25 Ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ Apache maka ndị mbido na ndị etiti
Anyị na-ekele ndị niile na-agụ akwụkwọ anyị maka nzaghachi anyị na-enweta maka ngalaba Interview Linux ọhụrụ anyị. Ma ugbu a, anyị amalitela mmụta amamihe dị na ngalaba maka ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ ma na-aga n'ihu n'otu akụkọ nke taa na-elekwasị anya na ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke Basic to Intermediate Apache ga-enyere gị aka ịkwado onwe gị.
Na ngalaba a, anyị ekpuchila ụfọdụ ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ 25 Apache Job na-atọ ụtọ yana azịza ha ka ị nwee ike ịghọta ụfọdụ ihe ọhụrụ gbasara Apache ngwa ngwa nke ị na-enwetụbeghị mbụ.
Tupu ị gụọ akụkọ a, anyị na-akwadosi gị ike ka ị ghara ịgbalị iburu azịza ya n'isi, gbalịa mgbe niile ka ị ghọta ihe ndapụta na ihe ndabere.
rpm -qa | grep httpd httpd-devel-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686 httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686 httpd-tools-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686
httpd -v Server version: Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) Server built: Aug 13 2013 17:27:11
netstat -antp | grep http tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1076/httpd tcp 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 1076/httpd
yum install httpd
apt-get install apache2
cd /etc/httpd/ ls -l total 8 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 24 21:44 conf drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 25 02:09 conf.d lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Oct 13 19:06 logs -> ../../var/log/httpd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Oct 13 19:06 modules -> ../../usr/lib/httpd/modules lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Oct 13 19:06 run -> ../../var/run/httpd
cd /etc/apache2 ls -l total 84 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7113 Jul 24 16:15 apache2.conf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 16 11:48 conf-available drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 16 11:45 conf.d drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 16 11:48 conf-enabled -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1782 Jul 21 02:14 envvars -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31063 Jul 21 02:14 magic drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Dec 16 11:48 mods-available drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 16 11:48 mods-enabled -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 315 Jul 21 02:14 ports.conf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 16 11:48 sites-available drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 6 00:04 sites-enabled
7. Enwere ike ịchekwa Apache na ihe mkpuchi TCP?
Were ya na ị nwere ọtụtụ IP e kenyere igwe Linux gị ma chọọ Apache ịnata arịrịọ HTTP na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Ethernet pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ Interface, ọbụlagodi nke a nwere ike ime site na ntuziaka Ntị.
Ka ịgbanwee ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndabara Apache, biko mepee faịlụ nhazi isi Apache gị httpd.conf ma ọ bụ faịlụ apache2.conf na onye nchịkọta VI.
vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf vi /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
Chọọ okwu ahụ “Ntị”, kwuo ahịrị izizi wee dee ntuziaka nke gị n'okpuru ahịrị ahụ.
# Listen 80 Listen 8080 OR Listen 172.16.16.1:8080
Chekwaa faịlụ ma malitegharịa sava weebụ.
service httpd restart service apache2 restart
Iji jiri ntuziaka Alias, Ọ bụ akụkụ nke mod_alias modul nke Apache. Usoro ndabara nke ntuziaka Alias bụ:
Alias /images /var/data/images/
N'ebe a ọmụmaatụ n'elu, /images url prefix na /var/data/images prefix nke pụtara na ndị ahịa ga-ajụ maka http://www.example.com/images/sample-image.png na Apache ga-eburu\sample-image.png faịlụ sitere na /var/data/images/sample-image.png na ihe nkesa. A na-akpọkwa ya URL Mapping.
Ntọala ndabara nke DirectoryIndex bụ .html index.html index.php, ọ bụrụ na ị nwere aha dị iche iche nke faịlụ mbụ gị, ịkwesịrị ịme mgbanwe na httpd.conf ma ọ bụ apache2.conf maka uru DirectoryIndex iji gosi nke ahụ na ihe nchọgharị onye ahịa gị.
# # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory # is requested. # # The index.html.var file (a type-map) is used to deliver content- # negotiated documents. The MultiViews Option can be used for the # same purpose, but it is much slower. # DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.cgi .exe
Iji kwụsị ndepụta ndekọ Apache, ị nwere ike ịtọ iwu na-esonụ na faịlụ nhazi isi zuru ụwa ọnụ ma ọ bụ na faịlụ .htaccess maka otu weebụsaịtị.
<Directory /var/www/html> Options -Indexes </Directory>
Ị nweere onwe gị ịgbakwunye ọtụtụ ntụziaka ịchọrọ maka ngalaba gị, mana ntinye abụọ dị ntakịrị maka weebụsaịtị na-arụ ọrụ bụ Aha Server na DocumentRoot. Anyị na-akọwakarị ngalaba nnabata Virtual na ala nke faịlụ httpd.conf na igwe Linux.
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-host.example.com ServerName dummy-host.example.com ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common </VirtualHost>
- ServerAdmin : Ọ na-abụkarị adreesị ozi-e nke onye nwe webụsaịtị, ebe enwere ike izipu njehie ma ọ bụ ọkwa.
- DocumentRoot : ebe faịlụ webụ dị na sava (Ọ dị mkpa).
- Aha sava : Ọ bụ ngalaba aha nke ịchọrọ ịnweta na ihe nchọgharị weebụ gị (Ọ dị mkpa).
- ErrorLog : Ọ bụ ebe faịlụ ndekọ ebe a na-edekọ ndekọ niile metụtara ngalaba.
ka a na-eji tọọ mmewere metụtara URL/adreesị nke sava weebụ. na-ezo aka na ebe ihe sistemụ faịlụ dị na sava
Maka ozi ndị ọzọ, gụọ na Otu esi emepụta aha/IP dabeere Virtual Hosts na Apache.
- Ọdịiche dị n'etiti Onye Ọrụ na MPM bụ na usoro ha nke ịmụpụta usoro ụmụaka. Na Prefork MPM, a na-amalite usoro httpd ukwu na usoro nna ukwu a na-amalite na-ejikwa usoro ụmụaka ndị ọzọ niile iji nye arịrịọ ndị ahịa. Ebe, N'ime MPM onye ọrụ otu usoro httpd na-arụ ọrụ, ọ na-ejikwa eriri dị iche iche iji nye arịrịọ ndị ahịa.
- Prefork MPM na-eji ọtụtụ usoro ụmụaka nwere otu eri nke ọ bụla, ebe MPM onye ọrụ na-eji ọtụtụ usoro ụmụaka nwere ọtụtụ eriri ọ bụla.
- Njikọ njikọ na Prefork MPM, usoro ọ bụla na-ejikwa otu njikọ n'otu oge, ebe n'ime onye ọrụ mpm eriri ọ bụla na-eji otu njikọ n'otu oge.
- ụkwụ ebe nchekwa Prefork MPM nnukwu akara ukwu ebe nchekwa, ebe Onye ọrụ nwere akara ukwu ebe nchekwa pere mpe.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ: Achọrọ m itinye oke 100000 Bytes na nchekwa /var/www/html/tecmin/uploads. Yabụ, ịkwesịrị ịgbakwunye ntuziaka na-esonụ na faịlụ nhazi Apache.
<Directory "/var/www/html/tecmint/uploads"> LimitRequestBody 100000 </Directory>
- mod_perl bụ modul Apache nke ejiri Apache chịkọbara maka njikọta dị mfe yana ịbawanye arụmọrụ nke script Perl. A na-eji
- mod_php mee ihe maka ijikọ ederede PHP dị mfe site na sava weebụ, ọ na-etinye onye ntụgharị PHP n'ime usoro Apache. Ọ na-eme ka nwa Apache rụọ ọrụ iji ebe nchekwa karịa ma na-arụ ọrụ na Apache naanị mana ọ ka na-ewu ewu.
Maka ozi ndị ọzọ, gụọ akụkọ na-eduzi gị otu esi etinye na hazie mod_evasive na Apache.
Mgbe ọ bụla arịrịọ https bịara, usoro atọ a Apache na-eso:
- Apache na-ewepụta igodo nkeonwe wee tụgharịa igodo nzuzo ahụ ka ọ bụrụ faịlụ .CSR (arịọrọ mbinye aka asambodo).
- Mgbe ahụ Apache na-eziga faịlụ .csr na CA (Ikikere Asambodo).
- CA ga-ewere faịlụ .csr wee gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ .crt (akwụkwọ ikike) wee ziga faịlụ .crt ahụ azụ na Apache iji chekwaa ma mezue arịrịọ njikọ https.
Ndị a bụ ajụjụ 25 kachasị ewu ewu nke ndị na-ajụ ajụjụ na-ajụ ụbọchị ndị a, biko nye ụfọdụ ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke ị chere ihu na ajụjụ ọnụ gị na nso nso a wee nyere ndị ọzọ aka site na ngalaba nkọwa anyị n'okpuru.
Anyị na-akwadokwa ka ị gụọ akụkọ anyị gara aga na Apache.
- 13 Ndụmọdụ nchekwa na ime ihe ike
- Etu esi emekọrịta sava/Webụsaịtị Apache abụọ site na iji Rsync
Ọzọkwa, anyị na-enwe obi ụtọ ịkpọsa na Beta nke ngalaba Ajụjụ/Azịza nke TecMint Ask amalitelarị. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ na isiokwu Linux ọ bụla. Biko sonyere anyị ma bipute ajụjụ/ajụjụ gị na https://linux-console.net/ask/.
Aga m abịakwute ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ na DNS, Sava Mail, PHP wdg n'ime akụkọ anyị n'ọdịnihu, ruo mgbe ahụ nọrọ Geeky wee jikọọ na TecMint.com.