25 Ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ Apache maka ndị mbido na ndị etiti


Anyị na-ekele ndị niile na-agụ akwụkwọ anyị maka nzaghachi anyị na-enweta maka ngalaba Interview Linux ọhụrụ anyị. Ma ugbu a, anyị amalitela mmụta amamihe dị na ngalaba maka ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ ma na-aga n'ihu n'otu akụkọ nke taa na-elekwasị anya na ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke Basic to Intermediate Apache ga-enyere gị aka ịkwado onwe gị.

Na ngalaba a, anyị ekpuchila ụfọdụ ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ 25 Apache Job na-atọ ụtọ yana azịza ha ka ị nwee ike ịghọta ụfọdụ ihe ọhụrụ gbasara Apache ngwa ngwa nke ị na-enwetụbeghị mbụ.

Tupu ị gụọ akụkọ a, anyị na-akwadosi gị ike ka ị ghara ịgbalị iburu azịza ya n'isi, gbalịa mgbe niile ka ị ghọta ihe ndapụta na ihe ndabere.

 rpm -qa | grep httpd

httpd-devel-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686
httpd-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686
httpd-tools-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.i686
 httpd -v

Server version: Apache/2.2.15 (Unix)
Server built:   Aug 13 2013 17:27:11
 netstat -antp | grep http

tcp        0      0 :::80                       :::*                        LISTEN      1076/httpd          
tcp        0      0 :::443                      :::*                        LISTEN      1076/httpd
 yum install httpd
 apt-get install apache2
 cd /etc/httpd/
 ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 24 21:44 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 25 02:09 conf.d
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   19 Oct 13 19:06 logs -> ../../var/log/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   27 Oct 13 19:06 modules -> ../../usr/lib/httpd/modules
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   19 Oct 13 19:06 run -> ../../var/run/httpd
 cd /etc/apache2
 ls -l
total 84
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  7113 Jul 24 16:15 apache2.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 conf-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:45 conf.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 conf-enabled
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1782 Jul 21 02:14 envvars
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31063 Jul 21 02:14 magic
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Dec 16 11:48 mods-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 mods-enabled
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   315 Jul 21 02:14 ports.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec 16 11:48 sites-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Dec  6 00:04 sites-enabled

7. Enwere ike ịchekwa Apache na ihe mkpuchi TCP?

Were ya na ị nwere ọtụtụ IP e kenyere igwe Linux gị ma chọọ Apache ịnata arịrịọ HTTP na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Ethernet pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ Interface, ọbụlagodi nke a nwere ike ime site na ntuziaka Ntị.

Ka ịgbanwee ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndabara Apache, biko mepee faịlụ nhazi isi Apache gị httpd.conf ma ọ bụ faịlụ apache2.conf na onye nchịkọta VI.

 vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

 vi /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Chọọ okwu ahụ “Ntị”, kwuo ahịrị izizi wee dee ntuziaka nke gị n'okpuru ahịrị ahụ.

# Listen 80
Listen 8080

OR

Listen 172.16.16.1:8080

Chekwaa faịlụ ma malitegharịa sava weebụ.

 service httpd restart

 service apache2 restart

Iji jiri ntuziaka Alias, Ọ bụ akụkụ nke mod_alias modul nke Apache. Usoro ndabara nke ntuziaka Alias bụ:

Alias /images /var/data/images/

N'ebe a ọmụmaatụ n'elu, /images url prefix na /var/data/images prefix nke pụtara na ndị ahịa ga-ajụ maka http://www.example.com/images/sample-image.png na Apache ga-eburu\sample-image.png faịlụ sitere na /var/data/images/sample-image.png na ihe nkesa. A na-akpọkwa ya URL Mapping.

Ntọala ndabara nke DirectoryIndex bụ .html index.html index.php, ọ bụrụ na ị nwere aha dị iche iche nke faịlụ mbụ gị, ịkwesịrị ịme mgbanwe na httpd.conf ma ọ bụ apache2.conf maka uru DirectoryIndex iji gosi nke ahụ na ihe nchọgharị onye ahịa gị.

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
# The index.html.var file (a type-map) is used to deliver content-
# negotiated documents.  The MultiViews Option can be used for the
# same purpose, but it is much slower.
#
DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.cgi .exe

Iji kwụsị ndepụta ndekọ Apache, ị nwere ike ịtọ iwu na-esonụ na faịlụ nhazi isi zuru ụwa ọnụ ma ọ bụ na faịlụ .htaccess maka otu weebụsaịtị.

<Directory /var/www/html>
   Options -Indexes
</Directory>

Ị nweere onwe gị ịgbakwunye ọtụtụ ntụziaka ịchọrọ maka ngalaba gị, mana ntinye abụọ dị ntakịrị maka weebụsaịtị na-arụ ọrụ bụ Aha Server na DocumentRoot. Anyị na-akọwakarị ngalaba nnabata Virtual na ala nke faịlụ httpd.conf na igwe Linux.

<VirtualHost *:80>
   ServerAdmin [email 
   DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-host.example.com
   ServerName dummy-host.example.com
   ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log
   CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

  1. ServerAdmin : Ọ na-abụkarị adreesị ozi-e nke onye nwe webụsaịtị, ebe enwere ike izipu njehie ma ọ bụ ọkwa.
  2. DocumentRoot : ebe faịlụ webụ dị na sava (Ọ dị mkpa).
  3. Aha sava : Ọ bụ ngalaba aha nke ịchọrọ ịnweta na ihe nchọgharị weebụ gị (Ọ dị mkpa).
  4. ErrorLog : Ọ bụ ebe faịlụ ndekọ ebe a na-edekọ ndekọ niile metụtara ngalaba.

  1. ka a na-eji tọọ mmewere metụtara URL/adreesị nke sava weebụ.
  2. na-ezo aka na ebe ihe sistemụ faịlụ dị na sava

Maka ozi ndị ọzọ, gụọ na Otu esi emepụta aha/IP dabeere Virtual Hosts na Apache.

    Ọdịiche dị n'etiti Onye Ọrụ na MPM bụ na usoro ha nke ịmụpụta usoro ụmụaka. Na Prefork MPM, a na-amalite usoro httpd ukwu na usoro nna ukwu a na-amalite na-ejikwa usoro ụmụaka ndị ọzọ niile iji nye arịrịọ ndị ahịa. Ebe, N'ime MPM onye ọrụ otu usoro httpd na-arụ ọrụ, ọ na-ejikwa eriri dị iche iche iji nye arịrịọ ndị ahịa.
  1. Prefork MPM na-eji ọtụtụ usoro ụmụaka nwere otu eri nke ọ bụla, ebe MPM onye ọrụ na-eji ọtụtụ usoro ụmụaka nwere ọtụtụ eriri ọ bụla.
  2. Njikọ njikọ na Prefork MPM, usoro ọ bụla na-ejikwa otu njikọ n'otu oge, ebe n'ime onye ọrụ mpm eriri ọ bụla na-eji otu njikọ n'otu oge.
  3. ụkwụ ebe nchekwa Prefork MPM nnukwu akara ukwu ebe nchekwa, ebe Onye ọrụ nwere akara ukwu ebe nchekwa pere mpe.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ: Achọrọ m itinye oke 100000 Bytes na nchekwa /var/www/html/tecmin/uploads. Yabụ, ịkwesịrị ịgbakwunye ntuziaka na-esonụ na faịlụ nhazi Apache.

<Directory "/var/www/html/tecmint/uploads">
LimitRequestBody 100000
</Directory>

  1. mod_perl bụ modul Apache nke ejiri Apache chịkọbara maka njikọta dị mfe yana ịbawanye arụmọrụ nke script Perl.
  2. A na-eji
  3. mod_php mee ihe maka ijikọ ederede PHP dị mfe site na sava weebụ, ọ na-etinye onye ntụgharị PHP n'ime usoro Apache. Ọ na-eme ka nwa Apache rụọ ọrụ iji ebe nchekwa karịa ma na-arụ ọrụ na Apache naanị mana ọ ka na-ewu ewu.

Maka ozi ndị ọzọ, gụọ akụkọ na-eduzi gị otu esi etinye na hazie mod_evasive na Apache.

Mgbe ọ bụla arịrịọ https bịara, usoro atọ a Apache na-eso:

  1. Apache na-ewepụta igodo nkeonwe wee tụgharịa igodo nzuzo ahụ ka ọ bụrụ faịlụ .CSR (arịọrọ mbinye aka asambodo).
  2. Mgbe ahụ Apache na-eziga faịlụ .csr na CA (Ikikere Asambodo).
  3. CA ga-ewere faịlụ .csr wee gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ .crt (akwụkwọ ikike) wee ziga faịlụ .crt ahụ azụ na Apache iji chekwaa ma mezue arịrịọ njikọ https.

Ndị a bụ ajụjụ 25 kachasị ewu ewu nke ndị na-ajụ ajụjụ na-ajụ ụbọchị ndị a, biko nye ụfọdụ ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ nke ị chere ihu na ajụjụ ọnụ gị na nso nso a wee nyere ndị ọzọ aka site na ngalaba nkọwa anyị n'okpuru.

Anyị na-akwadokwa ka ị gụọ akụkọ anyị gara aga na Apache.

  1. 13 Ndụmọdụ nchekwa na ime ihe ike
  2. Etu esi emekọrịta sava/Webụsaịtị Apache abụọ site na iji Rsync

Ọzọkwa, anyị na-enwe obi ụtọ ịkpọsa na Beta nke ngalaba Ajụjụ/Azịza nke TecMint Ask amalitelarị. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ na isiokwu Linux ọ bụla. Biko sonyere anyị ma bipute ajụjụ/ajụjụ gị na https://linux-console.net/ask/.

Aga m abịakwute ajụjụ ajụjụ ọnụ na DNS, Sava Mail, PHP wdg n'ime akụkọ anyị n'ọdịnihu, ruo mgbe ahụ nọrọ Geeky wee jikọọ na TecMint.com.