10 Iwu Linux bara uru nke ukwuu - Akụkụ V

Mgbe enwere ekele dị ukwuu na usoro isiokwu anọ dị otú ahụ na-aga nke ọma na iwu Linux ndị a maara nke ọma anyị na-ewetara gị akụkọ ikpeazụ na usoro isiokwu a, o doro anya na ọ bụghị obere. Edemede ndị gara aga bụ:

  1. 11 Iwu Linux bara uru amachaghị - Nkebi nke Mbụ
  2. 10 Iwu Linux amachaghị nke ọma - Akụkụ II
  3. 10 Iwu amachaghị nke ọma maka Linux – Nkebi III
  4. 10 Iwu Linux dị obere amachaghị nke ọma - Nkebi IV

42. lsb_nhapụ

Iwu 'lsb_release' bipụta ozi nkesa akọwapụtara. Ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị lsb_release, ị nwere ike dabara 'lsb-core' na Debian ma ọ bụ yum 'redhat-lsb' na ngwugwu uhie uhie.

# lsb_release -a

LSB Version:    :base-4.0-ia32:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-ia32:
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description:    CentOS release 6.3 (Final)
Release:        6.3
Codename:       Final

Mara: Nhọrọ '-a', na-egosi ozi niile dị na ụdị, id, nkọwa, ntọhapụ na codename.

43. nc -zv localhost 80

Lelee ma ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 80 emeghere ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Anyị nwere ike dochie '80' na nọmba ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla ọzọ iji lelee ma emepere ma ọ bụ mechie ya.

$ nc -zv localhost 80

Connection to localhost 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!

Lelee ma ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 8080 emeghere ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị.

$ nc -zv localhost 8080

nc: connect to localhost port 8080 (tcp) failed: Connection refused

44. curl ipinfo.io

Iwu dị n'okpuru ga-ewepụta 'Geographical Location' nke adreesị IP, enyere.

$ curl ipinfo.io 

"ip": "xx.xx.xx.xx",
"hostname": "triband-del-aa.bbb.cc.ddd.bol.net.in",
"city": null,
"region": null,
"country": "IN",
"loc": "20,77",
"org": "AS17813 Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd."

45. chọta . - mgbọrọgwụ onye ọrụ

Iwu dị n'okpuru na-ewepụta faịlụ ndị ahụ n'ihe gbasara faịlụ ndị ọrụ nwere (mgbọrọgwụ). Faịlụ niile nke onye ọrụ 'mgbọrọgwụ' nwere n'ime ndekọ aha ugbu a.

# find . -user root

./.recently-used.xbel
./.mysql_history
./.aptitude
./.aptitude/config
./.aptitude/cache
./.bluefish
./.bluefish/session-2.0
./.bluefish/autosave
./.bash_history

Faịlụ niile nke onye ọrụ 'avi' nwere na ndekọ aha ugbu a.

# find . -user avi

./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_002b66
./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_001719
./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_001262
./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_000544
./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_002e40
./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_00119a
./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_0014fc
./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_001b52
./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_00198d
./.cache/chromium/Cache/f_003680

46. sudo apt-nweta wu-dep ffmpeg

Iwu dị n'okpuru ga-ewulite ndabere, na-akpaghị aka n'oge nrụnye ngwugwu kwekọrọ. N'ihi ya, usoro ntinye ngwugwu dị nnọọ mfe ma dị mfe.

# apt-get build-dep ffmpeg

libxinerama-dev libxml-namespacesupport-perl libxml-sax-expat-perl
libxml-sax-perl libxml-simple-perl libxrandr-dev libxrender-dev
x11proto-render-dev x11proto-xinerama-dev xulrunner-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
libpixman-1-0
1 upgraded, 143 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 205 MB of archives.
After this operation, 448 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?

47. lsof -iTCP:80 -sTCP: Ntị

Ihe ntinye iwu dị n'okpuru, aha usoro/ọrụ na-eji ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 80. Iji ghọta nke ọma na-agba ọsọ iwu na-esonụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 80, ọ ga-edepụta ọrụ/usoro niile na-agba ọsọ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

[email :/home/avi# lsof -iTCP:80 -sTCP:LISTEN

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
apache2 1566 root 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
apache2 1664 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
apache2 1665 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
apache2 1666 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
apache2 1667 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)
apache2 1668 www-data 5u IPv6 5805 0t0 TCP *:www (LISTEN)

N'otu aka ahụ, ị nwekwara ike ịlele ọrụ/usoro nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 22.

[email :/home/avi# lsof -iTCP:22 -sTCP:LISTEN

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 2261 root 3u IPv4 8366 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 2261 root 4u IPv6 8369 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)

48. chọta -size +100M

Iwu nchọta ahụ na-edepụta faịlụ niile dị na ndekọ aha ugbu a karịa nha akọwapụtara (ebe a 100 MB), na-emegharị ugboro ugboro.

# find -size +100M

./.local/share/Trash/files/linuxmint-15-cinnamon-dvd-32bit.iso
./Downloads/Fedora-Live-Desktop-i686-19-1.iso
./Downloads/Ant Videos/shakira 2.avi
./Downloads/Deewar.avi
./Desktop/101MSDCF/MOV02224.AVI
./Desktop/101MSDCF/MOV02020.AVI
./Desktop/101MSDCF/MOV00406.MP4
./Desktop/squeeze.iso

Na-edepụta faịlụ niile nke nha ha ma ọ bụrụ karịa 1000 MB, n'ime ndekọ aha ugbu a, na-emegharị ugboro ugboro.

[email :/home/avi# find -size +1000M

./Downloads/The Dark Knight 2008 hindi BRRip 720p/The Dark Knight.mkv.part
./Downloads/Saudagar - (1991) - DVDRiP - x264 - AAC 5.1 - Chapters - Esubs - [DDR]/Saudagar 
- (1991) - DVDRiP - x264 - AAC 5.1 - Chapters - Esubs - [DDR].mkv
./Downloads/Deewar.avi
./Desktop/squeeze.iso

49. pdftk

Iwu pdftk na-ejikọta ọtụtụ faịlụ pdf n'ime otu. Ị ga-etinyerịrị mmemme pdftk. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, mee apt ma ọ bụ yum iji nweta ngwugwu achọrọ.

$ pdftk 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf …. 10.pdf cat output merged.pdf

50. ps -LF -u aha njirimara

Iwu dị n'okpuru na-ewepụta usoro na eri nke onye ọrụ. Nhọrọ L (eriri ndepụta) na -F (Ndepụta usoro zuru ezu).

$ ps -LF -u avi

avi 21645 3717 21766 0 5 66168 117164 1 18:58 ? 00:00:00 /usr/
avi 21645 3717 21768 0 5 66168 117164 1 18:58 ? 00:00:00 /usr/
avi 22314 3717 22314 0 2 42797 50332 0 19:00 ? 00:00:40 /usr/
avi 22314 3717 22316 0 2 42797 50332 1 19:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/
avi 22678 24621 22678 0 1 969 1060 1 21:05 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -L
avi 23051 3717 23051 0 2 37583 45444 1 19:03 ? 00:00:52 /usr/
avi 23051 3717 23053 0 2 37583 45444 0 19:03 ? 00:00:03 /usr/
avi 23652 1 23652 0 2 22092 12520 0 19:06 ? 00:00:22 gnome
avi 23652 1 23655 0 2 22092 12520 0 19:06 ? 00:00:00 gnome

51. Startx - :1

Ịkekọrịta oge X, pụtara ịbanye na ịpụ ugboro ugboro, nke a bụ ebe iwu Startx na-abịa napụta. Iwu a na-emepụta nnọkọ ọhụrụ, yabụ na ọ dịghị mkpa ịbanye na ọpụpụ ugboro ugboro site na nnọkọ. Ka ịgbanwee n'etiti nnọkọ X abụọ, anyị kwesịrị ịgbanwe n'etiti 'ctrl Alt F7' na 'ctrl Alt+F8'.

Rịba ama: igodo ctrl+Alt+F1, ctrl+Alt+F6 bụ maka nnọkọ njikwa, yana ctrl+Alt+F7, ctrl+Alt+F12 bụ maka nnọkọ X. N'ihi ya, nnọkọ njikwa 6 na nnọkọ 6 X, na-enweghị ịbanye na ọpụpụ ugboro ugboro. Usoro dị n'elu na-arụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ distro, agbanyeghị distro dị iche iche nwere ike mejuputa ya n'ụzọ dị iche. Achọpụtala m ya na Debian, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ nke ọma.

Nke ahụ bụ ihe niile ugbu a. Anyị ga na-abịa n'ihu n'iwu ndị ọzọ amachaghị nke ọma yana otu edemede liner dị ka achọrọ, n'isiokwu ga-abịa n'ihu. Echefula inye nzaghachi gị bara uru gbasara akụkọ anyị na usoro 'iwu Linux a ma ama'. M na-abịa na akụkọ m na-esote n'oge adịghị anya, ruo mgbe ahụ, nwee ahụ ike, na-ege ntị na jikọọ na Tecment.