Ịghọta APT, APT-Cache na Iwu Ha Na-ejikarị

Ọ bụrụ na ị jirila Debian ma ọ bụ nkesa Debian dị ka Ubuntu ma ọ bụ Linux Mint, mgbe ahụ ohere bụ na ị jirila usoro ngwugwu APT iji wụnye ma ọ bụ wepụ software. Ọbụlagodi na ị nwetabeghị ahịrị iwu ahụ, sistemụ dị n'okpuru na-enye ike njikwa ngwugwu GUI gị bụ sistemụ APT.

Taa, anyị ga-eleba anya n'iwu ụfọdụ a maara nke ọma, wee banye n'ime iwu APT ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe ma ọ bụ karịa, wee mee ka ìhè dị na usoro a mara mma.

Kedu ihe bụ APT?

APT na-anọchi anya Ngwá Ọrụ ngwugwu dị elu. Ebu ụzọ hụ ya na Debian 2.1 azụ na 1999. N'ikpeazụ, APT bụ usoro nlekọta maka ngwugwu dpkg, dị ka a hụrụ na ndọtị * .deb. Emebere ya ọ bụghị naanị ijikwa ngwugwu na mmelite, mana iji dozie ọtụtụ nsogbu dabere mgbe ị na-etinye ụfọdụ ngwugwu.

Dị ka onye ọ bụla na-eji Linux laa azụ n'oge ndị ọsụ ụzọ ahụ, anyị niile maara nke ọma okwu ahụ bụ hell ndabere mgbe ị na-agbalị ịchịkọta ihe site na isi iyi, ma ọ bụ ọbụna mgbe ị na-emeso ọtụtụ faịlụ RPM nke Red Hat.

APT doziri nsogbu ndị a niile dabere na akpaghị aka, na-eme ka ịwụnye ngwugwu ọ bụla, n'agbanyeghị nha ma ọ bụ ọnụọgụ dabere na iwu otu ahịrị. Nye ndị anyị rụsiri ọrụ ike ruo ọtụtụ awa n'ọrụ ndị a, nke a bụ otu n'ime oge anyanwụ na-ekewa igwe ojii na ndụ Linux anyị!

Ịghọta nhazi APT

Faịlụ mbụ a anyị ga-eleba anya bụ otu n'ime faịlụ nhazi APT.

$ sudo cat /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main
deb-src http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main

deb http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main
deb-src http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main

deb http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe

Dịka ị nwere ike wepụta na faịlụ m Source.list, m na-eji Ubuntu 12.04 (Pangolin ziri ezi). M na-ejikwa ebe nchekwa atọ:

Ebe nchekwa isi
Ebe nchekwa ụwa
Ebe nchekwa nchekwa Ubuntu

Okwu syntax nke faịlụ a dịtụ mfe:

deb (url) release repository

Ahịrị na-eso ya bụ ebe nchekwa faịlụ isi. Ọ na-eso usoro yiri nke ahụ:

deb-src (url) release repository

Faịlụ a mara mma nke ukwuu naanị ihe ị ga-eme iji dezie site na iji APT, yana ohere bụ na ndabara ga-enye gị nke ọma na ịgaghị achọ idezi ya ma ọlị.

Agbanyeghị, enwere oge ị ga-achọ ịgbakwunye ebe nchekwa ndị ọzọ. Ị ga-adị mfe tinye ha site na iji otu usoro ahụ, wee mee iwu mmelite:

$ sudo apt-get update

IHE: Lezienụ anya nke ukwuu ịgbakwunye ebe nchekwa ndị ọzọ !!! Naanị tinye site na isi mmalite ntụkwasị obi yana ama ama. Ịgbakwunye ebe nchekwa dodgy ma ọ bụ ịgwakọta mwepụta nwere ike mebie sistemụ gị nke ukwuu!

Anyị elelela faịlụ Source.list anyị ma mara ugbu a ka esi emelite ya, yabụ kedu ihe na-esote? Ka anyị tinye ụfọdụ ngwugwu. Ka anyị kwuo na anyị na-agba ọsọ nkesa na anyị chọrọ ịwụnye WordPress. Ka anyị buru ụzọ chọọ ngwugwu ahụ:

$ sudo apt-cache search wordpress

blogilo - graphical blogging client
drivel - Blogging client for the GNOME desktop
drupal6-mod-views - views modules for Drupal 6
drupal6-thm-arthemia - arthemia theme for Drupal 6
gnome-blog - GNOME application to post to weblog entries
lekhonee-gnome - desktop client for wordpress blogs
libmarkdown-php - PHP library for rendering Markdown data
qtm - Web-log interface program
tomboy-blogposter - Tomboy add-in for posting notes to a blog
wordpress - weblog manager
wordpress-l10n - weblog manager - language files
wordpress-openid - OpenID plugin for WordPress
wordpress-shibboleth - Shibboleth plugin for WordPress
wordpress-xrds-simple - XRDS-Simple plugin for WordPress
zine - Python powered blog engine

Kedu ihe bụ APT-Cache?

Apt-cache bụ iwu na-ajụ naanị APT cache. Anyị gafere nchọta ọchụchọ na ya, na-ekwupụta na, n'ụzọ doro anya, anyị chọrọ ịchọ APT maka ya. Dịka anyị nwere ike ịhụ n'elu, ịchọ \wordpress weghachiri ọtụtụ ngwugwu metụtara eriri ọchụchọ na nkọwa dị nkenke nke ngwugwu ọ bụla.

Site na nke a, anyị na-ahụ ngwungwu isi nke wordpress - weblog manager, ma anyị chọrọ ịwụnye ya, mana ọ gaghị adị mma ịhụ kpọmkwem ihe ndabere a ga-etinye na ya? APT nwere ike ịgwa anyị nke ahụ. kwa:

$ sudo apt-cache showpkg wordpress

Versions:
3.3.1+dfsg-1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_universe_binary-amd64_Packages)
 Description Language:
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_universe_binary-amd64_Packages
                  MD5: 3558d680fa97c6a3f32c5c5e9f4a182a
 Description Language: en
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/us-west-2.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_universe_i18n_Translation-en
                  MD5: 3558d680fa97c6a3f32c5c5e9f4a182a

Reverse Depends:
  wordpress-xrds-simple,wordpress
  wordpress-shibboleth,wordpress 2.8
  wordpress-openid,wordpress
  wordpress-l10n,wordpress 2.8.4-2
Dependencies:
3.3.1+dfsg-1 - libjs-cropper (2 1.2.1) libjs-prototype (2 1.7.0) libjs-scriptaculous (2 1.9.0) libphp-phpmailer (2 5.1) libphp-simplepie (2 1.2) libphp-snoopy (2 1.2.4) tinymce (2 3.4.3.2+dfsg0) apache2 (16 (null)) httpd (0 (null)) mysql-client (0 (null)) libapache2-mod-php5 (16 (null)) php5 (0 (null)) php5-mysql (0 (null)) php5-gd (0 (null)) mysql-server (2 5.0.15) wordpress-l10n (0 (null))
Provides:
3.3.1+dfsg-1 -
Reverse Provides:

Nke a na-egosi anyị na wordpress 3.3.1 bụ ụdị nke a ga-etinye, ebe nchekwa ọ ga-etinye na ya, tụgharịa ndabere, na ngwugwu ndị ọzọ ọ dabere na ya, gbakwunyere nọmba ụdị ha.

IHE: (Null pụtara na akọwaghị ụdịdị ahụ, a ga-etinyekwa ụdị kachasị ọhụrụ na ebe nchekwa ahụ.)

Ugbu a, iwu wụnye n'ezie:

$ sudo apt-get install wordpress

Iwu ahụ ga-etinye WordPress-3.3.1 na ndabere niile na-adịghị arụnyere ugbu a.

N'ezie, ọ bụghị ihe niile ị nwere ike ime na APT. Ụfọdụ iwu ndị ọzọ bara uru bụ ndị a:

IHE: Ọ bụ omume dị mma ịgba ọsọ apt-nweta mmelite tupu ịme usoro iwu APT ọ bụla. Cheta, apt-nweta mmelite tụgharịrị faịlụ /etc/apt/sources.list gị wee melite nchekwa data ya.

Iwepu ngwugwu dị mfe dịka ịwụnye ngwugwu:

$ sudo apt-get remove wordpress

N'ụzọ dị mwute, apt-get wepụ iwu hapụ faịlụ nhazi niile na-emebibeghị. Iji wepụkwa ndị ahụ, ị ga-achọ iji apt-get purge:

$ sudo apt-get purge wordpress

Oge ọ bụla, mgbe ahụ, ị nwere ike ịgafe ọnọdụ ebe enwere ntụkwasị obi gbajiri agbaji. Nke a na-emekarị mgbe ị naghị emelite apt-nweta nke ọma, na-achịkwa nchekwa data. Ọ dabara nke ọma, APT nwere ndozi maka ya:

$ sudo apt-get –f install

Ebe ọ bụ na APT na-ebudata faịlụ * .deb niile site na ebe nchekwa ziri ezi na igwe gị (na-echekwa ha na /var/cache/apt/archives) ị nwere ike iwepu ha oge ụfọdụ iji wepụta ohere diski:

$ sudo apt-get clean

Nke a bụ obere akụkụ nke APT, APT-Cache na ụfọdụ iwu bara uru. A ka nwere ọtụtụ ihe ị ga-amụta na nyochaa ụfọdụ iwu dị elu karịa n'isiokwu dị n'okpuru.

25 Iwu bara uru yana dị elu nke APT-GET na APT-CACHE

Dị ka oge niile, biko lelee ibe nwoke maka nhọrọ ndị ọzọ. Ozugbo mmadụ matara APT, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịde ederede Cron dị egwu iji mee ka usoro ahụ dị ọhụrụ.