Otu esi edozi NFS (Sistemụ Njikwa netwọkụ) na RHEL/CentOS/Fedora na Debian/Ubuntu


NFS (Network File System) bụ nke emepụtara maka ịkekọrịta faịlụ na nchekwa n'etiti Linux/Unix usoro site na Sun Microsystems na 1980. Ọ na-enye gị ohere ịkwanye usoro faịlụ mpaghara gị n'elu netwọk na ndị ọbịa dịpụrụ adịpụ iji soro ha na-emekọrịta ihe ka a na-etinye ha na mpaghara. na otu usoro. Site n'enyemaka nke NFS, anyị nwere ike melite nkesa faịlụ n'etiti Unix ka Linux usoro na Linux ka Unix usoro.

  1. NFS na-enye ohere ịnweta faịlụ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ.
  2. Ọ na-eji ụkpụrụ ụlọ ahịa/ihe nkesa ọkọlọtọ maka ịkekọrịta faịlụ n'etiti igwe * nix niile.
  3. Site na NFS, ọ dịghị mkpa ka igwe abụọ a na-arụ n'otu OS.
  4. Site n'enyemaka nke NFS anyị nwere ike hazie ngwọta nchekwa etiti.
  5. Ndị ọrụ na-enweta data ha n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ nkịtị.
  6. Ọnweghị ume ọhụrụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka achọrọ maka faịlụ ọhụrụ.
  7. Ụdị NFS ọhụrụ na-akwadokwa acl, pseudo root mounts.
  8. Enwere ike chekwaa ya na Firewalls na Kerberos.

Ọ bụ ọrụ ewepụtara sistemu V. Ngwungwu ihe nkesa NFS gụnyere akụrụngwa atọ, gụnyere na ngwugwu portmap na nfs-utils.

  1. portmap : Ọ na-esetịpụ maapụ oku emere site na igwe ndị ọzọ gaa na ọrụ RPC ziri ezi (anaghị eji NFSv4 achọrọ).
  2. nfs: Ọ na-atụgharị arịrịọ ikesa faịlụ dịpụrụ adịpụ ka ọ bụrụ arịrịọ na sistemụ faịlụ mpaghara.
  3. rpc.mountd: Ọrụ a na-ahụ maka ịkwanye na ịbutu sistemụ faịlụ.

  1. /etc/exports : Ọ bụ faịlụ nhazi bụ isi nke NFS, a kọwapụtara faịlụ na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha niile ebupụ na faịlụ a na njedebe NFS Server.
  2. /etc/fstab : Iji bulie akwụkwọ ndekọ NFS na sistemụ gị gafee reboots, anyị kwesịrị itinye ntinye na /etc/fstab.
  3. /etc/sysconfig/nfs: faịlụ nhazi nke NFS iji jikwaa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri rpc na ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ege ntị.

Hazie na hazie NFS Mounts na Linux Server

Iji hazie NFS mounts, anyị ga-achọ ma ọ dịkarịa ala igwe Linux/Unix abụọ. N'ebe a na nkuzi a, m ga-eji sava abụọ.

  1. NFS Server: nfserver.example.com nwere IP-192.168.0.100
  2. NFS Client : nfsclient.example.com nwere IP-192.168.0.101

Anyị kwesịrị ịwụnye ngwugwu NFS na NFS Server anyị yana igwe Client NFS. Anyị nwere ike ịwụnye ya site na nrụnye ngwugwu yum (Red Hat Linux) na apt-get (Debian na Ubuntu).

 yum install nfs-utils nfs-utils-lib
 yum install portmap (not required with NFSv4)
 apt-get install nfs-utils nfs-utils-lib

Ugbu a malite ọrụ na igwe abụọ ahụ.

 /etc/init.d/portmap start
 /etc/init.d/nfs start
 chkconfig --level 35 portmap on
 chkconfig --level 35 nfs on

Mgbe ị wụnye ngwugwu na ịmalite ọrụ na igwe abụọ ahụ, anyị kwesịrị ịhazi ma igwe maka ịkekọrịta faịlụ.

Ịtọlite NFS Server

Nke mbụ, anyị ga-ahazi sava NFS.

Maka ịkekọrịta ndekọ na NFS, anyị kwesịrị ime ntinye na faịlụ nhazi /etc/exports. N'ebe a, m ga-emepụta ndekọ ọhụrụ aha ya bụ \nfsshare na ngalaba/iji kesaa ya na sava ndị ahịa, ị nwekwara ike ịkekọrịta akwụkwọ ndekọ aha dị adị na NFS.

 mkdir /nfsshare

Ugbu a, anyị kwesịrị ịbanye na/wdg/mbupụ ma malitegharịa ọrụ iji mee ka ndekọ anyị nwee ike ịkekọrịta na netwọk.

 vi /etc/exports

/nfsshare 192.168.0.101(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

N'ihe atụ a dị n'elu, enwere ndekọ na/nkebi aha ya bụ \nfsshare na-eso onye ahịa IP 192.168.0.101 na ikike ịgụ na ide (rw), ị nwekwara ike iji aha nnabata nke onye ahịa na ebe IP. n'ihe atụ dị n'elu.

Nhọrọ ndị ọzọ anyị nwere ike iji na faịlụ /etc/exports maka nkesa faịlụ bụ ndị a.

  1. ro: Site n'enyemaka nke nhọrọ a, anyị nwere ike ịnye naanị ohere ịnweta faịlụ ekekọrịtara ya bụ naanị onye ahịa ga-enwe ike ịgụ.
  2. rw: Nhọrọ a na-enye onye nkesa ahịa ohere ịgụ ma dee ohere n'ime ndekọ aha nkekọrịta.
  3. mmekọrịta: Mmekọrịta na-akwado arịrịọ nke ndekọ aha nkekọrịta naanị mgbe emechara mgbanwe a.
  4. no_subtree_check: Nhọrọ a na-egbochi ịlele obere osisi. Mgbe ndekọ nkekọrịta bụ subdirectory nke sistemụ faịlụ buru ibu, nfs na-enyocha akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ọ bụla dị n'elu ya, iji nyochaa ikike na nkọwapụta ya. Ịkwụsị nlele nlele obere osisi nwere ike ịbawanye ntụkwasị obi nke NFS, mana belata nchekwa.
  5. no_root_squash: Nkebi ahịrịokwu a na-enye ohere ijikọ na ndekọ ahapụtara.

Maka nhọrọ ndị ọzọ na /etc/exports, a na-atụ aro ka ị gụọ akwụkwọ nwoke maka mbupụ.

Ịtọlite NFS Client

Mgbe hazichara ihe nkesa NFS, anyị kwesịrị ịkwanye ndekọ ndekọ ma ọ bụ nkebi na nkesa nke ndị ahịa.

Ugbu a na njedebe ndị ahịa NFS, anyị kwesịrị ịkwanye ndekọ ahụ na sava anyị iji nweta ya na mpaghara. Iji mee nke a, anyị kwesịrị ibu ụzọ chọpụta na oke ahịa dị na sava dịpụrụ adịpụ ma ọ bụ NFS Server.

 showmount -e 192.168.0.100

Export list for 192.168.0.100:
/nfsshare 192.168.0.101

Iwu dị n'elu na-egosi na ndekọ aha aha \nfsshare dị na 192.168.0.100 iji kesaa gị na ihe nkesa gị.

Iji bulie ndekọ NFS nkekọrịta ahụ anyị nwere ike iji iwu ugwu.

 mount -t nfs 192.168.0.100:/nfsshare /mnt/nfsshare

Iwu a dị n'elu ga-ebuli akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ahụ na /mnt/nfsshare na sava ndị ahịa. Ị nwere ike nyochaa ya na-eso iwu.

 mount | grep nfs

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
192.168.0.100:/nfsshare on /mnt type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.0.100)

Iwu ugwu a dị n'elu kwadoro nfs nkekọrịta ndekọ na nfs onye ahịa nwa oge, iji bulie akwụkwọ ndekọ NFS na-adịgide adịgide na sistemụ gị gafee reboots, anyị kwesịrị itinye ntinye na /etc/fstab.

 vi /etc/fstab

Tinye ahịrị ọhụrụ a dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.

192.168.0.100:/nfsshare /mnt  nfs defaults 0 0

Nwalee arụ ọrụ nke NFS Mbido

Anyị nwere ike nwalee nhazi nkesa NFS anyị site na ịmepụta faịlụ ule na njedebe nkesa wee lelee ọ dị na nfs ahịa n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ vice versa.

Emepụtala m faịlụ ederede ọhụrụ aha ya bụ \nfstest.txt' n'ime ndekọ aha nkekọrịta ahụ.

 cat > /nfsshare/nfstest.txt

This is a test file to test the working of NFS server setup.

Gaa na ndekọ nkekọrịta na ihe nkesa ndị ahịa na ị ga-ahụ faịlụ ahụ ekekọrịtara na-enweghị ume ọhụrụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka ma ọ bụ malitegharịa ọrụ.

 ll /mnt/nfsshare
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61 Sep 21 21:44 nfstest.txt
[email  ~]# cat /mnt/nfsshare/nfstest.txt
This is a test file to test the working of NFS server setup.

Iwepu Ugwu NFS

Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ iwepụ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha nkesa na sava gị ka ịmechara nkesa faịlụ ahụ, ị nwere ike iwepu akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ahụ site na iji iwu \umount. Lee ihe atụ a n'okpuru.

[email  ~]# umount /mnt/nfsshare

Ị nwere ike ịhụ na e wepụrụ ugwu ndị ahụ site na ilele sistemụ faịlụ ahụ ọzọ.

 df -h -F nfs

Ị ga-ahụ na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ndị ahụ ekekọrịtara adịghịkwa ọzọ.

Ụfọdụ iwu ndị dị mkpa maka NFS.

  1. showmount-e : Na-egosi oke dị na igwe mpaghara gị
  2. showmount -e : depụtara òkè dị na sava dịpụrụ adịpụ
  3. showmount -d : depụtara sub directories niile
  4. exportfs -v : Na-egosiputa ndepụta faịlụ na nhọrọ na sava
  5. exportfs -a : na-ebupụ oke òkè niile edepụtara na /etc/exports, ma ọ bụ aha enyere
  6. exportfs -u : na-ebupụ mbak niile edepụtara na /etc/exports, ma ọ bụ aha enyere
  7. exportfs -r : Weghachite ndepụta ihe nkesa mgbe emezigharịa /etc/exports

Nke a bụ ya na NFS mounts maka ugbu a, nke a bụ naanị mmalite, m ga-abịa na nhọrọ na atụmatụ nke NFS na anyị n'ọdịnihu isiokwu. Ruo mgbe ahụ, nọrọ na linux-console.net maka nkuzi na-atọ ụtọ karịa n'ọdịnihu. Hapụ okwu na aro gị n'okpuru igbe nkọwa.