Mepụta ọtụtụ adreesị IP n'otu interface netwọk otu
Echiche nke ịmepụta ma ọ bụ ịhazi ọtụtụ adreesị IP na otu netwọk netwọk ka a na-akpọ IP aliasing. IP aliasing bara ezigbo uru maka ịtọlite ọtụtụ saịtị mebere na Apache site na iji otu interface netwọkụ nwere adreesị IP dị iche iche na otu netwọkụ subnet.
Isi uru dị n'iji aliasing IP a bụ, ọ dịghị mkpa ka ị nweta ihe nkwụnye anụ ahụ na IP ọ bụla, kama ị nwere ike ịmepụta ọtụtụ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ mebere interfaces (aliases) na otu kaadị anụ ahụ.
Ntuziaka enyere ebe a na-emetụta nkesa Linux niile dị ka Red Hat, Fedora, na CentOS. Ịmepụta ọtụtụ oghere na iji aka kenye ya adreesị IP bụ ọrụ dị egwu. N'ebe a, anyị ga-ahụ ka anyị ga-esi kenye adreesị IP na ya na-akọwa otu ụdị IP dị iche iche. Ghọtakwa ka anyị ga-esi mepụta interface mebere ma kenye ụdị adreesị IP dị iche iche na interface n'otu oge. N'isiokwu a, anyị ji LAN IP's, yabụ dochie ndị ị ga-eji.
Ịmepụta Interface mebere ma kenye ọtụtụ adreesị IP
N'ebe a, enwere m interface akpọrọ ifcfg-eth0, interface ndabere maka ngwaọrụ Ethernet. Ọ bụrụ na ị jikọtara ngwaọrụ Ethernet nke abụọ, mgbe ahụ, a ga-enwe ngwaọrụ ifcfg-eth1 na ihe ndị ọzọ maka ngwaọrụ ọ bụla ị tinyere. Faịlụ netwọkụ ngwaọrụ ndị a dị na ndekọ /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ ndekọ. Gaa na ndekọ ma mee “ls -l” ka ịdepụta ngwaọrụ niile.
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ # ls -l
ifcfg-eth0 ifdown-isdn ifup-aliases ifup-plusb init.ipv6-global ifcfg-lo ifdown-post ifup-bnep ifup-post net.hotplug ifdown ifdown-ppp ifup-eth ifup-ppp network-functions ifdown-bnep ifdown-routes ifup-ippp ifup-routes network-functions-ipv6 ifdown-eth ifdown-sit ifup-ipv6 ifup-sit ifdown-ippp ifdown-tunnel ifup-isdn ifup-tunnel ifdown-ipv6 ifup ifup-plip ifup-wireless
Ka anyị chee na anyị chọrọ ịmepụta oghere mebere atọ ọzọ iji jikọta adreesị IP atọ (172.16.16.126, 172.16.16.127, na 172.16.16.128) na NIC. Yabụ, anyị kwesịrị imepụta faịlụ utu aha atọ ọzọ, ebe “ifcfg-eth0” na-edobe otu adreesị IP mbụ ahụ. Nke a bụ ka anyị na-aga n'ihu ịtọlite aha aha atọ iji kechie adreesị IP ndị a.
Adapter IP Address Type ------------------------------------------------- eth0 172.16.16.125 Primary eth0:0 172.16.16.126 Alias 1 eth0:1 172.16.16.127 Alias 2 eth0:2 172.16.16.128 Alias 3
Ebe “:X” bụ nọmba ngwaọrụ (interface) iji mepụta utu aha maka interface eth0. Maka utu aha ọ bụla, ị ga-ekenye nọmba n'usoro. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị na-eṅomi paramita dị ugbu a nke interface ifcfg-eth0 na oghere mebere nke a na-akpọ ifcfg-eth0:0, ifcfg-eth0:1 na ifcfg-eth0:2. Banye na ndekọ netwọkụ wee mepụta faịlụ dịka egosiri n'okpuru.
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:0 # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:1 # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:2
Mepee faịlụ ifcfg-eth0 wee lelee ọdịnaya.
vi ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE="eth0" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.125 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
N'ebe a, anyị chọrọ naanị parampat abụọ (ngwaọrụ na IPADDR). Ya mere, mepee faịlụ ọ bụla na onye nchịkọta akụkọ VI wee nyegharịa aha ngwaọrụ na utu aha ya kwekọrọ wee gbanwee adreesị IPADDR. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mepee faịlụ ifcfg-eth0: 0, ifcfg-eth0: 1 na ifcfg-eth0: 2 site na iji nchịkọta VI wee gbanwee ma paramita ahụ. N'ikpeazụ ọ ga-adị ka n'okpuru.
DEVICE="eth0:0" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.126 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
DEVICE="eth0:1" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.127 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
DEVICE="eth0:2" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.128 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
Ozugbo, ịmeela mgbanwe niile, chekwaa mgbanwe gị niile wee malitegharịa/malite ọrụ netwọk ka mgbanwe ndị ahụ tụgharịa.
/etc/init.d/network restart
Iji nyochaa aha aha niile (virtual interface) na-arụ ọrụ, ị nwere ike iji iwu ip.
ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.125 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:237 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:198 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:25429 (24.8 KiB) TX bytes:26910 (26.2 KiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.126 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.127 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.128 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000Ping onye ọ bụla n'ime ha si dị iche iche igwe. Ọ bụrụ na hazie ihe niile nke ọma, ị ga-enweta nzaghachi ping n'aka nke ọ bụla n'ime ha.
ping 172.16.16.126 ping 172.16.16.127 ping 172.16.16.128
ping 172.16.16.126 PING 172.16.16.126 (172.16.16.126) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.126 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms ping 172.16.16.127 PING 172.16.16.127 (172.16.16.127) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.127 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms ping 172.16.16.128 PING 172.16.16.128 (172.16.16.128) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.128 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms
Ọ dị ka ihe niile na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, Site na IP ọhụrụ ndị a, ị nwere ike ịtọlite saịtị mebere na Apache, akaụntụ FTP na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ.
Kenye otutu Adreesị IP nso
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịmepụta ọtụtụ adreesị IP na otu interface a na-akpọ ifcfg-eth0, anyị na-eji ifcfg-eth0-range0 ma detuo ihe nwere ifcfg-eth0 na ya dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp -p ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0-range0
Ugbu a mepee faịlụ ifcfg-eth0-range0 wee tinye IPADDR_START na IPADDR_END adreesị IP dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
vi ifcfg-eth0-range0 #DEVICE="eth0" #BOOTPROTO=none #NM_CONTROLLED="yes" #ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR_START=172.16.16.126 IPADDR_END=172.16.16.130 IPV6INIT=no #GATEWAY=172.16.16.100
Chekwa ya wee malitegharịa/malite ọrụ netwọk
/etc/init.d/network restart
Nyochaa na ejiri adreesị IP mebere oghere mebere.
ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.125 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1385 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1249 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:127317 (124.3 KiB) TX bytes:200787 (196.0 KiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.126 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.127 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.128 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.129 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.130 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere nsogbu ọ bụla na nhazi, biko biputere ajụjụ gị na ngalaba nkọwa.