Ike nke Linux History Command na Bash Shell
Anyị na-eji akụkọ ihe mere eme iwu ugboro ugboro n'ọrụ anyị na-eme kwa ụbọchị iji lelee akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iwu ma ọ bụ nweta ozi gbasara iwu nke onye ọrụ mebere. Na post a, anyị ga-ahụ ka anyị nwere ike isi jiri iwu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọma wepụta iwu nke ndị ọrụ gburu na Bash shell. Nke a nwere ike ịba uru maka ebumnuche nyocha ma ọ bụ chọpụta iwu e mere n'ụbọchị na oge.
Site na ụbọchị ndabara na stampụ oge agaghị ahụ mgbe ị na-eme iwu akụkọ ihe mere eme. Agbanyeghị, bash shei na-enye ngwaọrụ CLI maka edezi akụkọ iwu onye ọrụ. Ka anyị hụ ụfọdụ ndụmọdụ na aghụghọ na ike nke iwu akụkọ.
1. Depụta iwu ikpeazụ/niile emegburu na Linux
Ime iwu akụkọ dị mfe site na ọdụ ga-egosi gị ndepụta zuru oke nke iwu emechara ikpeazụ nwere nọmba ahịrị.
[[email ~]$ history 1 PS1='\e[1;35m[\[email \h \w]$ \e[m ' 2 PS1="\e[0;32m[\[email \h \W]$ \e[m " 3 PS1="\[email \h:\w [\j]$ " 4 ping google.com 5 echo $PS1 6 tail -f /var/log/messages 7 tail -f /var/log/messages 8 exit 9 clear 10 history 11 clear 12 history
2. Depụta iwu niile na ụbọchị na akara oge
Otu esi achọta ụbọchị na timestamp megide iwu? Iji ‘bupu’ iwu nwere mgbanwe ga-egosipụta iwu akụkọ ihe mere eme na timestamp kwekọrọ mgbe emechara iwu ahụ.
[[email ~]$ export HISTTIMEFORMAT='%F %T ' 1 2013-06-09 10:40:12 cat /etc/issue 2 2013-06-09 10:40:12 clear 3 2013-06-09 10:40:12 find /etc -name *.conf 4 2013-06-09 10:40:12 clear 5 2013-06-09 10:40:12 history 6 2013-06-09 10:40:12 PS1='\e[1;35m[\[email \h \w]$ \e[m ' 7 2013-06-09 10:40:12 PS1="\e[0;32m[\[email \h \W]$ \e[m " 8 2013-06-09 10:40:12 PS1="\[email \h:\w [\j]$ " 9 2013-06-09 10:40:12 ping google.com 10 2013-06-09 10:40:12 echo $PS1
%F Equivalent to %Y - %m - %d %T Replaced by the time ( %H : %M : %S )
3. Filter Iwu na History
Dịka anyị nwere ike ịhụ otu iwu ka a na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na mmepụta n'elu. Otu esi enyocha iwu dị mfe ma ọ bụ na-adịghị emebi emebi na akụkọ ntolite?. Jiri iwu 'bupu' na-esote site na ịkọwa iwu na HISTIGNORE='ls -l:pwd:date:' agaghị echekwa ya site na sistemụ ma ghara igosi ya na iwu akụkọ ihe mere eme.
[[email ~]$ export HISTIGNORE='ls -l:pwd:date:'
4. Ileghara iwu oyiri na akụkọ ihe mere eme
Iji iwu dị n'okpuru ga-enyere anyị aka ileghara ntinye iwu oyiri mere site n'aka onye ọrụ. Naanị otu ntinye ka a ga-egosi na akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ bụrụ na onye ọrụ na-eme otu iwu ọtụtụ oge na Bash Prompt.
[[email ~]$ export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
5. Ewepụghị iwu mbupụ
Tọgharia iwu mbupụ na ofufe. Mezue unset mbupụ iwu n'otu n'otu n'otu n'otu iwu ọ bụla ebupụrụ site na iwu bupu.
[[email ~]$ unset export HISTCONTROL
6. Chekwaa iwu mbupụ na-adịgide adịgide
Tinye ntinye dịka ndị a na .bash_profile iji chekwaa iwu bupu kpamkpam.
[[email ~]$ vi .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin export PATH
7. Depụta iwu ndị egburu nke onye ọrụ akọwapụtara
Otu esi ahụ akụkọ iwu nke otu onye ọrụ gburu. Bash na-edobe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na faịlụ '~/.bash_history'. Anyị nwere ike ịlele ma ọ bụ mepee faịlụ ka ịhụ akụkọ iwu.
[[email ~]$ vi .bash_history cd /tmp/ cd logstalgia-1.0.3/ ./configure sudo passwd root apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libpcre3-dev libftgl-dev libpng12-dev libjpeg62-dev make gcc ./configure make apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libpcre3-dev libftgl-dev libpng12-dev libjpeg62-dev make gcc++ apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libpcre3-dev libftgl-dev libpng12-dev libjpeg62-dev make gcc apt-get install make mysql -u root -p apt-get install grsync apt-get install unison unison
8. Gbanyụọ Ịchekwa Akụkọ Iwu
Ụfọdụ nzukọ anaghị edebe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iwu n'ihi amụma nchekwa nke nzukọ a. N'okwu a, anyị nwere ike dezie faịlụ .bash_profile (Ọ bụ faịlụ zoro ezo) nke onye ọrụ wee tinye ntinye dịka n'okpuru.
[[email ~]$ vi .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin HISTSIZE=0 export PATH .bash_profile (END)
Chekwaa faịlụ na ibu mgbanwe site na iwu dị n'okpuru.
[[email ~]$ source .bash_profile
Rịba ama: Ọ bụrụ na ịchọghị ka sistemụ cheta iwu ndị ị denyere, mebie iwu dị n'okpuru nke ga-ewepụ ma ọ bụ kwụsị ịdekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ofufe.
[[email ~]$ export HISTSIZE=0
Ndụmọdụ: Chọọ 'HISTSIZE' wee dezie na faịlụ '/etc/profile' na onye njikwa. Mgbanwe na faịlụ ga-emetụta ụwa niile.
9. Hichapụ ma ọ bụ kpochapụ akụkọ iwu
Site na ụta elu na ala, anyị nwere ike ịhụ iwu ejiriburu nke nwere ike inye aka ma ọ bụ nwee ike kpasuo gị iwe. Na-ehichapụ ma ọ bụ na-ehichapụ ndenye niile na listi akụkọ ihe mere eme bash na nhọrọ '-c'.
[[email ~]$ history -c
10. Chọọ iwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme Iji Grep Command
Chọọ iwu site na '.bash_history' site na ịpịnye faịlụ akụkọ gị n'ime 'grep' dị ka n'okpuru. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu dị n'okpuru ga-achọ ma chọta iwu 'pwd' site na listi akụkọ ihe mere eme.
[[email ~]$ history | grep pwd 113 2013-06-09 10:40:12 pwd 141 2013-06-09 10:40:12 pwd 198 2013-06-09 15:46:23 history | grep pwd 202 2013-06-09 15:47:39 history | grep pwd
11. Chọọ N'ikpeazụ E Mezuru Iwu
Jiri iwu 'Ctrl+r' chọọ iwu emeburu. Ozugbo ịchọtara iwu ị na-achọ, pịa 'Tinye'iji mee otu ihe ahụ ọzọ pịa'esc'kagbuo ya.
(reverse-i-search)`source ': source .bash_profile
12. Cheta Iwu Egburu Ikpeazụ
Cheta otu iwu ejiribu mee ihe. Ngwakọta iwu Bang na 8 (!8) ga-echeta iwu nọmba 8 nke ị meworo.
[[email ~]$ !8
13. Cheta iwu akọwapụtara nke ọma
Cheta iwu ejiribu (netstat -np | grep 22) ya na '!' wee soro ụfọdụ mkpụrụedemede nke otu iwu ahụ.
[[email ~]$ !net netstat -np | grep 22 (No info could be read for "-p": geteuid()=501 but you should be root.) tcp 0 68 192.168.50.2:22 192.168.50.1:1857 ESTABLISHED - tcp 0 0 192.168.50.2:22 192.168.50.1:2516 ESTABLISHED - unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 12284 - @/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 14522 - unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 13622 - unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 12250 - @/var/run/hald/dbus-ujAjOMNa0g unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 12249 - unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 12228 - /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 12227 -
Anyị agbalịwo igosi ike nke iwu akụkọ ihe mere eme. Agbanyeghị, nke a abụghị njedebe ya. Biko kesaa ahụmịhe gị gbasara iwu akụkọ ihe mere eme site na igbe nkọwa anyị n'okpuru.