Ịmepụta sava weebụ nke gị na Bochum Weebụsaịtị sitere na igbe Linux gị

Ọtụtụ n'ime unu ga-abụ onye mmemme webụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime unu nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi webụsaịtị na ha ga na-edezi ma na-emelite ya ugboro ugboro. Ọ bụ ezie na ole na ole na-enweghị ezigbo ihe ọmụma nke teknụzụ weebụ ka ga-eme atụmatụ inwe otu.

Site na edemede a, m ga-eme ka ị mara ka ị ga-esi zụlite ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na-arụ ọrụ na obere ihe ọmụma ma nwee ike ịnweta ya site na iji igbe Linux gị. Ihe nwere ike ịdị mfe dị ka nke ahụ.

Ihe achọrọ:

Igbe Linux (Agbanyeghị, Ị nwere ike iji Windows mana ihe agaghị adị mfe ma zuo oke dịka ọ ga-adị na Linux Machine, ejirila Debian ebe a dịka ọmụmaatụ). Ọ bụrụ na ị nweghị sistemụ arụmọrụ arụnyere, ma ọ bụ na ị maghị ka esi etinye sistemụ arụmọrụ Linux, yabụ ebe a bụ ntuziaka ole na ole na-egosi gị otu esi etinye sistemụ arụmọrụ Linux.

  • Otu esi etinye Debian 10 (Buster) nke pere mpe
  • Otu esi etinye sava Ubuntu 20.04
  • Nwụnye \CentOS 8.0″ nwere nseta ihuenyo

Apache, PHP, na MySQL (inwe ihe ọmụma ngwa ngwa nke SQL ọ bụla ọzọ, ị nwere ike iji ya mana ihe atụ na isiokwu ahụ ga-eji MySQL.

  • Otu esi etinye LAMP na sava Debian 10
  • Etu esi etinye Stack LAMP na Ubuntu 20.04
  • Otu esi etinye sava LAMP na CentOS 8

Usoro njikwa ọdịnaya - Drupal na KompoZer, ma ọ bụ ị nwere ike iji WordPress ma ọ bụ Joomla.(Ma ebe a, m na-eji Drupal dị ka m Content Management System (CMS)).

  • Otu esi etinye WordPress n'akụkụ LAMP na Debian 10
  • Otu esi etinye WordPress na Apache na Ubuntu 20.04
  • Wụnye WordPress 5 na Apache, MariaDB 10, na PHP 7 na CentOS 8/7

  • Otu esi etinye Drupal na Debian 10
  • Otu esi etinye Drupal na Ubuntu
  • Otu esi etinye Drupal na CentOS 8

  • Otu esi etinye Joomla na Debian 10
  • Otu esi etinye Joomla na Ubuntu
  • Otu esi etinye Joomla na CentOS 8

Ịtọlite webserver na Bochum Weebụsaịtị na Linux

Njikọ Ịntanetị na Static IP (Achọrọ) ejikọrọ site na modem nwere ebe obibi mebere (N'eziokwu ọ bụghị mgbagwoju anya dị ka ọ na-ada ebe a).

Apache bụ mmemme sava weebụ. Ọ na-abịa arụnyere na ahaziri na ọtụtụ n'ime Sistemụ. Lelee ma etinyere ya na sistemụ gị ma ọ bụ na etinyeghị ya.

# apt-cache policy apache2 (On Debian based OS)
apache2:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2.4.38-3+deb10u3
  Version table:
     2.4.38-3+deb10u3 500
        500 http://httpredir.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
     2.4.38-3 -1
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.4.25-3+deb9u9 500
        500 http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates/main amd64 Packages

# yum search httpd (On Red Hat based OS)
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ftp.iitm.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.smartmedia.net.id
 * extras: ftp.iitm.ac.in
 * updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in
Installed Packages
httpd.i686	2.2.15-28.el6.centos	@updates

Site na mmepụta dị n'elu, o doro anya na arụnyere Apache na igbe ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n'ọnọdụ gị ị nwere ike 'apt' ma ọ bụ 'yum' ngwugwu achọrọ. Ozugbo arụnyere Apache, malite ya dị ka.

# apt-get install apache2 (On Debian based OS)
# service apache2 start
# yum install httpd (On Red Hat based OS)
# service httpd start

Mara: Ị nwere ike pịnye 'httpd' ọ bụghị 'apache' na ụfọdụ ihe nkesa Viz., RHEL. Ozugbo a malitere ihe nkesa 'apache2' ma ọ bụ 'http' aka 'httpd' ị nwere ike ịlele ya na ihe nchọgharị gị site na ịga na njikọ ndị a ọ bụla.

http://127.0.0.1
http://localhost
http://your-ip-address

Njikọ a ga-emeghe n'ime ibe akwadoro nke pụtara Apache arụnyerela nke ọma wee malite.

MySQL bụ mmemme nkesa nchekwa data. Ọ na-abịa juputara na ọtụtụ distros. Lelee ma etinyere ya na sistemụ gị ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị yana ebe etinyere ya.

# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /etc/mysql /usr/lib/mysql /usr/bin/X11/mysql /usr/share/mysql 
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz

Site na mmepụta dị n'elu, o doro anya na etinyere MySQL yana ebe faịlụ ọnụọgụ abụọ. Ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị ya, mee 'apt' ma ọ bụ 'yum' ka ịwụnye ya wee malite ya.

# apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client (On Debian based OS)
# service mysql start
# yum install mariadb-server mariadb-client (On Red Hat based OS)
# service mariadb start

Mara: Ị nwere ike pịnye \mysqld n'ọnọdụ mysql, n'ụzọ doro anya na-enweghị nkwuputa, na ụfọdụ distro viz., RHEL. Lelee ọnọdụ nke MySQL, na-agba ọsọ.

# service mysql status (On Debian based OS)
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.3.23 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2020-01-08 01:05:32 EST; 1min 42s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
  Process: 2540 ExecStartPost=/etc/mysql/debian-start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2537 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2457 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`cd /usr/bin/..; /usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ]   && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_STAR
  Process: 2452 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2450 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2506 (mysqld)
   Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
    Tasks: 30 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           └─2506 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Ihe mmepụta a dị n'elu na-egosi na MySQL na-agba ọsọ maka 11 min 58 sec.

PHP bụ asụsụ scripting n'akụkụ ihe nkesa emebere maka mmepe webụ ma a na-ejikarị ya dị ka asụsụ mmemme ebumnuche izugbe. Naanị ị ga-ebuga php script mgbe ị wụnyechara php. Dịka m kwuru n'elu jiri 'apt' ma ọ bụ 'yum' iji wụnye ngwugwu achọrọ maka igbe gị.

# apt-get install php php-mysql (On Debian based OS)
# yum install php php-mysqlnd (On Red Hat based OS)

Ọ bụrụ na itinye php nke ọma na sistemụ gị, ị nwere ike ịlele ma ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma ọ bụ na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ site na ịmepụta faịlụ \info.php na ndekọ '/var/www/html' ma ọ bụ '/var/www' ndekọ (nke bụ akwụkwọ ndekọ Apache gị) yana ọdịnaya enyere n'okpuru.

<?php

     phpinfo ();
?>

Ugbu a gaa na ihe nchọgharị gị wee pịnye nke ọ bụla n'ime njikọ ndị a.

http://127.0.0.1/info.php
http://localhost/info.php
http://your-ip-address/info.php

Nke pụtara php arụnyere na arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ugbu a ị nwere ike wulite webụsaịtị gị na ndekọ Apache gị, agbanyeghị, ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka ọ dị mma ịmalitegharị wiil ugboro ugboro.

Maka nke a, enwere usoro njikwa ọdịnaya (CMF), ya bụ, Drupal, Joomla, WordPress. Ị nwere ike ibudata usoro kachasị ọhụrụ site na njikọ dị n'okpuru ebe a ma nwee ike iji nke ọ bụla n'ime usoro ndị a, agbanyeghị, anyị ga-eji Drupal na ihe atụ anyị.

  • Drupal: https://drupal.org/project/drupal
  • Joomla: http://www.joomla.org/download.html
  • WordPress: http://wordpress.org/download/

Budata Drupal site na njikọ dị n'elu nke ga-abụ ebe nchekwa tar. Bugharịa ebe nchekwa tar na ndekọ Apache gị '/var/www/html' ma ọ bụ '/var/www'. Wepụ ya na mgbọrọgwụ nke ndekọ apache. Ebe 'x.xx' ga-abụ nọmba ụdị.

# mv drupal-x.xx.tar.gz /var/www/ (mv to Apache root directory)
# cd /var/www/ (change working directory)
# tar -zxvf drupal-7.22.tar.gz (extract the archieve)
# cd drupal-7.22 (Move to the extracted folder)
# cp * -R /var/www/ (Copy the extracted archieve to apache directory)

Ọ bụrụ na ihe niile na-aga nke ọma, mepee ihe nchọgharị gị ọzọ wee gaa na njikọ dị n'okpuru ebe a ga-ekele gị.

http://127.0.0.1
http://localhost
http://your-ip-address

Họrọ ntọala asụsụ gị.

Na-enyocha ihe achọrọ yana ikike faịlụ. Nye ikike nke ọma na faịlụ na nchekwa achọrọ. Ị nwere ike iji aka gị mepụta ụfọdụ faịlụ, nke na-abụghị nnukwu ihe.

Ntọala database, usoro azụ azụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ntọala nchekwa data na-aga, a na-etinye profaịlụ zuru oke na-akpaghị aka.

Nhazi pụtara ịtọ 'Aha saịtị', 'Email', 'Aha njirimara', 'Paswọdu', 'Oge Mpaghara', wdg.

Ma ọ bụrụ na ihe niile na-aga nke ọma, ị ga-enweta ihuenyo ihe dị ka nke a.

Mepee ibe gị site n'ịtụ aka na adreesị http://127.0.0.1.

Hụrụ!!!

Kompozer bụ ngwá ọrụ na-enye gị ohere ịrụ ọrụ na GUI maka ịmepụta weebụsaịtị na HTML ma ị nwere ike itinye ederede php ebe ọ bụla ịchọrọ. Kompozer mere ka ọ dị mfe ịmepụta ibe weebụ.

  1. Kompozer: http://www.kompozer.net/download.php

nke ọma, ịkwesighi ịwụnye ya na ọtụtụ sistemụ Linux. Naanị budata, wepụ ma mee Kompozer.

Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ihe okike, kompozer dị maka gị.

Okwu ole na ole gbasara adreesị Internet Protocol (IP).

http://127.0.0.1

A na-akpọkarị ya loopback adreesị IP ma ọ bụ localhost, ọ na-atụkwa aka mgbe niile na igwe a na-achọgharị ya. Igwe niile dị na netwọk na-ezo aka na adreesị dị n'elu ga-alaghachi azụ na igwe nke ya.

Ipconfig/ifconfig: Gbaa nke a na ọdụ gị ka ịmata adreesị mpaghara igwe gị.

# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr **:**:**:**:**:**  
          inet addr:192.168.1.2  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0 
          inet6 addr: ****::****:****:****:****/** Scope:Link 
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1 
          RX packets:107991 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 
          TX packets:95076 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:76328395 (72.7 MiB)  TX bytes:20797849 (19.8 MiB) 
          Interrupt:20 Memory:f7100000-f7120000

Chọọ maka inet addr:192.168.1.2 ebe a 192.168.1.2 is my local IP. Kọmputa ọ bụla dị na LAN gị gụnyere ị nwere ike zoo aka na ibe weebụ gị na-eji adreesị a.

Agbanyeghị, kọmpụta na-abụghị LAN agaghị enwe ike iji adreesị IP a nweta ibe weebụ gị. Ị ga-ajụ onye na-ahụ maka ịntanetị gị ka ọ nye gị IP static (Nke ahụ anaghị agbanwe ka oge na-aga). Ozugbo ị nwetara adreesị IP gị static, ụzọ kachasị mfe iji chọta IP gị bụ ịpịnye \My IP bụ na google wee detuo nsonaazụ ya.

Ị gaghị enwe ike ịnweta IP a site na igwe nke gị ma ọ bụ igwe ọ bụla ọzọ dị na LAN gị. Otú ọ dị, ịnwere ike iji ihe nkesa proxy (www.kproxy.com) iji nweta ibe gị kwadoro site na iji IP gị static. Mana tupu nke ahụ, ịkwesịrị ịtọlite sava mebere na onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ gị ga-enyere aka na nke a.

Hmmm! Nke ahụ esighị ike ma ọlị. Nke mbụ, ịkwesịrị ịma ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri apache na-eji, nke n'ọtụtụ ikpe bụ 80.

# netstat -tulpn

mmepụta ga-abụ ihe dị ka:

tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      6169/apache2

Ugbu a gaa na rawụta gị nke na-abụkarị http://192.168.1.1 na aha njirimara/paswọdu ga-abụ admin-admin, agbanyeghị, ọ nwere ike ịdị iche na nke gị dabere na ndị na-eweta ọrụ na mpaghara.

Ọzọ, gaa na Virtual sava tab. Dejupụta nọmba ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, aha ọrụ na adreesị IP mpaghara, gwa ma chekwaa. Rịọ maka enyemaka n'aka ISP gị.

Cheta na ị ga-enwe ike ịnweta sava weebụ a site na igwe gị, igwe ọ bụla ọzọ dị na LAN gị, ma ọ bụ kọmputa dị na ịntanetị mgbe igwe gị dị elu na-agba ọsọ MySQL na Apache n'otu oge.

Site n'ike dị ukwuu, nnukwu ọrụ na-abịa. Ma ugbu a ọ bụ ọrụ gị ichekwa igwe gị. Enyela onye ọ bụla amabeghị adreesị IP gị ruo mgbe ị maara ụzọ ị ga-esi banye na ọpụpụ.

Anyị ga-agbalị n'ezie ikpuchi okwu ndị metụtara nchekwa na otu esi echekwa ya. Enwere onwe gị ịnye nkọwa gị bara uru ma kesaa ndị enyi gị. Ị maara 'Ịkekọrịta bụ Nlekọta'. Okwu gị dị mma na-agba anyị ume ma na-akpali anyị.