Ihe atụ 20 bara uru nke Iwu RPM na Linux

RPM (Onye njikwa ngwugwu uhie uhie) bụ isi mmalite mepere emepe yana akụrụngwa njikwa ngwugwu ama ama maka sistemụ Red Hat dị ka (RHEL, CentOS na Fedora). Ngwá ọrụ ahụ na-enye ndị na-ahụ maka sistemụ na ndị ọrụ ohere ịwụnye, melite, iwepụ, jụọ ajụjụ, nyochaa na jikwaa ngwungwu ngwanrọ sistemu na sistemụ arụmọrụ Unix/Linux. RPM nke a na-akpọbu faịlụ .rpm, nke gụnyere mmemme sọftụwia achịkọtara na ọba akwụkwọ ndị ngwungwu chọrọ. Ngwa a na-arụ ọrụ naanị na ngwugwu wuru na usoro .rpm.

Edemede a na-enye ụfọdụ ihe atụ iwu 20 RPM bara uru nke nwere ike ịbara gị uru. Site n'enyemaka nke iwu rpm ndị a ị nwere ike ijikwa wụnye, melite, wepụ ngwugwu na sistemụ Linux gị.

Ụfọdụ eziokwu gbasara RPM (RedHat Package Manager)

  1. RPM bụ n'efu ma wepụta ya n'okpuru GPL (General Public License).
  2. RPM na-edobe ozi nke ngwugwu niile arụnyere n'okpuru /var/lib/rpm nchekwa data.
  3. RPM bụ naanị ụzọ isi wụnye ngwugwu n'okpuru sistemụ Linux, ọ bụrụ na i tinyela ngwugwu site na iji koodu iyi, yabụ rpm agaghị ejikwa ya.
  4. RPM na-emeso faịlụ .rpm, nke nwere ozi gbasara ngwungwu ndị dị ka: ihe ọ bụ, ebe o si abịa, ozi dabere, ozi ụdị wdg.

Enwere usoro isi ise maka iwu RPM

  1. Wụnye : A na-eji ya wụnye ngwugwu RPM ọ bụla.
  2. Wepụ : A na-eji ihichapụ, wepụ ma ọ bụ wepụ ya ngwungwu RPM ọ bụla.
  3. Nwelite: A na-eji emelite ngwugwu RPM dị ugbu a.
  4. Nyochaa: A na-eji ya nyochaa ngwungwu RPM.
  5. Ajụjụ : A na-eji ya jụọ ngwungwu RPM ọ bụla.

Ebe ịchọta ngwugwu RPM

N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta saịtị rpm, ebe ị nwere ike ịchọta na budata ngwugwu RPM niile.

  1. http://rpmfind.net
  2. http://www.redhat.com
  3. http://freshrpms.net/
  4. http://rpm.pbone.net/

Gụkwuo :

  1. 20 YUM Ihe atụ Iwu na Linux
  2. 10 Wget Command Example in Linux
  3. 30 Iwu Linux kacha baa uru maka ndị nchịkwa sistemụ

Biko cheta na ị ga-abụrịrị onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ mgbe ị na-etinye ngwugwu na Linux, yana ikike mgbọrọgwụ ị nwere ike ijikwa iwu rpm na nhọrọ ha kwesịrị ekwesị.

1. Otu esi elele ngwugwu mbinye aka RPM

Lelee mbinye aka PGP mgbe niile tupu ịwụnye ha na sistemụ Linux gị wee hụ na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na mmalite ya dị mma. Jiri iwu a na -checksig (chee mbinye aka) nhọrọ iji lelee mbinye aka nke ngwugwu a na-akpọ pidgin.

 rpm --checksig pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm

pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK

2. Otu esi etinye ngwugwu RPM

Maka ịwụnye ngwungwu ngwanrọ rpm, jiri iwu na-esonụ nwere nhọrọ -i. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịwụnye ngwugwu rpm akpọrọ pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm.

 rpm -ivh pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:pidgin                 ########################################### [100%]

  1. -i : wụnye ngwugwu
  2. -v : verbose maka ihe ngosi kacha mma
  3. -h: bipụta akara hash ka ewepụghị ebe nchekwa ngwugwu.

3. Otu esi elele ndabere nke ngwugwu RPM tupu wụnye

Ka anyị kwuo na ị ga-achọ ime nlele ndabere tupu ịwụnye ma ọ bụ kwalite ngwugwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, jiri iwu na-esonụ ka ịlele ndabere nke ngwugwu BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm. Ọ ga-egosipụta ndepụta ndabere nke ngwugwu.

 rpm -qpR BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm

/usr/bin/python2.4
python >= 2.3
python(abi) = 2.4
python-crypto >= 2.0
python-psyco
python-twisted >= 2.0
python-zopeinterface
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) = 2.6

  1. -q : Jụọ ngwugwu
  2. -p : Ndepụta ikike ngwungwu a na-enye.
  3. -R: Ndepụta ikike nke ngwugwu a dabere na ya..

4. Otu esi etinye ngwugwu RPM na-enweghị ndabere

Ọ bụrụ na ịmara na etinyelarị ngwugwu niile achọrọ yana RPM bụ naanị nzuzu, ị nwere ike ileghara ịdabere na ya anya site na iji nhọrọ -nodeps (enweghị nlele ndabere) tupu ịwụnye ngwugwu ahụ.

 rpm -ivh --nodeps BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:BitTorrent             ########################################### [100%]

Iwu a dị n'elu wụnye ngwugwu rpm ike site na ileghara njehie dabere, mana ọ bụrụ na faịlụ ndabere ndị ahụ na-efu, mgbe ahụ mmemme ahụ agaghị arụ ọrụ ma ọlị, ruo mgbe ị wụnye ha.

5. Otu esi elele ngwugwu RPM arụnyere

Iji nhọrọ -q nwere aha ngwugwu, ga-egosi ma arụnyere rpm ma ọ bụ na etinyeghị ya.

 rpm -q BitTorrent

BitTorrent-5.2.2-1.noarch

6. Otu esi edepụta faịlụ niile nke ngwugwu RPM arụnyere

Ka ilele faịlụ niile nke ngwugwu rpm arụnyere, jiri -ql (ndepụta ajụjụ) na iwu rpm.

 rpm -ql BitTorrent

/usr/bin/bittorrent
/usr/bin/bittorrent-console
/usr/bin/bittorrent-curses
/usr/bin/bittorrent-tracker
/usr/bin/changetracker-console
/usr/bin/launchmany-console
/usr/bin/launchmany-curses
/usr/bin/maketorrent
/usr/bin/maketorrent-console
/usr/bin/torrentinfo-console

7. Otu esi edepụta ngwugwu RPM arụnyere na nso nso a

Jiri iwu rpm na-esonụ na -qa (ajụjụ niile) nhọrọ, ga-edepụta ngwugwu rpm niile arụnyere nso nso a.

 rpm -qa --last

BitTorrent-5.2.2-1.noarch                     Tue 04 Dec 2012 05:14:06 PM BDT
pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686                     Tue 04 Dec 2012 05:13:51 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-devel-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686       Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:06 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686             Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:05 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-md5-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686         Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:04 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-plain-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686       Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:03 PM BDT

8. Otu esi edepụta ngwugwu RPM niile arụnyere

Pịnye iwu na-esonụ ka ibipụta aha niile nke ngwugwu arụnyere na sistemụ Linux gị.

 rpm -qa

initscripts-9.03.31-2.el6.centos.i686
polkit-desktop-policy-0.96-2.el6_0.1.noarch
thunderbird-17.0-1.el6.remi.i686

9. Otu esi kwalite ngwugwu RPM

Ọ bụrụ na anyị chọrọ ịkwalite ngwungwu RPM ọ bụla -U (mmelite) ga-eji nhọrọ. Otu n'ime uru ndị bụ isi nke iji nhọrọ a bụ na ọ bụghị naanị ịkwalite ụdị ngwugwu ọ bụla, kamakwa ọ ga-edobe nkwado ndabere nke ngwugwu ochie ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ngwugwu nkwalite ọhụrụ anaghị arụ ọrụ nke arụnyere na mbụ. enwere ike iji ya ọzọ.

 rpm -Uvh nx-3.5.0-2.el6.centos.i686.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:nx                     ########################################### [100%]

10. Otu esi ewepu ngwugwu RPM

Iji wụnye ngwugwu RPM, dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị na-eji aha ngwugwu nx, ọ bụghị aha ngwugwu mbụ nx-3.5.0-2.el6.centos.i686.rpm. A na-eji nhọrọ -e (ehichapụ) wepụ ngwugwu.

 rpm -evv nx

11. Otu esi ewepu ngwugwu RPM na-enweghị ndabere

Nhọrọ -nodeps (Elelela ndabere) na-ewepụ ngwungwu rpm n'ike na sistemụ. Mana buru n'uche iwepụ otu ngwugwu nwere ike imebi ngwa ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ.

 rpm -ev --nodeps vsftpd

12. Otu esi ajuju faịlụ nke nwere ngwugwu RPM

Ka anyị kwuo, ị nwere ndepụta faịlụ ma ị ga-achọ ịchọpụta ngwugwu nke faịlụ ndị a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu na-esonụ nwere -qf (faịlụ ajụjụ) nhọrọ ga-egosi gị faịlụ /usr/bin/htpasswd bụ nke ngwugwu httpd-tools-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.i686.

 rpm -qf /usr/bin/htpasswd

httpd-tools-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.i686

13. Otu esi ajuju ozi nke ngwugwu RPM arụnyere

Ka anyị kwuo na ị wụnyela ngwugwu rpm ma chọọ ịmata ozi gbasara ngwugwu ahụ. Nhọrọ -qi (ajụjụ ajụjụ) na-esote ga-ebipụta ozi dị nke ngwugwu arụnyere.

 rpm -qi vsftpd

Name        : vsftpd				   Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 2.2.2				   Vendor: CentOS
Release     : 11.el6				   Build Date: Fri 22 Jun 2012 01:54:24 PM BDT
Install Date: Mon 17 Sep 2012 07:55:28 PM BDT      Build Host: c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org
Group       : System Environment/Daemons           Source RPM: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6.src.rpm
Size        : 351932                               License: GPLv2 with exceptions
Signature   : RSA/SHA1, Mon 25 Jun 2012 04:07:34 AM BDT, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
URL         : http://vsftpd.beasts.org/
Summary     : Very Secure Ftp Daemon
Description :
vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from
scratch.

14. Nweta ozi nke ngwugwu RPM Tupu ịwụnye

Ị budatala ngwugwu site na ịntanetị ma chọọ ịmata ozi nke ngwugwu tupu ịwụnye. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nhọrọ na-esonụ -qip (ngwugwu ozi ajụjụ) ga-ebipụta ozi nke ngwugwu sqlbuddy.

 rpm -qip sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.noarch.rpm

Name        : sqlbuddy                     Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 1.3.3                        Vendor: (none)
Release     : 1                            Build Date: Wed 02 Nov 2011 11:01:21 PM BDT
Install Date: (not installed)              Build Host: rpm.bar.baz
Group       : Applications/Internet        Source RPM: sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.src.rpm
Size        : 1155804                      License: MIT
Signature   : (none)
Packager    : Erik M Jacobs
URL         : http://www.sqlbuddy.com/
Summary     : SQL Buddy â Web based MySQL administration
Description :
SQLBuddy is a PHP script that allows for web-based MySQL administration.

15. Otu esi ajuju akwukwo nke ngwugwu RPM arụnyere

Iji nweta ndepụta akwụkwọ dịnụ nke ngwugwu arụnyere, jiri iwu na-esonụ nwere nhọrọ -qdf (faịlụ akwụkwọ ajụjụ) ga-egosipụta ibe akwụkwọ ntuziaka metụtara ngwugwu vmstat.

 rpm -qdf /usr/bin/vmstat

/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/BUGS
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/COPYING.LIB
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/NEWS
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/TODO

16. Otu esi enyocha ngwugwu RPM

Ịchọpụta ngwungwu na-atụnyere ozi nke faịlụ arụnyere nke ngwugwu ahụ megide nchekwa data rpm. A na-eji -Vp (ngwugwu nyochaa) iji nyochaa ngwugwu.

 rpm -Vp sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.noarch.rpm

S.5....T.  c /etc/httpd/conf.d/sqlbuddy.conf

17. Otu esi enyocha ngwugwu RPM niile

Pịnye iwu na-esonụ iji nyochaa ngwungwu rpm niile arụnyere.

 rpm -Va

S.5....T.  c /etc/rc.d/rc.local
.......T.  c /etc/dnsmasq.conf
.......T.    /etc/ld.so.conf.d/kernel-2.6.32-279.5.2.el6.i686.conf
S.5....T.  c /etc/yum.conf
S.5....T.  c /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

18. Otu esi ebubata igodo RPM GPG

Iji nyochaa ngwungwu RHEL/CentOS/Fedora, ị ga-ebubata igodo GPG. Iji mee nke a, mebie iwu a. Ọ ga-ebubata igodo CentOS 6 GPG.

 rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

19. Otu esi edepụta igodo RPM GPG niile ebubata

Ka ibipụta igodo GPG niile ebubatara na sistemụ gị, jiri iwu a.

 rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*

gpg-pubkey-0608b895-4bd22942
gpg-pubkey-7fac5991-4615767f
gpg-pubkey-0f2672c8-4cd950ee
gpg-pubkey-c105b9de-4e0fd3a3
gpg-pubkey-00f97f56-467e318a
gpg-pubkey-6b8d79e6-3f49313d
gpg-pubkey-849c449f-4cb9df30

20. Otu esi ewughachi ọdụ data RPM mebiri emebi

Mgbe ụfọdụ nchekwa data rpm na-emebi ma kwụsị ọrụ rpm na ngwa ndị ọzọ na sistemụ. Yabụ, n'oge anyị kwesịrị iwughachi nchekwa data rpm wee weghachi ya site n'enyemaka nke iwu.

 cd /var/lib
 rm __db*
 rpm --rebuilddb
 rpmdb_verify Packages