Iwu Basic 25 bara uru nke APT-GET na APT-CACHE maka njikwa ngwugwu
Edemede a na-akọwa ngwa ngwa ị nwere ike mụta ịwụnye, wepụ, melite na ngwungwu ngwanrọ chọọ site na iji iwu apt-get na apt-cache sitere na ahịrị iwu. Edemede a na-enye ụfọdụ iwu bara uru ga-enyere gị aka ijikwa njikwa ngwugwu na sistemụ Debian/Ubuntu.
Utility apt-get utility bụ usoro ahịrị njikwa ngwugwu dị ike yana n'efu, nke a na-eji na-arụ ọrụ na ọbá akwụkwọ Ubuntu APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) iji rụkwaa ngwungwu ngwanrọ ọhụrụ, wepụ ngwugwu sọftụwia dị adị, nkwalite nke ngwugwu ngwanrọ dị adị na ọbụnadị. eji kwalite sistemụ arụmọrụ niile.
A na-eji ngwa ahịrị iwu apt-cache maka ịchọ cache ngwanrọ dabara adaba. N'okwu dị mfe, a na-eji ngwá ọrụ a chọọ ngwugwu ngwanrọ, na-anakọta ozi nke ngwugwu ma jirikwa ya chọọ ihe ngwugwu dị njikere maka nrụnye na sistemụ Debian ma ọ bụ Ubuntu.
1. Kedu ka m ga-esi depụta ngwugwu niile dị?
Ka ịdepụta ngwugwu niile dị, pịnye iwu a.
$ apt-cache pkgnames
esseract-ocr-epo pipenightdreams mumudvb tbb-examples libsvm-java libmrpt-hmtslam0.9 libboost-timer1.50-dev kcm-touchpad g++-4.5-multilib ...
2. Olee otú m ga-esi chọpụta ngwugwu aha na nkọwa nke Software?
Iji chọpụta aha ngwugwu yana nkọwa ya tupu etinye ya, jiri ọkọlọtọ 'search'. Iji nyocha na apt-cache ga-egosipụta ndepụta ngwugwu dabara na nkọwa dị mkpirikpi. Ka anyị kwuo na ịchọrọ ịchọta nkọwa nke ngwugwu 'vsftpd', mgbe ahụ iwu ga-abụ.
$ apt-cache search vsftpd
vsftpd - lightweight, efficient FTP server written for security ccze - A robust, modular log coloriser ftpd - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server yasat - simple stupid audit tool
Ka ịchọta na depụta ngwugwu niile malite na 'vsftpd', ị nwere ike iji iwu na-esonụ.
$ apt-cache pkgnames vsftpd
vsttpd
3. Kedu ka m ga-esi lelee ozi ngwugwu?
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịlele ozi nke ngwugwu yana nkọwa dị mkpirikpi kwuo (nọmba ụdị, nchikota ego, nha, nha arụnyere, otu wdg). Jiri 'show' sub iwu dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
$ apt-cache show netcat
Package: netcat Priority: optional Section: universe/net Installed-Size: 30 Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email > Original-Maintainer: Ruben Molina <[email > Architecture: all Version: 1.10-40 Depends: netcat-traditional (>= 1.10-39) Filename: pool/universe/n/netcat/netcat_1.10-40_all.deb Size: 3340 MD5sum: 37c303f02b260481fa4fc9fb8b2c1004 SHA1: 0371a3950d6967480985aa014fbb6fb898bcea3a SHA256: eeecb4c93f03f455d2c3f57b0a1e83b54dbeced0918ae563784e86a37bcc16c9 Description-en: TCP/IP swiss army knife -- transitional package This is a "dummy" package that depends on lenny's default version of netcat, to ease upgrades. It may be safely removed. Description-md5: 1353f8c1d079348417c2180319bdde09 Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug Origin: Ubuntu
4. Kedu ka m ga-esi lelee ndabere maka ngwugwu akọwapụtara?
Jiri obere iwu 'showkg' ka ịlele ndabere maka ngwugwu sọftụwia. ma etinyere ngwugwu ndị ahụ dabere ma ọ bụ na etinyeghị ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, jiri iwu 'showkg' yana ngwugwu aha.
$ apt-cache showpkg vsftpd
Package: vsftpd
Versions:
2.3.5-3ubuntu1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/in.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_quantal_main_binary-i386_Packages)
Description Language:
File: /var/lib/apt/lists/in.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_quantal_main_binary-i386_Packages
MD5: 81386f72ac91a5ea48f8db0b023f3f9b
Description Language: en
File: /var/lib/apt/lists/in.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_quantal_main_i18n_Translation-en
MD5: 81386f72ac91a5ea48f8db0b023f3f9b
Reverse Depends:
ubumirror,vsftpd
harden-servers,vsftpd
Dependencies:
2.3.5-3ubuntu1 - debconf (18 0.5) debconf-2.0 (0 (null)) upstart-job (0 (null)) libc6 (2 2.15) libcap2 (2 2.10) libpam0g (2 0.99.7.1) libssl1.0.0 (2 1.0.0) libwrap0 (2 7.6-4~) adduser (0 (null)) libpam-modules (0 (null)) netbase (0 (null)) logrotate (0 (null)) ftp-server (0 (null)) ftp-server (0 (null))
Provides:
2.3.5-3ubuntu1 - ftp-server
Reverse Provides:5. Kedu ka m ga-esi lelee ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cache
Iwu nke 'stats' ga-egosipụta mkpokọta mkpokọta gbasara cache. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu na-esote ga-egosipụta mkpokọta aha ngwugwu bụ ọnụọgụ nke ngwungwu achọpụtala na cache.
$ apt-cache stats
Total package names: 51868 (1,037 k) Total package structures: 51868 (2,490 k) Normal packages: 39505 Pure virtual packages: 602 Single virtual packages: 3819 Mixed virtual packages: 1052 Missing: 6890 Total distinct versions: 43015 (2,753 k) Total distinct descriptions: 81048 (1,945 k) Total dependencies: 252299 (7,064 k) Total ver/file relations: 45567 (729 k) Total Desc/File relations: 81048 (1,297 k) Total Provides mappings: 8228 (165 k) Total globbed strings: 286 (3,518 ) Total dependency version space: 1,145 k Total slack space: 62.6 k Total space accounted for: 13.3 M
6. Otu esi emelite ngwugwu Sistemu
A na-eji iwu 'mmelite' iji megharịa faịlụ ndeksi ngwugwu site na isi mmalite ha akọwapụtara na faịlụ /etc/apt/sources.list. Iwu mmelite ahụ wetara ngwungwu ndị ahụ site na ebe ha wee melite ngwugwu ahụ gaa na ụdị ọhụrụ.
$ sudo apt-get update
[sudo] password for tecmint: Ign http://security.ubuntu.com quantal-security InRelease Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com quantal-security Release.gpg [933 B] Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com quantal-security Release [49.6 kB] Ign http://in.archive.ubuntu.com quantal InRelease Ign http://in.archive.ubuntu.com quantal-updates InRelease Get:3 http://repo.varnish-cache.org precise InRelease [13.7 kB] Ign http://in.archive.ubuntu.com quantal-backports InRelease Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com quantal Release.gpg Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com quantal-security/main Sources [34.8 kB] Get:5 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com quantal-updates Release.gpg [933 B] ...
7. Otu esi kwalite ngwugwu ngwanrọ
A na-eji iwu 'mmelite' iji kwalite ngwungwu ngwanrọ niile arụnyere ugbu a na sistemụ. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, a naghị ewepụ ngwugwu arụnyere ugbu a ma ọ bụ ngwungwu nke etinyerebeghị, ewepụtabeghị ma tinye ya iji mejuo nkwado ndabere.
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages have been kept back: linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic wine1.5 wine1.5-i386 The following packages will be upgraded: activity-log-manager-common activity-log-manager-control-center adium-theme-ubuntu alacarte alsa-base app-install-data-partner appmenu-gtk appmenu-gtk3 apport apport-gtk apt apt-transport-https apt-utils aptdaemon aptdaemon-data at-spi2-core bamfdaemon base-files bind9-host ...
Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịkwalite, na-echegbughị onwe gị ma a ga-agbakwunye ma ọ bụ wepu ngwugwu sọftụwia iji mezuo dabere, jiri obere iwu 'dist-upgrade'.
$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
8. Kedu ka m ga-esi wụnye ma ọ bụ kwalite ngwugwu akọwapụtara?
A na-enyocha obere iwu 'wụnye' site na otu ngwugwu ma ọ bụ karịa maka nrụnye ma ọ bụ nkwalite.
$ sudo apt-get install netcat
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: netcat-traditional The following NEW packages will be installed: netcat netcat-traditional 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded. Need to get 67.1 kB of archives. After this operation, 186 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/universe netcat-traditional i386 1.10-40 [63.8 kB] Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/universe netcat all 1.10-40 [3,340 B] Fetched 67.1 kB in 1s (37.5 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package netcat-traditional. (Reading database ... 216118 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking netcat-traditional (from .../netcat-traditional_1.10-40_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously unselected package netcat. Unpacking netcat (from .../netcat_1.10-40_all.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up netcat-traditional (1.10-40) ... Setting up netcat (1.10-40) ...
9. Kedu ka m ga-esi wụnye ọtụtụ ngwugwu?
Ịnwere ike ịgbakwunye aha ngwugwu karịrị otu yana iwu ka ịwụnye ọtụtụ ngwugwu n'otu oge. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu na-esote ga-etinye ngwugwu 'goaccess'.
$ sudo apt-get install nethogs goaccess
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done goaccess is already the newest version. nethogs is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded.
10. Otu esi etinye ọtụtụ ngwugwu site na iji Wildcard
Site n'enyemaka nke okwu mgbe niile ị nwere ike itinye ọtụtụ ngwugwu na otu eriri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị na-eji * wildcard wụnye ọtụtụ ngwugwu nwere eriri '* aha*', aha ga-abụ 'ngwugwu-aha'.
$ sudo apt-get install '*name*'
11. Otu esi etinye ngwugwu na-enweghị nkwalite
Iji sub '-enweghị nkwalite' iwu ga-egbochi ngwungwu arụnyerelarị ịkwalite.
$ sudo apt-get install packageName --no-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Skipping vsftpd, it is already installed and upgrade is not set. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded.
12. Otu esi kwalite naanị ngwugwu akọwapụtara
Iwu '-naanị nkwalite' anaghị etinye ngwugwu ọhụrụ mana ọ na-akwalite ngwugwu arụnyerelarị ma gbanyụọ nrụnye ọhụrụ.
$ sudo apt-get install packageName --only-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done vsftpd is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded.
13. Olee otu m ga-esi Wụnye Specific Package Version?
Ka anyị kwuo na ịchọrọ ịwụnye naanị ụdị ngwugwu a kapịrị ọnụ, jiri naanị '' =' na aha ngwugwu wee tinye ụdị achọrọ.
$ sudo apt-get install vsftpd=2.3.5-3ubuntu1
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done vsftpd is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded.
14. Kedu ka m ga-esi wepụ ngwugwu na-enweghị nhazi
Iwepu ngwungwu ngwanrọ na-ewepụghị faịlụ nhazi ha (maka emechaa jiri otu nhazi ahụ mee ihe). Jiri iwu 'wepu' dịka egosiri.
$ sudo apt-get remove vsftpd
[sudo] password for tecmint: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: vsftpd 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 328 not upgraded. After this operation, 364 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 216156 files and directories currently installed.) Removing vsftpd ... vsftpd stop/waiting Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Processing triggers for man-db ...
15. Kedu ka m ga-esi wepụ ngwugwu kpamkpam
Iji wepu ngwungwu ngwanrọ gụnyere faịlụ nhazi ha, jiri iwu 'purge' dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
$ sudo apt-get purge vsftpd
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: vsftpd* 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 328 not upgraded. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 216107 files and directories currently installed.) Removing vsftpd ... Purging configuration files for vsftpd ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ...
N'aka nke ọzọ, ịnwere ike ijikọta iwu abụọ a ọnụ dịka egosiri n'okpuru.
$ sudo apt-get remove --purge vsftpd
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: vsftpd* 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 328 not upgraded. After this operation, 364 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 216156 files and directories currently installed.) Removing vsftpd ... vsftpd stop/waiting Purging configuration files for vsftpd ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... Processing triggers for man-db ...
16. Otu m nwere ike isi hichaa oghere diski
A na-eji iwu 'dị ọcha' mee ka ohere diski ahụ dị ọcha site na ihichapụ faịlụ (ebudatara) .deb faịlụ (ngwugwu) site na ebe nchekwa mpaghara.
$ sudo apt-get clean
17. Kedu ka m ga-esi budata naanị koodu ngwugwu
Iji budata naanị koodu isi mmalite nke otu ngwungwu, jiri nhọrọ ''-download-only source'yana 'ngwugwu-aha' dị ka egosiri.
$ sudo apt-get --download-only source vsftpd
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Need to get 220 kB of source archives. Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main vsftpd 2.3.5-3ubuntu1 (dsc) [1,883 B] Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main vsftpd 2.3.5-3ubuntu1 (tar) [188 kB] Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main vsftpd 2.3.5-3ubuntu1 (diff) [30.5 kB] Fetched 220 kB in 4s (49.1 kB/s) Download complete and in download only mode
18. Kedu ka m ga-esi budata ma bupụ ngwugwu
Ka ibudata ma bupụ koodu isi mmalite nke ngwugwu gaa na ndekọ aha kpọmkwem, pịnye iwu a.
$ sudo apt-get source vsftpd
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Need to get 220 kB of source archives. Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main vsftpd 2.3.5-3ubuntu1 (dsc) [1,883 B] Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main vsftpd 2.3.5-3ubuntu1 (tar) [188 kB] Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main vsftpd 2.3.5-3ubuntu1 (diff) [30.5 kB] Fetched 220 kB in 1s (112 kB/s) gpgv: Signature made Thursday 24 May 2012 02:35:09 AM IST using RSA key ID 2C48EE4E gpgv: Can't check signature: public key not found dpkg-source: warning: failed to verify signature on ./vsftpd_2.3.5-3ubuntu1.dsc dpkg-source: info: extracting vsftpd in vsftpd-2.3.5 dpkg-source: info: unpacking vsftpd_2.3.5.orig.tar.gz dpkg-source: info: unpacking vsftpd_2.3.5-3ubuntu1.debian.tar.gz dpkg-source: info: applying 01-builddefs.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 02-config.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 03-db-doc.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 04-link-local.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 05-whitespaces.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 06-greedy.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 07-utf8.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 08-manpage.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 09-s390.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 10-remote-dos.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 11-alpha.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 09-disable-anonymous.patch dpkg-source: info: applying 12-ubuntu-use-snakeoil-ssl.patch
19. Kedu ka m ga-esi budata, bupu ma chịkọta ngwugwu
Ị nwekwara ike budata, bupu ma chịkọta koodu isi mmalite n'otu oge, na-eji nhọrọ '-ịchịkọta' dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
$ sudo apt-get --compile source goaccess
[sudo] password for tecmint: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Need to get 130 kB of source archives. Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/universe goaccess 1:0.5-1 (dsc) [1,120 B] Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/universe goaccess 1:0.5-1 (tar) [127 kB] Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/universe goaccess 1:0.5-1 (diff) [2,075 B] Fetched 130 kB in 1s (68.0 kB/s) gpgv: Signature made Tuesday 26 June 2012 09:38:24 AM IST using DSA key ID A9FD4821 gpgv: Can't check signature: public key not found dpkg-source: warning: failed to verify signature on ./goaccess_0.5-1.dsc dpkg-source: info: extracting goaccess in goaccess-0.5 dpkg-source: info: unpacking goaccess_0.5.orig.tar.gz dpkg-source: info: unpacking goaccess_0.5-1.debian.tar.gz dpkg-buildpackage: source package goaccess dpkg-buildpackage: source version 1:0.5-1 dpkg-buildpackage: source changed by Chris Taylor <[email > dpkg-buildpackage: host architecture i386 dpkg-source --before-build goaccess-0.5 dpkg-checkbuilddeps: Unmet build dependencies: debhelper (>= 9) autotools-dev libncurses5-dev libglib2.0-dev libgeoip-dev autoconf dpkg-buildpackage: warning: build dependencies/conflicts unsatisfied; aborting dpkg-buildpackage: warning: (Use -d flag to override.) ...
20. Kedu ka m ga-esi budata ngwugwu na-enweghị wụnye
Iji 'nbudata' nhọrọ, ị nwere ike ibudata ngwugwu ọ bụla enyere na-etinyeghị ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu na-esote ga-ebudata ngwugwu 'nethogs' na ndekọ ọrụ ugbu a.
$ sudo apt-get download nethogs
Get:1 Downloading nethogs 0.8.0-1 [27.1 kB] Fetched 27.1 kB in 3s (7,506 B/s)
21. Kedu ka m ga-esi lelee mgbanwe ndekọ ngwugwu?
Ọkọlọtọ 'changelog' na-ebudata ndekọ mgbanwe ngwungwu wee gosi ụdị ngwugwu arụnyere.
$ sudo apt-get changelog vsftpd
vsftpd (2.3.5-3ubuntu1) quantal; urgency=low
* Merge from Debian testing (LP: #1003644). Remaining changes:
+ debian/vsftpd.upstart: migrate vsftpd to upstart.
+ Add apport hook (LP: #513978):
- debian/vsftpd.apport: Added.
- debian/control: Build-depends on dh-apport.
- debian/rules: Add --with apport.
+ Add debian/watch file.
+ debian/patches/09-disable-anonymous.patch: Disable anonymous login
by default. (LP: #528860)
* debian/patches/12-ubuntu-us-snakeoil-ssl.patch: Use snakeoil SSL
certificates and key.
-- Andres Rodriguez <[email > Wed, 23 May 2012 16:59:36 -0400
...22. Olee otu m ga-esi lelee ndabere agbajiri?
Iwu 'chee' bụ ngwa nyocha. Ọ na-ejibulite cache ngwungwu yana ịlele maka ndabere agbajiri.
$ sudo apt-get check
[sudo] password for tecmint: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done
23. Olee otu m ga-esi chọwa ma wulite ntụkwasị obi?
Iwu 'buil-dep' a na-enyocha ebe nchekwa mpaghara na sistemụ wee wụnye ihe ndabere maka ngwugwu. Ọ bụrụ na ngwugwu adịghị na ebe nchekwa mpaghara ọ ga-eweghachi koodu mperi.
$ sudo apt-get build-dep netcat
The following NEW packages will be installed: debhelper dh-apparmor html2text po-debconf quilt 0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded. Need to get 1,219 kB of archives. After this operation, 2,592 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main html2text i386 1.3.2a-15build1 [91.4 kB] Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main po-debconf all 1.0.16+nmu2ubuntu1 [210 kB] Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main dh-apparmor all 2.8.0-0ubuntu5 [9,846 B] Get:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main debhelper all 9.20120608ubuntu1 [623 kB] Get:5 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ quantal/main quilt all 0.60-2 [285 kB] Fetched 1,219 kB in 4s (285 kB/s) ...
24. Olee otu m nwere ike isi hichaa Apt-Get Cache?
Iwu 'autoclean' na-ehichapụ faịlụ .deb niile na /var/cache/apt/archives iji wepụta oke ohere diski.
$ sudo apt-get autoclean
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done
25. Olee otu m nwere ike isi wepụ ngwugwu arụnyere?
A na-eji obere iwu 'autoremove' iji wepu ngwugwu arụnyere n'ezie iji meju ihe ndabere maka ngwungwu ndị ọzọ mana ugbu a achọkwaghị ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu na-esonụ ga-ewepụ ngwugwu arụnyere na ndabere ya.
$ sudo apt-get autoremove vsftpd
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package 'vsftpd' is not installed, so not removed 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded.
Ejila iwu apt-get na apt-cache kpuchie ọtụtụ nhọrọ ndị dịnụ, mana ka enwere nhọrọ ndị ọzọ, ị nwere ike lelee ha site na iji 'man apt-get'ma ọ bụ'man apt-cache'si na njedebe. Enwere m olileanya na ọ masịrị gị ịgụ akụkọ a, Ọ bụrụ na ihe ọ bụla agbagharala m ma ị ga-achọ ka m tinye na listi ahụ. Biko nweere onwe gị ikwu okwu n'okpuru.
Gụkwuo: Iwu Linux YUM 20 bara uru maka njikwa ngwugwu