10 Iwu IP bara uru iji hazie ntanetịime netwọkụ
Iwu ip bụ ngwa ntanetị iwu netwọk ọhụrụ nke a na-eji ekenye adreesị IP na interface netwọk ma ọ bụ hazie/melite mgbanwe netwọk bara uru na sistemụ Linux.
Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ngwugwu iproute2 ma na-enye ọtụtụ ọrụ nchịkwa netwọkụ dị ka iwelite ma ọ bụ wedata oghere netwọkụ, kenye ma wepụ adreesị IP na ụzọ, jikwaa cache ARP, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.
Iwu ip dị ka iwu ifconfig ochie, mana ọ na-adị ike karịa yana ọtụtụ ọrụ na ike agbakwunyere na ya.
[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị gị: Iwu ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet Linux na-emebi emebi na ndochi ha]
Akwụsịla iwu ifconfig wee jiri iwu ip dochie ya na nkesa Linux ọgbara ọhụrụ niile. Agbanyeghị, iwu ifconfig ka na-arụ ọrụ ma dị maka ọtụtụ nkesa Linux.
[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: ifconfig vs ip: Kedu ihe dị iche na iji nhazi netwọkụ atụnyere]
Mara: Biko were ndabere faịlụ nhazi tupu ime mgbanwe ọ bụla.
Kedu ka m ga-esi ahazi Protocol Internet Adreesị IP static (IPv4)
Iji hazie adreesị IP static na Linux, ịkwesịrị imelite ma ọ bụ dezie faịlụ nhazi netwọk iji kenye Adreesị IP Static na sistemụ. Ị ga-abụrịrị superuser nwere iwu su (onye ọrụ mgbanwe) sitere na ọdụ ma ọ bụ iwu ozugbo.
Mepee ma dezie faịlụ nhazi netwọkụ maka (eth0 ma ọ bụ eth1) site na iji nchịkọta ederede ọkacha mmasị gị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ikenye Adreesị IP na interface eth0 dị ka ndị a.
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE="eth0" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=192.168.50.2 NAME="System eth0" HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C GATEWAY=192.168.50.1
Kenye Adreesị IP Static na faịlụ nhazi nhazi eth0 interface /etc/network/interfaces iji mee mgbanwe na-adịgide adịgide dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.50.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.50.1
Na-esote, malitegharịa ọrụ netwọk mgbe itinye iwu niile na-esonụ.
# systemctl restart NetworkManager.service Or # /etc/init.d/networking restart
[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: Otu esi ahazi njikọ netwọkụ site na iji 'nmcli' Tool]
1. Otu esi ekenye adreesị IP na interface dị iche iche
A na-eji iwu na-esonụ iji kenye adreesị IP na otu interface (eth1) na ofufe.
# ip addr add 192.168.50.5 dev eth1
$ sudo ip addr add 192.168.50.5 dev eth1
Mara: Ọ dị nwute na ntọala ndị a niile ga-efunahụ ma malitegharịa sistemụ.
2. Otu esi elele adreesị IP
Iji nweta ozi omimi nke ebe netwọk gị dị ka adreesị IP, ozi adreesị MAC, jiri iwu na-esonụ dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
# ip addr show
$ sudo ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:28:fd:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.50.2/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:28:fd:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.50.5/24 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd56/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3. Otu esi ewepu adreesị IP
Iwu na-esonụ ga-ewepụ adreesị IP ekenyere na interface enyere (eth1).
# ip addr del 192.168.50.5/24 dev eth1
$ sudo ip addr del 192.168.50.5/24 dev eth1
4. Otu esi eme ka Interface netwọk rụọ ọrụ
Ọkọlọtọ\elu nwere aha interface (eth1) na-eme ka interface netwọk dị ka ọmụmaatụ, iwu na-esonụ ga-eme ka interface netwọk eth1 rụọ ọrụ.
# ip link set eth1 up
$ sudo ip link set eth1 up
5. Otu esi agbanyụọ netwọkụ netwọkụ
Ọkọlọtọ \down nwere aha interface (eth1) na-egbochi interface netwọk, dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu na-esonụ ga-eme ka interface netwọk eth1 rụọ ọrụ.
# ip link set eth1 down
$ sudo ip link set eth1 down
6. Kedu ka m ga-esi lelee Tebụlụ ụzọ?
Pịnye iwu na-esonụ ka ịlele ozi tebụl ntụgharị nke sistemụ.
# ip route show
$ sudo ip route show
10.10.20.0/24 via 192.168.50.100 dev eth0 192.168.160.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.160.130 metric 1 192.168.50.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.50.2 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002 default via 192.168.50.1 dev eth0 proto static
7. Kedu ka m ga-esi tinye Static Route
Kedu ihe kpatara ị ga-eji tinye okporo ụzọ Static ma ọ bụ ụzọ akwụkwọ ntuziaka, n'ihi na okporo ụzọ agaghị agafe n'ọnụ ụzọ ndabara. Anyị kwesịrị ịgbakwunye ụzọ Static iji gafere okporo ụzọ site na ụzọ kacha mma iji ruo ebe a na-aga.
# ip route add 10.10.20.0/24 via 192.168.50.100 dev eth0
$ sudo ip route add 10.10.20.0/24 via 192.168.50.100 dev eth0
8. Otu esi ewepụ Static Route
Iji wepu ụzọ kwụ ọtọ ekenyere, pịnye naanị iwu a.
# ip route del 10.10.20.0/24
$ sudo ip route del 10.10.20.0/24
9. Kedu ka m ga-esi tinye ụzọ kwụsiri ike
Ụzọ niile dị n'elu ga-efunahụ ma malitegharịa usoro. Ka ịgbakwunye ụzọ Static na-adịgide adịgide, dezie faịlụ /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0 (Anyị na-echekwa ụzọ static maka (eth0).
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0
ma tinye ahịrị ndị a wee chekwaa wee pụọ. Site na ndabara ụzọ-eth0 faịlụ agaghị adị, ọ dị mkpa ka emee ya.
10.10.20.0/24 via 192.168.50.100 dev eth0
Mepee faịlụ /etc/network/interfaces na na njedebe tinye nkwụsi ike Static ụzọ. Adreesị IP nwere ike ịdị iche na gburugburu gị.
$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.50.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.50.100
#########{Static Route}###########
up ip route add 10.10.20.0/24 via 192.168.50.100 dev eth0Na-esote, malitegharịa ọrụ netwọk mgbe itinye iwu niile na-esonụ.
# systemctl restart NetworkManager.service Or # /etc/init.d/networking restart
10. Kedu ka m ga-esi tinye ọnụ ụzọ ámá
Enwere ike ịkọwa ụzọ ámá ndabara n'ụwa niile ma ọ bụ maka faịlụ nhazi nke nwere interface. Uru nke ụzọ ndabara bụ Ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere ihe karịrị otu NIC dị na sistemụ. Ịnwere ike ịgbakwunye ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndabara na ofufe dị ka egosiri n'okpuru iwu.
# ip route add default via 192.168.50.100
$ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.50.100
Jiri obiọma gbazie m ma ọ bụrụ na ọ tụfuru m. Biko rụtụ aka na ibe akwụkwọ ntuziaka na-eme man ip site na ngwa ngwa/iwu ngwa ka ịmatakwu gbasara Iwu IP.