15 Iwu ifconfig bara uru iji hazie netwọkụ na Linux

ifconfig na mkpirisi nhazi interface maka sistemụ/nchịkwa netwọk na Unix/Linux sistemụ arụmọrụ iji hazie, jikwaa na jụọ ajụjụ netwọk interface site na interface-line interface ma ọ bụ na nhazi nhazi usoro.

[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: 22 Linux Networking Commands for Sysadmin]

A na-eji iwu ifconfig mee ihe maka igosipụta ozi nhazi netwọk ugbu a, ịmepụta adreesị IP, netmask, ma ọ bụ adreesị mgbasa ozi na netwọk netwọk, ịmepụta aha maka netwọk netwọk, ịmepụta adreesị ngwaike, ma mee ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ netwọk netwọk.

Edemede a kpuchiri iwu “ifconfig” 15 bara uru na ihe atụ ha bara uru, nke nwere ike ịbara gị ezigbo uru na ijikwa na ịhazi oghere netwọkụ na sistemụ Linux.

Mmelite: Iwu ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet ifconfig emebiela ma jiri iwu ip dochie ya (Mụta Ihe Nlereanya 10 nke Iwu IP) n'ọtụtụ nkesa Linux.

[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: ifconfig vs ip: Kedu ihe dị iche na iji nhazi netwọkụ atụnyere]

1. Lelee niile Network Interface ntọala

Iwu ifconfig na-enweghị arụmụka ga-egosipụta nkọwa interface niile na-arụ ọrụ. A na-ejikwa iwu ifconfig iji lelee adreesị IP e kenyere nke sava.

 ifconfig

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0B:CD:1C:18:5A
          inet addr:172.16.25.126  Bcast:172.16.25.63  Mask:255.255.255.224
          inet6 addr: fe80::20b:cdff:fe1c:185a/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2341604 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2217673 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:293460932 (279.8 MiB)  TX bytes:1042006549 (993.7 MiB)
          Interrupt:185 Memory:f7fe0000-f7ff0000

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:5019066 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:5019066 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:2174522634 (2.0 GiB)  TX bytes:2174522634 (2.0 GiB)

tun0      Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
          inet addr:10.1.1.1  P-t-P:10.1.1.2  Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

2. Gosipụta ozi nke niile netwọk Interface

Iwu ifconfig na-esonụ na arụmụka -a ga-egosipụta ozi nke netwọk niile na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ adịghị arụ ọrụ na sava ahụ. Ọ na-egosiputa nsonaazụ eth0, lo, sit0 na tun0.

 ifconfig -a

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0B:CD:1C:18:5A
          inet addr:172.16.25.126  Bcast:172.16.25.63  Mask:255.255.255.224
          inet6 addr: fe80::20b:cdff:fe1c:185a/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2344927 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2220777 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:293839516 (280.2 MiB)  TX bytes:1043722206 (995.3 MiB)
          Interrupt:185 Memory:f7fe0000-f7ff0000

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:5022927 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:5022927 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:2175739488 (2.0 GiB)  TX bytes:2175739488 (2.0 GiB)

sit0      Link encap:IPv6-in-IPv4
          NOARP  MTU:1480  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

tun0      Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
          inet addr:10.1.1.1  P-t-P:10.1.1.2  Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

3. Lelee Ntọala netwọkụ nke Interface Specific

Iji aha interface (eth0) dị ka arụmụka na iwu ifconfig ga-egosipụta nkọwa nke interface netwọk a kapịrị ọnụ.

 ifconfig eth0

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0B:CD:1C:18:5A
          inet addr:172.16.25.126  Bcast:172.16.25.63  Mask:255.255.255.224
          inet6 addr: fe80::20b:cdff:fe1c:185a/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2345583 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2221421 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:293912265 (280.2 MiB)  TX bytes:1044100408 (995.7 MiB)
          Interrupt:185 Memory:f7fe0000-f7ff0000

4. Otu esi eme ka netwọkụ rụọ ọrụ

Ọkọlọtọ “elu” ma ọ bụ “ifup” nwere aha interface (eth0) na-eme ka interface netwọk rụọ ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị steeti adịghị arụ ọrụ ma na-enye ohere izipu na ịnata ozi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ifconfig eth0 up ma ọ bụ ifup eth0 ga-eme ka interface eth0 rụọ ọrụ.

 ifconfig eth0 up
OR
 ifup eth0

5. Otu esi agbanyụọ netwọkụ netwọkụ

Ọkọlọtọ “ala” ma ọ bụ “ifdown” nwere aha interface (eth0) na-emebi interface netwọk akọwapụtara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu ifconfig eth0 down ma ọ bụ ifdown eth0 na-ewepụ interface eth0 ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ adịghị arụ ọrụ.

 ifconfig eth0 down
OR
 ifdown eth0

6. Otu esi ekenye adreesị IP na ntanetị netwọkụ

Iji kenye adreesị IP na otu interface, jiri iwu na-esonụ nwere aha interface (eth0) na adreesị IP nke ịchọrọ ịtọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ifconfig eth0 172.16.25.125 ga-edozi adreesị IP na interface eth0.

 ifconfig eth0 172.16.25.125

[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: Otu esi ahazi netwọk IP na ngwa 'nmtui']

7. Otu esi ekenye Netmask na Interface netwọkụ

Iji iwu ifconfig na arụmụka netmask na aha interface dị ka (eth0) na-enye gị ohere ịkọwapụta netmask na interface nyere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.224 ga-edobe ihe nkpuchi netwọk na ihe e nyere interface eth0.

 ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.224

8. Otu esi ekenye mgbasa ozi na ntanetị netwọkụ

Iji arụmụka mgbasa ozi nwere aha interface ga-edobe adreesị mgbasa ozi maka interface enyere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu ifconfig eth0 mgbasa ozi 172.16.25.63 na-edozi adreesị mgbasa ozi na interface eth0.

 ifconfig eth0 broadcast 172.16.25.63

9. Otu esi ekenye IP, Netmask, na Mgbasa ozi na Interface Network

Iji kenye adreesị IP, adreesị Netmask, na adreesị mgbasa ozi n'otu oge na-eji iwu ifconfig yana arụmụka niile dị ka enyere n'okpuru.

 ifconfig eth0 172.16.25.125 netmask 255.255.255.224 broadcast 172.16.25.63

10. Otu esi agbanwe MTU maka ntanetị netwọkụ

Arụmụka “mtu” na-edobe ngalaba nnyefe kacha na interface. MTU na-enye gị ohere ịtọ oke nke ngwugwu na-ebufe na interface. MTU nwere ike ijikwa ọnụ ọgụgụ octets kachasị na interface n'otu azụmahịa.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ifconfig eth0 mtu 1000 ga-edobe nkeji nnyefe kachasị na nke enyere (ya bụ 1000). Ọ bụghị netwọk netwọk niile na-akwado ntọala MTU.

 ifconfig eth0 mtu 1000

11. Otu esi eme ka ọnọdụ mmekọahụ nwee ike

Ihe na-eme na ọnọdụ nkịtị, mgbe kaadị netwọk natara ngwugwu, ọ na-achọpụta na ọ bụ nke ya. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, ọ na-adaba ngwugwu ahụ na-emekarị, ma na ọnọdụ ịkwa iko na-eji nabata ngwugwu niile na-agafe na kaadị netwọk.

Ngwá ọrụ netwọk nke oge a na-eji ụdị ịkwa iko iji weghara ma nyochaa ngwugwu ndị na-agafe na netwọk netwọk. Ka ịtọọ ọnọdụ ịkwa iko, jiri iwu na-esonụ.

 ifconfig eth0 promisc

12. Otu esi agbanyụọ ọnọdụ agụụ mmekọahụ

Iji gbanyụọ mode ịkwa iko, jiri mgba ọkụ -promisc na-eweghachite interface netwọk na ọnọdụ nkịtị.

 ifconfig eth0 -promisc

13. Otu esi agbakwunye New Alias na Interface Network

Utility ifconfig na-enye gị ohere iji njirimara utu aha hazie netwọkụ ọzọ. Ka ịgbakwunye utu aha netwọk interface nke eth0, jiri iwu na-esonụ. Biko mara na adreesị netwọk utu aha dị n'otu nkpuchi subnet. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na adreesị IP netwọk eth0 gị bụ 172.16.25.125, mgbe ahụ, adreesị IP alias ga-abụrịrị 172.16.25.127.

 ifconfig eth0:0 172.16.25.127

Na-esote, nyochaa adreesị interface utu aha netwọkụ emepụtara ọhụrụ, site na iji iwu ifconfig eth0: 0.

 ifconfig eth0:0

eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:01:6C:99:14:68
          inet addr:172.16.25.123  Bcast:172.16.25.63  Mask:255.255.255.240
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:17

14. Otu esi ewepu utu aha na ntanetị netwọkụ

Ọ bụrụ na ịchọghịzi interface netwọkụ utu aha ma ọ bụ na ị hazie ya na ezighi ezi, ịnwere ike wepu ya site na iji iwu a.

 ifconfig eth0:0 down

15. Olee otú ịgbanwe MAC adreesị nke Network Interface

Iji gbanwee adreesị MAC (Media Access Control) nke interface netwọk eth0, jiri iwu na-esonụ na arụmụka hw ether. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, lee n'okpuru.

 ifconfig eth0 hw ether AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

Ndị a bụ iwu kachasị baa uru maka ịhazi netwọkụ netwọkụ na Linux, maka ozi ndị ọzọ na ojiji nke ifconfig iwu jiri manpages dị ka “nwoke ifconfig” na ọdụ. Lelee ụfọdụ ngwa netwọkụ ndị ọzọ n'okpuru.

nmcli – onye ahịa-akara iwu nke a na-eji ejikwa NetworkManager wee kọọ ozi netwọkụ.
Tcmpdump – bụ ihe ngwungwu ngwungwu nwude na ngwa nyocha maka nyochaa okporo ụzọ netwọkụ.
Netstat – bụ ngwa nleba anya netwọkụ iwu iwu mepere emepe nke na-enyocha okporo ụzọ ngwungwu netwọkụ na-abata ma na-apụ apụ.
ss (ọnụọgụ sọket) – ngwa ọrụ na-ebipụta ozi metụtara socket netwọk na sistemụ Linux.
Wireshark – bụ ihe nyocha protocol network mepere emepe nke a na-eji achọpụta nsogbu metụtara netwọkụ.
Munin – bụ netwọkụ dabere na ngwa nleba anya sistemụ na-eji rrdtool gosipụta nsonaazụ dị na eserese.
Cacti – bụ ngwa nleba anya na eserese webụ zuru oke maka nlekota netwọkụ.

Iji nweta ozi ndị ọzọ na nhọrọ maka ngwaọrụ ọ bụla dị n'elu, hụ ibe mmadụ site na itinye aha njirimara nwoke na ngwa ngwa iwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji nweta ozi maka ngwa netstat, jiri iwu man netstat.