10 Wget (Linux File Downloader) Ihe atụ iwu na Linux
N'ime edemede a, anyị ga-enyocha akụrụngwa wget nke na-eweghachite faịlụ site na Webụsaịtị World Wide (WWW) site na iji usoro eji eme ihe dị ka HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, na FTPS.
Wget bụ ngwa na-enye iwu na-akwụghị ụgwọ yana nbudata faịlụ netwọkụ, nke na-abịa na ọtụtụ atụmatụ na-eme ka nbudata faịlụ dị mfe, gụnyere:
- Budata nnukwu faịlụ ma ọ bụ enyo zuru oke webụ ma ọ bụ saịtị FTP.
- Budata ọtụtụ faịlụ n'otu oge.
- Tọọ bandwit na oke ọsọ maka nbudata.
- Budata faịlụ site na proxies.
- nwere ike ịmaliteghachi nbudata ewepụrụ.
- akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na-emegharị ugboro ugboro.
- Na-agba ọsọ na ọtụtụ sistemụ arụmọrụ dịka UNIX yana Windows.
- Arụ ọrụ na-adịghị ele anya/ndabere.
- Nkwado maka njikọ HTTP na-adịgide adịgide.
- Nkwado SSL/TLS maka nbudata ezoro ezo site na iji ọbá akwụkwọ OpenSSL ma ọ bụ GnuTLS.
- Nkwado maka nbudata IPv4 na IPv6.
Okwu nkiti nke Wget bụ:
$ wget [option] [URL]
Nke mbụ, lelee ma arụnyerela ngwa wget ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị na igbe Linux gị, na-eji iwu a.
$ rpm -q wget [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux] $ dpkg -l | grep wget [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint]
Ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị Wget, ịnwere ike ịwụnye ya site na iji njikwa ngwugwu ndabara nke sistemụ Linux gị dị ka egosiri.
$ sudo apt install wget -y [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint] $ sudo yum install wget -y [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux] $ sudo emerge -a net-misc/wget [On Gentoo Linux] $ sudo pacman -Sy wget [On Arch Linux] $ sudo zypper install wget [On OpenSUSE]
Nhọrọ -y nke a na-eji ebe a bụ igbochi nkwenye nkwenye tupu ịwụnye ngwugwu ọ bụla. Maka ihe atụ na nhọrọ iwu YUM na APT, gụọ akụkọ anyị na:
- Iwu Linux YUM 20 maka njikwa ngwugwu
- 15 APT Iwu Ihe Nlereanya na Ubuntu/Debian & Mint
- 45 Zypper Iwu Ihe atụ iji jikwaa OpenSUSE Linux
1. Budata faịlụ na Wget
Iwu a ga-ebudata otu faịlụ wee chekwaa ya na ndekọ aha ugbu a. Ọ na-egosikwa ọganihu nbudata, nha, ụbọchị, na oge mgbe ị na-ebudata ya.
# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz --2021-12-10 04:15:16-- http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz Resolving ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)... 209.51.188.20, 2001:470:142:3::b Connecting to ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)|209.51.188.20|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 3565643 (3.4M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz’ wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz 100%[==========>] 3.40M 2.31MB/s in 1.5s 2021-12-10 04:15:18 (2.31 MB/s) - ‘wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz’ saved [3565643/3565643]
2. Wget Download faịlụ na aha dị iche iche
Iji -O (nke ukwu) nhọrọ, budata faịlụ nwere aha faịlụ dị iche iche. N'ebe a, anyị enyela aha faịlụ wget.zip dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
# wget -O wget.zip http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz --2021-12-10 04:20:19-- http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.5.3.tar.gz Resolving ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)... 209.51.188.20, 2001:470:142:3::b Connecting to ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)|209.51.188.20|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 446966 (436K) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘wget.zip’ wget.zip 100%[===================>] 436.49K 510KB/s in 0.9s 2021-12-10 04:20:21 (510 KB/s) - ‘wget.zip’ saved [446966/446966]
3. Wget Download otutu faịlụ na HTTP na FTP Protocol
N'ebe a, anyị na-ahụ ka esi ebudata ọtụtụ faịlụ site na iji HTTP na FTP protocol na wget iwu ozugbo.
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz.sig --2021-12-10 06:45:17-- http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz Resolving ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)... 209.51.188.20, 2001:470:142:3::b Connecting to ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)|209.51.188.20|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 3565643 (3.4M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz’ wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz 100%[==========>] 4.40M 4.31MB/s in 1.1s 2021-12-10 06:46:10 (2.31 MB/s) - ‘wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz’ saved [3565643/3565643]
4. Wget Download otutu faịlụ site na faịlụ
Iji budata ọtụtụ faịlụ n'otu oge, jiri nhọrọ -i nwere ebe faịlụ nwere ndepụta URL ga-ebudata. Ekwesịrị ịgbakwunye URL ọ bụla n'ahịrị dị iche dịka egosiri.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, faịlụ na-esote 'download-linux.txt' nwere ndepụta URL ndị a ga-ebudata.
# cat download-linux.txt https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso https://download.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/8/isos/x86_64/Rocky-8.5-x86_64-dvd1.iso https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-11.2.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso
# wget -i download-linux.txt --2021-12-10 04:52:40-- https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso Resolving releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)... 91.189.88.248, 91.189.88.247, 91.189.91.124, ... Connecting to releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)|91.189.88.248|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 3071934464 (2.9G) [application/x-iso9660-image] Saving to: ‘ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso’ ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64 4%[=> ] 137.71M 11.2MB/s eta 3m 30s ...
Ọ bụrụ na ndepụta URL gị nwere ụkpụrụ ọnụọgụgụ, ị nwere ike itinye ihe nkwado nkwado iji weta URL niile dabara na ụkpụrụ ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ibudata usoro kernel Linux malite na ụdị 5.1.1 ruo 5.1.15, ị nwere ike ime ihe ndị a.
$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.{1..15}.tar.gz
--2021-12-10 05:46:59-- https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.1.tar.gz
Resolving mirrors.edge.kernel.org (mirrors.edge.kernel.org)... 147.75.95.133, 2604:1380:3000:1500::1
Connecting to mirrors.edge.kernel.org (mirrors.edge.kernel.org)|147.75.95.133|:443... connected.
WARNING: The certificate of ‘mirrors.edge.kernel.org’ is not trusted.
WARNING: The certificate of ‘mirrors.edge.kernel.org’ is not yet activated.
The certificate has not yet been activated
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 164113671 (157M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘linux-5.1.1.tar.gz’
linux-5.1.1.tar.gz 100%[===========>] 156.51M 2.59MB/s in 61s
2021-12-10 05:48:01 (2.57 MB/s) - ‘linux-5.1.1.tar.gz’ saved [164113671/164113671]
--2021-12-10 05:48:01-- https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.2.tar.gz
Reusing existing connection to mirrors.edge.kernel.org:443.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 164110470 (157M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘linux-5.1.2.tar.gz’
linux-5.1.2.tar.gz 19%[===========] 30.57M 2.58MB/s eta 50s
5. Wget malitegharịa na-enweghị nbudata
Ọ bụrụ na nbudata faịlụ buru ibu, ọ nwere ike ime mgbe ụfọdụ ịkwụsị nbudata ma ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere ike ịmaliteghachi nbudata otu faịlụ ebe a kwụsịrị ya na nhọrọ -c.
Mana mgbe ịmalitere nbudata faịlụ na-akọwapụtaghị -c nhọrọ wget ga-agbakwunye .1 ndọtị na njedebe nke faịlụ ahụ, weere dị ka nbudata ọhụrụ. Yabụ, ọ dị mma ịgbakwunye -c switch mgbe ibudatara nnukwu faịlụ.
# wget -c https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso --2021-12-10 05:27:59-- https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso Resolving releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)... 91.189.88.247, 91.189.91.123, 91.189.91.124, ... Connecting to releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)|91.189.88.247|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 206 Partial Content Length: 3071934464 (2.9G), 2922987520 (2.7G) remaining [application/x-iso9660-image] Saving to: ‘ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso’ ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso 5%[++++++> ] 167.93M 11.1MB/s ^C wget -c https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso --2021-12-10 05:28:03-- https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso Resolving releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)... 91.189.88.248, 91.189.91.124, 91.189.91.123, ... Connecting to releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)|91.189.88.248|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 206 Partial Content Length: 3071934464 (2.9G), 2894266368 (2.7G) remaining [application/x-iso9660-image] Saving to: ‘ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso’ ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso 10%[+++++++=====> ] 296.32M 17.2MB/s eta 2m 49s ^
6. Wget Mirror Weebụsaịtị niile
Iji budata ma ọ bụ enyo ma ọ bụ detuo weebụsaịtị dum maka ikiri offline, ị nwere ike iji iwu na-esonụ nke ga-eme ka nnomi webụsaịtị yana akụ niile (JavaScript, CSS, Images).
$ wget --recursive --page-requisites --adjust-extension --span-hosts --convert-links --restrict-file-names=windows --domains yoursite.com --no-parent yoursite.com
Nkọwa nke iwu dị n'elu.
wget \
--recursive \ # Download the whole site.
--page-requisites \ # Get all assets/elements (CSS/JS/images).
--adjust-extension \ # Save files with .html on the end.
--span-hosts \ # Include necessary assets from offsite as well.
--convert-links \ # Update links to still work in the static version.
--restrict-file-names=windows \ # Modify filenames to work in Windows as well.
--domains yoursite.com \ # Do not follow links outside this domain.
--no-parent \ # Don't follow links outside the directory you pass in.
yoursite.com/whatever/path # The URL to download
7. Wget Download faịlụ na ndabere
Site na nhọrọ -b ị nwere ike izipu nbudata n'azụ ozugbo mmalite nbudata na ndekọ na faịlụ wget.log.
$ wget -b wget.log https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso Continuing in background, pid 8999. Output will be written to ‘wget.log’.
8. Wget Tọọ faịlụ nbudata ọsọ ọsọ
Site na nhọrọ --limit-rate=100k, oke nbudata nbudata bụ naanị 100k na ndekọ ga-emepụta n'okpuru wget.log dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
$ wget -c --limit-rate=100k -b wget.log https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso Continuing in background, pid 9108. Output will be written to ‘wget-log’.
Lelee faịlụ wget.log wee lelee ọsọ nbudata nke wget.
$ tail -f wget-log 5600K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 104K 8h19m 5650K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 103K 8h19m 5700K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 105K 8h19m 5750K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 104K 8h18m 5800K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 104K 8h18m 5850K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 105K 8h18m 5900K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 103K 8h18m 5950K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 105K 8h18m 6000K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 69.0K 8h20m 6050K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 106K 8h19m 6100K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 98.5K 8h20m 6150K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 110K 8h19m 6200K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 104K 8h19m 6250K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 104K 8h19m ...
9. Wget Budata faịlụ echekwara paswọọdụ site na FTP na HTTP
Iji budata faịlụ site na ihe nkesa FTP echekwara paswọọdụ, ị nwere ike iji nhọrọ --ftp-user=username na -ftp-password=password dị ka egosiri.
$ wget --ftp-user=narad --ftp-password=password ftp://ftp.example.com/filename.tar.gz
Iji budata faịlụ site na sava HTTP echedoro paswọọdụ, ị nwere ike iji nhọrọ -http-user=username na -http-password=password dị ka egosiri.
$ wget --http-user=narad --http-password=password http://http.example.com/filename.tar.gz
10. Wget Ileghara SSL Asambodo Lelee
Ka ileghara nlele SSL anya mgbe ị na-ebudata faịlụ n'elu HTTPS, ị nwere ike iji -no-check-certificate nhọrọ:
$ wget --no-check-certificate https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.1.tar.gz --2021-12-10 06:21:21-- https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.1.tar.gz Resolving mirrors.edge.kernel.org (mirrors.edge.kernel.org)... 147.75.95.133, 2604:1380:3000:1500::1 Connecting to mirrors.edge.kernel.org (mirrors.edge.kernel.org)|147.75.95.133|:443... connected. WARNING: The certificate of ‘mirrors.edge.kernel.org’ is not trusted. WARNING: The certificate of ‘mirrors.edge.kernel.org’ is not yet activated. The certificate has not yet been activated HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 164113671 (157M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘linux-5.1.1.tar.gz’ ...
11. Wget Version na Enyemaka
Na nhọrọ --ụdị na --enyere ị nwere ike ịlele ụdị ahụ wee nyere aka dị ka achọrọ.
$ wget --version $ wget --help
N'isiokwu a, anyị ekpuchila iwu Linux wget na nhọrọ maka ọrụ nhazi kwa ụbọchị. Do man wget ma ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịmatakwu banyere ya. Jiri obiọma kesaa site na igbe nkọwa anyị ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ihe ọ bụla agbagharala anyị, mee ka anyị mara.