Ihe Nlereanya Iwu 18 bara uru maka Linux Sysadmin ọ bụla
Linux “tar” na-anọchi anya ihe ndekọ teepu, nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka sistemụ Linux/Unix na-eji eme ihe maka nkwado ndabere nke teepu draịva.
A na-eji iwu tar dọwaa nchịkọta faịlụ na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha n'ime faịlụ echekwabara nke ukwuu nke a na-akpọ tarball ma ọ bụ tar, gzip na bzip na Linux.
Tar bụ iwu a na-ejikarị eme ihe iji mepụta faịlụ echekwabara nke nwere ike ibugharị ngwa ngwa site n'otu diski gaa na diski ma ọ bụ igwe ọzọ gaa na igwe.
N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-eleba anya ma tụlee ihe atụ iwu tar dị iche iche gụnyere otu esi emepụta faịlụ Archive site na iji (tar, tar.gz, na tar.bz2) mkpakọ, otu esi ewepụ faịlụ Archive, wepụ otu faịlụ, lelee ọdịnaya. nke faịlụ ahụ, nyochaa faịlụ, tinye faịlụ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na faịlụ ebe nchekwa dị, tụọ nha faịlụ archive tar, wdg.
[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: 7-Zip - Compress na Uncompress Files with High Compression Ratio]
Ebumnuche bụ isi nke ntuziaka a bụ ịnye ihe atụ iwu tar dị iche iche nwere ike ịbara gị uru ịghọta wee bụrụ ọkachamara n'ịkwagharị ihe ndekọ tar.
Iwu ihe atụ dị n'okpuru ga-emepụta faịlụ tar archive tecmint-14-09-12.tar maka ndekọ aha/ụlọ/tecmint na ndekọ ọrụ ugbu a. Lee iwu ihe atụ na-arụ ọrụ.
# tar -cvf tecmint-14-09-12.tar /home/tecmint/ /home/tecmint/ /home/tecmint/cleanfiles.sh /home/tecmint/openvpn-2.1.4.tar.gz /home/tecmint/tecmint-14-09-12.tar /home/tecmint/phpmyadmin-2.11.11.3-1.el5.rf.noarch.rpm /home/tecmint/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
Ka anyị tụlee nhọrọ ọ bụla ejiri na iwu dị n'elu iji mepụta faịlụ archive tar.
- c - Na-emepụta faịlụ nchekwa .tar ọhụrụ.
- v - gosi n'ezoghị ọnụ na ọganihu faịlụ .tar.
- f – Ụdị aha faịlụ nke faịlụ ebe nchekwa.
Iji mepụta faịlụ nchekwa gzip abịakọrọ, anyị na-eji nhọrọ dị ka z. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu dị n'okpuru ga-emepụta faịlụ MyImages-14-09-12.tar.gz maka ndekọ/ụlọ/MyImages. (Mara: tar.gz na tgz ha abụọ yitere).
# tar cvzf MyImages-14-09-12.tar.gz /home/MyImages OR # tar cvzf MyImages-14-09-12.tgz /home/MyImages /home/MyImages/ /home/MyImages/Sara-Khan-and-model-Priyanka-Shah.jpg /home/MyImages/RobertKristenviolent101201.jpg /home/MyImages/Justintimerlake101125.jpg /home/MyImages/Mileyphoto101203.jpg /home/MyImages/JenniferRobert101130.jpg /home/MyImages/katrinabarbiedoll231110.jpg /home/MyImages/the-japanese-wife-press-conference.jpg /home/MyImages/ReesewitherspoonCIA101202.jpg /home/MyImages/yanaguptabaresf231110.jpg
Njirimara bz2 na-akpakọ ma mepụta faịlụ ebe nchekwa na-erughị nha gzip. Mkpakọ bz2 na-ewe oge ka ukwuu iji mpikota onu na decompress faịlụ karịa gzip, nke na-ewe obere oge.
Iji mepụta faịlụ tar nke ukwuu, anyị na-eji nhọrọ j. Iwu ihe atụ a ga-emepụta faịlụ Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 maka ndekọ aha /home/php. (Cheta: tar.bz2 na tbz yiri tb2).
# tar cvfj Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 /home/php OR # tar cvfj Phpfiles-org.tar.tbz /home/php OR # tar cvfj Phpfiles-org.tar.tb2 /home/php /home/php/ /home/php/iframe_ew.php /home/php/videos_all.php /home/php/rss.php /home/php/index.php /home/php/vendor.php /home/php/video_title.php /home/php/report.php /home/php/object.html /home/php/video.php
Iji wepụ ma ọ bụ wepụ faịlụ tar, naanị nye iwu a site na iji nhọrọ x (wepụ). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu dị n'okpuru ga-ewepụ faịlụ ọha_html-14-09-12.tar na ndekọ ọrụ ugbu a.
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịpụpụ na ndekọ dị iche, jiri nhọrọ dị ka -C (ndekọ akọwapụtara akọwapụtara).
## Untar files in Current Directory ## # tar -xvf public_html-14-09-12.tar ## Untar files in specified Directory ## # tar -xvf public_html-14-09-12.tar -C /home/public_html/videos/ /home/public_html/videos/ /home/public_html/videos/views.php /home/public_html/videos/index.php /home/public_html/videos/logout.php /home/public_html/videos/all_categories.php /home/public_html/videos/feeds.xml
Ka iwepu faịlụ tar.gz , naanị mee iwu a. Ọ bụrụ na anyị ga-achọ intar na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha dị iche iche, jiri naanị nhọrọ -C na ụzọ ndekọ aha, dị ka egosiri na ihe atụ dị n'elu.
# tar -xvf thumbnails-14-09-12.tar.gz /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/ /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/katdeepika231110.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/katrinabarbiedoll231110.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/onceuponatime101125.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/playbutton.png /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/ReesewitherspoonCIA101202.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/snagItNarration.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/Minissha-Lamba.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/Lindsaydance101201.jpg /home/public_html/videos/thumbnails/Mileyphoto101203.jpg
Ka iwetuo faịlụ tar.bz2 abịakọrọ nke ukwuu, jiri naanị iwu a. Iwu ihe atụ dị n'okpuru ga-ewepụ faịlụ .flv niile na faịlụ ebe nchekwa.
# tar -xvf videos-14-09-12.tar.bz2 /home/public_html/videos/flv/katrinabarbiedoll231110.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/BrookmuellerCIA101125.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/dollybackinbb4101125.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/JenniferRobert101130.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/JustinAwardmovie101125.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/Lakme-Fashion-Week.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/Mileyphoto101203.flv /home/public_html/videos/flv/Minissha-Lamba.flv
Ka ịdepụta ọdịnaya nke faịlụ tar Archive, dị nnọọ mee iwu na-esonụ na nhọrọ t (ndepụta ọdịnaya). Iwu dị n'okpuru ga-edepụta ọdịnaya nke faịlụ uploadprogress.tar.
# tar -tvf uploadprogress.tar -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 2276 2011-08-15 18:51:10 package2.xml -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 7877 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/examples/index.php -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 1685 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/examples/server.php -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 1697 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/examples/info.php -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 367 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/config.m4 -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 303 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/config.w32 -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 3563 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/php_uploadprogress.h -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 15433 2011-08-15 18:51:10 uploadprogress/uploadprogress.c -rw-r--r-- chregu/staff 1433 2011-08-15 18:51:10 package.xml
Jiri iwu na-esonụ ka ịdepụta ọdịnaya nke faịlụ tar.gz.
# tar -tvf staging.linux-console.net.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2012-08-30 04:03:57 staging.linux-console.net-access_log -rw-r--r-- root/root 587 2012-08-29 18:35:12 staging.linux-console.net-access_log.1 -rw-r--r-- root/root 156 2012-01-21 07:17:56 staging.linux-console.net-access_log.2 -rw-r--r-- root/root 156 2011-12-21 11:30:56 staging.linux-console.net-access_log.3 -rw-r--r-- root/root 156 2011-11-20 17:28:24 staging.linux-console.net-access_log.4 -rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2012-08-30 04:03:57 staging.linux-console.net-error_log -rw-r--r-- root/root 3981 2012-08-29 18:35:12 staging.linux-console.net-error_log.1 -rw-r--r-- root/root 211 2012-01-21 07:17:56 staging.linux-console.net-error_log.2 -rw-r--r-- root/root 211 2011-12-21 11:30:56 staging.linux-console.net-error_log.3 -rw-r--r-- root/root 211 2011-11-20 17:28:24 staging.linux-console.net-error_log.4
Iji depụta ọdịnaya nke faịlụ tar.bz2, nye iwu a.
# tar -tvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 1751 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/iframe_ew.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 11220 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/videos_all.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 2152 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/rss.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 3021 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/index.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 2554 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/vendor.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 406 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/video_title.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 4116 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/report.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 1273 2012-09-15 03:06:08 /home/php/object.html
Iji wepụ otu faịlụ a na-akpọ cleanfiles.sh site na cleanfiles.sh.tar jiri iwu a.
# tar -xvf cleanfiles.sh.tar cleanfiles.sh OR # tar --extract --file=cleanfiles.sh.tar cleanfiles.sh cleanfiles.sh
Iji wepụ otu faịlụ tecmintbackup.xml na faịlụ ebe nchekwa tecmintbackup.tar.gz, jiri iwu dị ka ndị a.
# tar -zxvf tecmintbackup.tar.gz tecmintbackup.xml OR # tar --extract --file=tecmintbackup.tar.gz tecmintbackup.xml tecmintbackup.xml
Iji wepụ otu faịlụ a na-akpọ index.php na faịlụ Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 jiri nhọrọ a.
# tar -jxvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 home/php/index.php OR # tar --extract --file=Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 /home/php/index.php /home/php/index.php
Wepụ ma ọ bụ wepụ ọtụtụ faịlụ na tar, tar.gz, na tar.bz2 faịlụ Archive. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu dị n'okpuru ga-ewepụ faịlụ 1 faịlụ 2 na faịlụ ebe nchekwa.
# tar -xvf tecmint-14-09-12.tar "file1" "file2" # tar -zxvf MyImages-14-09-12.tar.gz "file1" "file2" # tar -jxvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 "file1" "file2"
Iji wepụta otu faịlụ anyị na-eji dabere na kaadị ọhịa wepụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, wepụ otu faịlụ niile usoro ha na-amalite na .php site na faịlụ tar, tar.gz na tar.bz2.
# tar -xvf Phpfiles-org.tar --wildcards '*.php' # tar -zxvf Phpfiles-org.tar.gz --wildcards '*.php' # tar -jxvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 --wildcards '*.php' /home/php/iframe_ew.php /home/php/videos_all.php /home/php/rss.php /home/php/index.php /home/php/vendor.php /home/php/video_title.php /home/php/report.php /home/php/video.php
Ka ịgbakwunye faịlụ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na faịlụ tar dị adị anyị na-eji nhọrọ r (gbakwunye). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị na-agbakwunye faịlụ xyz.txt na ndekọ ndekọ na php na faịlụ tecmint-14-09-12.tar dị ugbu a.
# tar -rvf tecmint-14-09-12.tar xyz.txt # tar -rvf tecmint-14-09-12.tar php drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-09-15 02:24:21 home/tecmint/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 15740615 2012-09-15 02:23:42 home/tecmint/cleanfiles.sh -rw-r--r-- root/root 863726 2012-09-15 02:23:41 home/tecmint/openvpn-2.1.4.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- root/root 21063680 2012-09-15 02:24:21 home/tecmint/tecmint-14-09-12.tar -rw-r--r-- root/root 4437600 2012-09-15 02:23:41 home/tecmint/phpmyadmin-2.11.11.3-1.el5.rf.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- root/root 12680 2012-09-15 02:23:41 home/tecmint/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm -rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2012-08-18 19:11:04 xyz.txt drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 1751 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/iframe_ew.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 11220 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/videos_all.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 2152 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/rss.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 3021 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/index.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 2554 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/vendor.php -rw-r--r-- root/root 406 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/video_title.php
Iwu tar enweghị nhọrọ ịgbakwunye faịlụ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na faịlụ tar.gz na tar.bz2 abịakọrọ dị adị. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-agbalị ga-enweta ndị na-esonụ njehie.
# tar -rvf MyImages-14-09-12.tar.gz xyz.txt # tar -rvf Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 xyz.txt tar: This does not look like a tar archive tar: Skipping to next header xyz.txt tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors
Iji nyochaa tar ma ọ bụ abịakọrọ faịlụ ọ bụla anyị na-eji nhọrọ W (nyochaa). Iji mee nke a, jiri naanị ihe atụ nke iwu. (Rịba ama: Ị nweghị ike ịme nkwenye na faịlụ mbikọ (*.tar.gz, *.tar.bz2)).
# tar tvfW tecmint-14-09-12.tar tar: This does not look like a tar archive tar: Skipping to next header tar: Archive contains obsolescent base-64 headers tar: VERIFY FAILURE: 30740 invalid headers detected Verify -rw-r--r-- root/root 863726 2012-09-15 02:23:41 /home/tecmint/openvpn-2.1.4.tar.gz Verify -rw-r--r-- root/root 21063680 2012-09-15 02:24:21 /home/tecmint/tecmint-14-09-12.tar tar: /home/tecmint/tecmint-14-09-12.tar: Warning: Cannot stat: No such file or directory Verify -rw-r--r-- root/root 4437600 2012-09-15 02:23:41 home/tecmint/phpmyadmin-2.11.11.3-1.el5.rf.noarch.rpm tar: /home/tecmint/phpmyadmin-2.11.11.3-1.el5.rf.noarch.rpm: Warning: Cannot stat: No such file or directory Verify -rw-r--r-- root/root 12680 2012-09-15 02:23:41 home/tecmint/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm tar: /home/tecmint/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm: Warning: Cannot stat: No such file or directory Verify -rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2012-08-18 19:11:04 xyz.txt Verify drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-09-15 03:06:08 php/
Ka ịlele nha tar, tar.gz, na tar.bz2 faịlụ Archive, jiri iwu na-esonụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu dị n'okpuru ga-egosipụta nha faịlụ nchekwa na Kilobytes (KB).
# tar -czf - tecmint-14-09-12.tar | wc -c 12820480 # tar -czf - MyImages-14-09-12.tar.gz | wc -c 112640 # tar -czf - Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2 | wc -c 20480
- c - mepụta faịlụ ebe nchekwa.
- x - wepụ faịlụ ebe nchekwa.
- v - gosi ọganihu nke faịlụ ebe nchekwa.
- f – aha faịlụ nke faịlụ ebe nchekwa.
- t - ilele ọdịnaya nke faịlụ ebe nchekwa.
- j - nzacha ebe nchekwa site na bzip2.
- z - nzacha ebe nchekwa site na gzip.
- r - tinye ma ọ bụ melite faịlụ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na faịlụ ebe nchekwa dị.
- W – Nyochaa faịlụ ebe nchekwa.
- kaadị ọhịa – Ezipụta ụkpụrụ na iwu UNIX tar.
Nke ahụ bụ maka ugbu a, nwee olile anya na ihe atụ iwu tar dị n'elu ga-ezuru gị ịmụta, yana maka ozi ndị ọzọ biko jiri iwu nwoke tar.
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ ikewa faịlụ tar archive ọ bụla n'ime ọtụtụ akụkụ ma ọ bụ ngọngọ, gaa na edemede a:
- Otu esi ekewaa faịlụ tar n'ime ọtụtụ faịlụ nke ogo ụfọdụ
- Otu esi ebudata ma wepụta faịlụ tar site n'otu iwu
Ọ bụrụ na anyị tufuru ihe atụ ọ bụla, biko soro anyị kerịta site na igbe nkọwa ma biko echefula ịkọrọ ndị enyi gị akụkọ a. Nke a bụ ụzọ kacha mma isi kwuo daalụ….