Nyochaa arụmọrụ Linux na iwu Vmstat na Iostat
Nke a bụ usoro nyocha arụmọrụ Linux anyị na-aga n'ihu, n'isiokwu a, ị ga-amụta gbasara iwu Vmstat na Iostat, nke dị na sistemụ arụmọrụ Unix niile dị ka (Linux/Unix/FreeBSD/Solaris).
iwu vmstat (nke a makwaara dị ka ngwá ọrụ ndekọ ndekọ mebere mebere) na-egosi ozi gbasara usoro, ebe nchekwa, diski na ọrụ CPU na Linux, ebe a na-eji iwu iostat iji nyochaa ojiji CPU, ndenye/mmepụta sistemụ maka diski na akụkụ niile.
Ọ bụrụ na iwu vmstat na iostat adịghị na igwe Linux gị, biko tinye ngwugwu sysstat. Iwu vmstat, sar, na iostat bụ nchịkọta ngwugwu gụnyere na sysstat - ngwaọrụ nlekota usoro.
Ị nwere ike ibudata ma wụnye sysstat site na iji tarball isi iyi sitere na njikọ sysstat, mana anyị na-akwado ịwụnye site na njikwa ngwugwu.
Wụnye Sysstat na Linux
$ sudo apt install sysstat [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint] $ sudo yum install sysstat [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux] $ sudo emerge -a app-admin/sysstat [On Gentoo Linux] $ sudo pacman -S sysstat [On Arch Linux] $ sudo zypper install sysstat [On OpenSUSE]
Mụta ihe atụ iwu Vmstat na Linux
Na ngalaba a, ị ga-amụta gbasara iwu iwu 6 vmstat na ojiji na nseta ihuenyo.
N'ihe atụ dị n'okpuru, e nwere ogidi isii. A kọwara mkpa ogidi ndị ahụ na ibe nwoke nke vmstat n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Mpaghara kachasị mkpa bụ n'efu n'okpuru ebe nchekwa na si, yabụ n'okpuru kọlụm swap.
vmstat -a procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free inact active si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 1 0 0 810420 97380 70628 0 0 115 4 89 79 1 6 90 3 0
- N'efu – Ọnụ ego oghere ebe nchekwa efu/na-adịghị arụ ọrụ.
- si – Agbanwere na sekọnd ọ bụla na diski dị na KiloBytes.
- so - A na-atụgharị ya n'otu nkeji ọ bụla na diski na KiloBytes.
Mara: Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agba vmstat na-enweghị paramita ọ ga-egosipụta nchịkọta akụkọ kemgbe buut sistemụ.
Site na iwu a, vmstat na-eme sekọnd abụọ ọ bụla wee kwụsị na-akpaghị aka ka emechara nkeji isii.
vmstat 2 6 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 810420 22064 101368 0 0 56 3 50 57 0 3 95 2 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 16 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 14 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 38 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 18 36 0 1 100 0 0
iwu vmstat nwere oke -t na-egosi akara oge nwere ahịrị ọ bụla ebipụtara dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -t 1 5 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ ---timestamp--- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 70 5 55 78 1 3 95 1 0 2012-09-02 14:57:18 IST 1 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 171 514 1 5 94 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:19 IST 1 0 0 631904 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 195 600 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:20 IST 0 0 0 631780 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 156 524 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:21 IST 1 0 0 631656 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 189 592 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:22 IST
iwu vmstat nwere -s ịgbanwee ngosipụta nke nchịkọta mmemme dị iche iche yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ebe nchekwa.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -s
1030800 total memory
524656 used memory
277784 active memory
185920 inactive memory
506144 free memory
26864 buffer memory
310104 swap cache
2064376 total swap
0 used swap
2064376 free swap
4539 non-nice user cpu ticks
0 nice user cpu ticks
11569 system cpu ticks
329608 idle cpu ticks
5012 IO-wait cpu ticks
79 IRQ cpu ticks
74 softirq cpu ticks
0 stolen cpu ticks
336038 pages paged in
67945 pages paged out
0 pages swapped in
0 pages swapped out
258526 interrupts
392439 CPU context switches
1346574857 boot time
2309 forksvmstat nwere nhọrọ -d gosipụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ diski niile nke Linux.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -d
disk- ------------reads------------ ------------writes----------- -----IO------
total merged sectors ms total merged sectors ms cur sec
ram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sr0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sda 7712 5145 668732 409619 3282 28884 257402 644566 0 126
dm-0 11578 0 659242 1113017 32163 0 257384 8460026 0 126
dm-1 324 0 2592 3845 0 0 0 0 0 2Vmstat na-egosiputa ọnụ ọgụgụ ebe nchekwa na kilobytes na ndabara, mana ị nwekwara ike igosipụta akụkọ nwere nha ebe nchekwa na megabyte na arụmụka -S M. Tụlee ihe atụ na-esonụ.
vmstat -S M 1 5 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 95 8 42 55 0 2 96 2 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 12 15 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 32 62 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 15 13 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 34 61 0 1 99 0 0
Mụta ihe atụ Iwu Iostat na Linux
Na ngalaba a, ị ga-amụta banyere 6 iostat iwu atụ na ojiji na nseta ihuenyo.
iostat na-enweghị arụmụka na-egosiputa ọnụ ọgụgụ CPU na I/O nke akụkụ niile dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
iostat
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.12 0.01 1.54 2.08 0.00 96.24
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 3.59 161.02 13.48 1086002 90882
dm-0 5.76 159.71 13.47 1077154 90864
dm-1 0.05 0.38 0.00 2576 0
iostat nwere arụmụka -c na-egosiputa naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ CPU dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
iostat -c
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.12 0.01 1.47 1.98 0.00 96.42iostat nwere arụmụka -d na-egosipụta naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ diski I/O nke akụkụ niile dịka egosiri.
iostat -d Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 3.35 149.81 12.66 1086002 91746 dm-0 5.37 148.59 12.65 1077154 91728 dm-1 0.04 0.36 0.00 2576 0
Site na ndabara, ọ na-egosiputa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụkụ niile, yana -p na arụmụka aha ngwaọrụ na-egosipụta naanị diski I/O statistics maka naanị ngwaọrụ akọwapụtara.
iostat -p sda
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.11 0.01 1.44 1.92 0.00 96.52
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 3.32 148.52 12.55 1086002 91770
sda1 0.07 0.56 0.00 4120 18
sda2 3.22 147.79 12.55 1080650 91752Na -N (Okwu ukwu) na-egosiputa naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ LVM dịka egosiri.
iostat -N
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.11 0.01 1.39 1.85 0.00 96.64
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 3.20 142.84 12.16 1086002 92466
vg_tecmint-lv_root 5.13 141.68 12.16 1077154 92448
vg_tecmint-lv_swap 0.04 0.34 0.00 2576 0Na -V (Okwu ukwu) ụdị ngosipụta paramita nke iostat dị ka egosiri.
iostat -V sysstat version 11.7.3 (C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat orange.fr)
vmstat na iostat nwere ọtụtụ ogidi na ọkọlọtọ nke nwere ike ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịkọwa n'uju. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịmatakwu gbasara ya ị nwere ike ịtụ aka mmadụ ibe vmstat na iostat.
# man vmstat # man iostat
Biko kesaa ya ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọta na isiokwu a bara uru site na igbe nkọwa anyị n'okpuru.