Ihe Nlereanya Iwu 10 na Linux
Nke a bụ usoro iwu Linux anyị na-aga n'ihu na n'isiokwu a, anyị ga-eji ihe atụ bara uru nyochaa iwu lsof. lsof nke pụtara 'LiSt Open Files' ka a na-eji chọpụta faịlụ ndị mepere emepe site na usoro.
Dị ka anyị niile maara Linux/Unix na-ewere ihe niile dị ka faịlụ (ọkpọkọ, sọks, akwụkwọ ndekọ aha, ngwaọrụ, wdg). Otu n'ime ihe kpatara eji lsof iwu bụ mgbe enweghị ike ịwụpụ diski dịka o kwuru na a na-eji faịlụ ndị ahụ. Site n'enyemaka nke iwu a, anyị nwere ike ịchọpụta faịlụ ndị a na-eji ngwa ngwa.
N'ihe atụ dị n'okpuru, ọ ga-egosi ogologo ndepụta faịlụ mepere emepe ụfọdụ n'ime ha ka ewepụtara maka nghọta ka mma nke na-egosiputa ogidi dị ka Command, PID, USER, FD, TYPE, wdg.
# lsof COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME init 1 root cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root txt REG 253,0 145180 147164 /sbin/init init 1 root mem REG 253,0 1889704 190149 /lib/libc-2.12.so init 1 root 0u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 1u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 2u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 3r FIFO 0,8 0t0 8449 pipe init 1 root 4w FIFO 0,8 0t0 8449 pipe init 1 root 5r DIR 0,10 0 1 inotify init 1 root 6r DIR 0,10 0 1 inotify init 1 root 7u unix 0xc1513880 0t0 8450 socket
Akụkụ na ụkpụrụ ha na-akọwa onwe ha. Agbanyeghị, anyị ga-enyocha kọlụm FD & TYPE nke ọma.
FD – na-anọchi anya nkọwa faịlụ ma nwee ike ịhụ ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ dị ka:
- cwd akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ugbu a
- rtd ndekọ ndekọ
- txt ederede mmemme (koodu na data)
- faịlụ mem nke mebere ebe nchekwa
Ọzọkwa na kọlụm FD dị ka 1u bụ nkọwa faịlụ n'ezie wee soro u,r,w nke ọnọdụ ya dị ka:
- r maka inweta ọgụgụ.
- w maka ịdebanye aha.
- u maka ịgụ na ide ohere.
TYPE - nke faịlụ yana njirimara.
- DIR – Akwụkwọ ndekọ
- REG – faịlụ mgbe niile
- CHR – faịlụ pụrụ iche nke agwa.
- FIFO – Nke mbụ na mbu
Iwu dị n'okpuru ga-egosipụta ndepụta faịlụ niile mepere emepe nke tecmt onye ọrụ.
# lsof -u tecmint COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1838 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / sshd 1838 tecmint rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / sshd 1838 tecmint txt REG 253,0 532336 188129 /usr/sbin/sshd sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 19784 190237 /lib/libdl-2.12.so sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 122436 190247 /lib/libselinux.so.1 sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 255968 190256 /lib/libgssapi_krb5.so.2.2 sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 874580 190255 /lib/libkrb5.so.3.3
Iji chọpụta usoro Linux niile na-agba ọsọ nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, naanị jiri iwu na-esonụ na nhọrọ -i. Ihe atụ dị n'okpuru ga-edepụta usoro niile nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 22.
# lsof -i TCP:22 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1471 root 3u IPv4 12683 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 4u IPv6 12685 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
N'ihe atụ dị n'okpuru na-egosi naanị faịlụ netwọk IPv4 na IPv6 mepere iwu dị iche iche.
# lsof -i 4 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 8u IPv4 11331 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 # lsof -i 6 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 9u IPv6 11333 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 10u IPv6 11335 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 10u IPv6 11858 0t0 UDP *:55800 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 6u IPv6 12112 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN)
Depụta usoro niile na-agba ọsọ nke faịlụ mepere emepe nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri TCP sitere na 1-1024.
# lsof -i TCP:1-1024 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 7u IPv4 12113 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 4u IPv6 12685 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) master 1551 root 13u IPv6 12898 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) sshd 1834 root 3r IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) sshd 1838 tecmint 3u IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) sshd 1871 root 3r IPv4 15842 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:groove (ESTABLISHED) httpd 1918 root 5u IPv6 15991 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd 1918 root 7u IPv6 15995 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN)
N'ebe a, anyị ewepụla onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ. Ị nwere ike wepu otu onye ọrụ site na iji '^' na iwu dị ka egosiri n'elu.
# lsof -i -u^root COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 8u IPv4 11331 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) rpcbind 1203 rpc 9u IPv6 11333 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 10u IPv6 11335 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 5r IPv4 11836 0t0 UDP *:soap-beep rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 8u IPv4 11850 0t0 UDP *:55146 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 9u IPv4 11854 0t0 TCP *:32981 (LISTEN) rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 10u IPv6 11858 0t0 UDP *:55800 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN)
Ihe atụ dị n'okpuru na-egosi tecmint onye ọrụ na-eji iwu dị ka ping na/wdg ndekọ.
# lsof -i -u tecmint COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME bash 1839 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 12288 15 /etc ping 2525 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 12288 15 /etc
Iwu na-esote nwere nhọrọ '-i' na-egosi ndepụta njikọ netwọkụ niile 'Ịge ntị & KWESỊRỊ'.
# lsof -i COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 6u IPv6 12112 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 7u IPv4 12113 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 3u IPv4 12683 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) master 1551 root 12u IPv4 12896 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) master 1551 root 13u IPv6 12898 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) sshd 1834 root 3r IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) httpd 1918 root 5u IPv6 15991 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd 1918 root 7u IPv6 15995 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN) clock-app 2362 narad 21u IPv4 22591 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:45284->www.gov.com:http (CLOSE_WAIT) chrome 2377 narad 61u IPv4 25862 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:33358->maa03s04-in-f3.1e100.net:http (ESTABLISHED) chrome 2377 narad 80u IPv4 25866 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:36405->bom03s01-in-f15.1e100.net:http (ESTABLISHED)
Ihe atụ dị n'okpuru na-egosi naanị onye PID bụ 1 [Otu].
# lsof -p 1 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME init 1 root cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root txt REG 253,0 145180 147164 /sbin/init init 1 root mem REG 253,0 1889704 190149 /lib/libc-2.12.so init 1 root mem REG 253,0 142472 189970 /lib/ld-2.12.so
Mgbe ụfọdụ ị nwere ike igbu usoro niile maka otu onye ọrụ. Iwu dị n'okpuru ga-egbu usoro niile nke onye ọrụ tecment.
# kill -9 `lsof -t -u tecmint`
Mara: N'ebe a, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịnye ihe atụ nke nhọrọ niile dị, ntuziaka a bụ naanị igosi otu esi eji iwu lsof mee ihe. Ị nwere ike ịtụ aka mmadụ ibe nke lsof iwu ka ịmatakwu banyere ya. Biko kesaa ya ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọta na isiokwu a bara uru site na igbe nkọwa anyị n'okpuru.