Iwu 20 YUM maka njikwa ngwugwu Linux


N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-amụta otú e si wụnye, melite, wepụ, chọta ngwugwu, jikwaa ngwugwu na repositories na Linux usoro iji YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) ngwá ọrụ nke RedHat mepụtara.

A na-anwale iwu ihe atụ nke egosiri n'isiokwu a na asambodo RHEL anyị, ma ọ bụ naanị iji chọpụta ụzọ ị ga-esi wụnye ngwugwu ọhụrụ ma mee ka sistemụ gị dị ọhụrụ.

Isi ihe achọrọ n'isiokwu a bụ, ị ga-enwerịrị nghọta bụ isi nke iwu yana sistemụ arụmọrụ Linux na-arụ ọrụ, ebe ị nwere ike inyocha ma na-eme iwu niile edepụtara n'okpuru.

Kedu ihe bụ YUM?

YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) bụ ahịrị iwu mepere emepe yana ngwa njikwa ngwugwu dabere na eserese maka sistemụ Linux dabere na RPM (RedHat Package Manager).

Ọ na-enye ndị ọrụ na ndị njikwa sistemu ohere ịwụnye, melite, wepu ma ọ bụ chọọ ngwungwu ngwanrọ na sistemụ. Seth Vidal mepụtara ma wepụta ya n'okpuru GPL (General Public License) dị ka ebe mepere emepe, nke pụtara na enwere ike ịhapụ onye ọ bụla ibudata na ịnweta koodu ahụ iji dozie ahụhụ na ịmepụta ngwugwu ahaziri iche.

YUM na-eji ọtụtụ ebe nchekwa ndị ọzọ wụnye ngwugwu na-akpaghị aka site na idozi nsogbu dabere ha.

Mmelite: A na-eji nkesa RPM dochie iwu yum.

Iji wụnye ngwugwu a na-akpọ Firefox, naanị mee iwu dị n'okpuru ebe a, ọ ga-achọpụta na wụnye ihe ndabere niile achọrọ maka Firefox.

# yum install firefox
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================================
 Package                    Arch        Version                    Repository            Size        
================================================================================================
Updating:
firefox                        i686        10.0.6-1.el6.centos     updates             20 M
Updating for dependencies:
 xulrunner                     i686        10.0.6-1.el6.centos     updates             12 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================================
Install       0 Package(s)
Upgrade       2 Package(s)

Total download size: 32 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): firefox-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686.rpm                                |  20 MB   01:10
(2/2): xulrunner-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686.rpm                              |  12 MB   00:52
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                           63 kB/s |  32 MB   02:04

Updated:
  firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos

Dependency Updated:
  xulrunner.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos

Complete!

Iwu a dị n'elu ga-arịọ maka nkwenye tupu ịwụnye ngwugwu ọ bụla na sistemụ gị. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịwụnye ngwugwu na-akpaghị aka na-arịọghị nkwenye ọ bụla, jiri nhọrọ -y dị ka egosiri n'okpuru atụ.

# yum -y install firefox

Iji wepu ngwungwu kpamkpam yana ihe niile dabere, mee naanị iwu na-esonụ dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.

# yum remove firefox
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos set to be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================
 Package                    Arch        Version                        Repository            Size        
====================================================================================================
Removing:
 firefox                    i686        10.0.6-1.el6.centos            @updates              23 M

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================
Remove        1 Package(s)
Reinstall     0 Package(s)
Downgrade     0 Package(s)

Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Erasing        : firefox-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686                                                                                                                          1/1

Removed:
  firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos

Complete!

N'otu ụzọ ahụ, iwu dị n'elu ga-arịọ maka nkwenye tupu iwepu ngwugwu. Iji gbanyụọ ngwa ngwa nkwenye, tinye naanị nhọrọ -y dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.

# yum -y remove firefox

Ka anyị kwuo na ị nwere ụdị ngwugwu MySQL emechiela ma ịchọrọ imelite ya na ụdị kwụsiri ike kachasị ọhụrụ. Naanị mee iwu a, ọ ga-edozi nsogbu niile dabere na akpaghị aka wee wụnye ha.

# yum update mysql
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Dependencies Resolved

============================================================================================================
 Package            Arch                Version                    Repository                    Size
============================================================================================================
Updating:
 vsftpd             i386                2.0.5-24.el5_8.1           updates                       144 k

Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================
Install       0 Package(s)
Upgrade       1 Package(s)

Total size: 144 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Updating       : vsftpd                                                                     1/2
  Cleanup        : vsftpd                                                                     2/2

Updated:
  vsftpd.i386 0:2.0.5-24.el5_8.1

Complete!

Jiri aha ndepụta chọọ ngwugwu a kapịrị ọnụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ iji chọọ ngwugwu akpọrọ OpenSSH, jiri iwu ahụ.

# yum list openssh
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.neu.edu.cn
 * epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn
 * rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net
 * updates: mirror.nus.edu.sg
Installed Packages
openssh.i386                                       4.3p2-72.el5_6.3                                                                      installed
Available Packages                                 4.3p2-82.el5                                                                          base

Iji mee ka ọchụchọ gị bụrụ nke ziri ezi, kọwaa aha ngwugwu na ụdị ha, ọ bụrụ na ị maara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ iji chọọ ụdị OpenSSH-4.3p2 nke ngwugwu ahụ, jiri iwu ahụ.

# yum list openssh-4.3p2

[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: Otu esi echekwa ma sie ike OpenSSH Server]

Ọ bụrụ na ichetaghị aha ngwugwu ahụ kpọmkwem, wee jiri ọrụ ọchụchọ ka ịchọọ ngwugwu niile dị ka ọ dabara na aha ngwugwu ị kwuru. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ka ịchọọ ngwungwu niile dabara na okwu ahụ.

# yum search vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.neu.edu.cn
 * epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn
 * rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net
 * updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in
============================== Matched: vsftpd ========================
ccze.i386 : A robust log colorizer
pure-ftpd-selinux.i386 : SELinux support for Pure-FTPD
vsftpd.i386 : vsftpd - Very Secure Ftp Daemon

Kwuo na ị ga-achọ ịma ozi gbasara ngwugwu tupu itinye ya. Iji nweta ozi na ngwugwu naanị nye iwu dị n'okpuru.

# yum info firefox
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.neu.edu.cn
 * epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn
 * rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net
 * updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in
Available Packages
Name       : firefox
Arch       : i386
Version    : 10.0.6
Release    : 1.el5.centos
Size       : 20 M
Repo       : updates
Summary    : Mozilla Firefox Web browser
URL        : http://www.mozilla.org/projects/firefox/
License    : MPLv1.1 or GPLv2+ or LGPLv2+
Description: Mozilla Firefox is an open-source web browser, designed for standards
           : compliance, performance and portability.

Ka ịdepụta ngwungwu niile dị na nchekwa data Yum, jiri iwu dị n'okpuru.

# yum list | less

Iji depụta ngwugwu niile arụnyere na sistemụ, naanị nye iwu dị n'okpuru, ọ ga-egosipụta ngwugwu niile arụnyere.

# yum list installed | less

A na-eji Yum na-enye ọrụ chọta ngwugwu otu faịlụ nwere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịma aha ngwugwu nwere /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf.

# yum provides /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
httpd-2.2.3-63.el5.centos.i386 : Apache HTTP Server
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

httpd-2.2.3-63.el5.centos.1.i386 : Apache HTTP Server
Repo        : updates
Matched from:
Filename    : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

httpd-2.2.3-65.el5.centos.i386 : Apache HTTP Server
Repo        : updates
Matched from:
Filename    : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

httpd-2.2.3-53.el5.centos.1.i386 : Apache HTTP Server
Repo        : installed
Matched from:
Other       : Provides-match: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Ka ịchọta ngwungwu ole arụnyere na sistemụ gị nwere mmelite dị, lelee iji iwu na-esonụ.

# yum check-update

Iji mee ka sistemụ gị dị ọhụrụ yana nwelite ngwungwu ọnụọgụ abụọ na ọnụọgụ abụọ, mee iwu a. Ọ ga-etinye patches kacha ọhụrụ yana mmelite nchekwa na sistemụ gị.

# yum update

Na Linux, a na-achịkọta ọtụtụ ngwugwu n'ime otu otu. Kama itinye ngwungwu onye ọ bụla na yum, ị nwere ike ịwụnye otu nke ga-etinye ngwugwu niile metụtara nke otu ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ iji depụta otu niile dị, nye naanị iwu a.

# yum grouplist
Installed Groups:
   Administration Tools
   DNS Name Server
   Dialup Networking Support
   Editors
   Engineering and Scientific
   FTP Server
   Graphics
   Java Development
   Legacy Network Server
Available Groups:
   Authoring and Publishing
   Base
   Beagle
   Cluster Storage
   Clustering
   Development Libraries
   Development Tools
   Eclipse
   Educational Software
   KDE (K Desktop Environment)
   KDE Software Development

Iji wụnye otu ngwugwu, anyị na-eji nhọrọ dị ka groupinstall. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji wụnye MySQL Database, mee iwu dị n'okpuru.

# yum groupinstall 'MySQL Database'
Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================================
Package								Arch      Version			 Repository        Size
=================================================================================================
Updating:
 unixODBC                           i386      2.2.11-10.el5      base              290 k
Installing for dependencies:
 unixODBC-libs                      i386      2.2.11-10.el5      base              551 k

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)
Upgrade       1 Package(s)

Total size: 841 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : unixODBC-libs	1/3
  Updating       : unixODBC         2/3
  Cleanup        : unixODBC         3/3

Dependency Installed:
  unixODBC-libs.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5

Updated:
  unixODBC.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5

Complete!

Ka imelite ngwungwu otu ọ bụla arụnyere, dị nnọọ mee iwu na-esonụ dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.

# yum groupupdate 'DNS Name Server'

Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================================================
 Package			Arch	        Version				Repository           Size
================================================================================================================
Updating:
 bind                           i386            30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2          updates              981 k
 bind-chroot                    i386            30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2          updates              47 k
Updating for dependencies:
 bind-libs                      i386            30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2          updates              864 k
 bind-utils                     i386            30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2          updates              174 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================
Install       0 Package(s)
Upgrade       4 Package(s)

Total size: 2.0 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Updating       : bind-libs            1/8
  Updating       : bind                 2/8
  Updating       : bind-chroot          3/8
  Updating       : bind-utils           4/8
  Cleanup        : bind                 5/8
  Cleanup        : bind-chroot          6/8
  Cleanup        : bind-utils           7/8
  Cleanup        : bind-libs            8/8

Updated:
  bind.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2                  bind-chroot.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2

Dependency Updated:
  bind-libs.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2             bind-utils.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2

Complete!

Ka ihichapụ ma ọ bụ wepụ otu ọ bụla arụnyere na sistemụ, jiri naanị iwu dị n'okpuru.

# yum groupremove 'DNS Name Server'

Dependencies Resolved

===========================================================================================================
 Package                Arch              Version                         Repository          Size
===========================================================================================================
Removing:
 bind                   i386              30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2          installed           2.1 M
 bind-chroot            i386              30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2          installed           0.0

Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================
Remove        2 Package(s)
Reinstall     0 Package(s)
Downgrade     0 Package(s)

Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Erasing        : bind                                                   1/2
warning: /etc/sysconfig/named saved as /etc/sysconfig/named.rpmsave
  Erasing        : bind-chroot                                            2/2

Removed:
  bind.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2                                        bind-chroot.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2

Complete!

Ka ịdepụta ebe nchekwa Yum niile enyere aka na sistemụ gị, jiri nhọrọ a.

# yum repolist

repo id                     repo name                                            status
base                        CentOS-5 - Base                                      enabled:  2,725
epel                        Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - i386         enabled:  5,783
extras                      CentOS-5 - Extras                                    enabled:    282
mod-pagespeed               mod-pagespeed                                        enabled:      1
rpmforge                    RHEL 5 - RPMforge.net - dag                          enabled: 11,290
updates                     CentOS-5 - Updates                                   enabled:    743
repolist: 20,824

Iwu na-esonụ ga-egosipụta ihe niile enyere na nkwarụ yum repositories na sistemụ.

# yum repolist all

repo id                     repo name                                            status
C5.0-base                   CentOS-5.0 - Base                                    disabled
C5.0-centosplus             CentOS-5.0 - Plus                                    disabled
C5.0-extras                 CentOS-5.0 - Extras                                  disabled
base                        CentOS-5 - Base                                      enabled:  2,725
epel                        Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - i386         enabled:  5,783
extras                      CentOS-5 - Extras                                    enabled:    282
repolist: 20,824

Iji tinye otu ngwugwu site na ebe nchekwa enyere ma ọ bụ nwee nkwarụ, ị ga-eji -enablerepo nhọrọ na iwu yum gị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ iji wụnye ngwungwu PhpMyAdmin, mebie iwu ahụ.

# yum --enablerepo=epel install phpmyadmin

Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================
 Package                Arch           Version            Repository           Size
=============================================================================================
Installing:
 phpMyAdmin             noarch         3.5.1-1.el6        epel                 4.2 M

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 4.2 M
Installed size: 17 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
phpMyAdmin-3.5.1-1.el6.noarch.rpm                       | 4.2 MB     00:25
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : phpMyAdmin-3.5.1-1.el6.noarch             1/1
  Verifying  : phpMyAdmin-3.5.1-1.el6.noarch             1/1

Installed:
  phpMyAdmin.noarch 0:3.5.1-1.el6

Complete!

Utility Yum na-enye shei omenala ebe ị nwere ike ịme ọtụtụ iwu.

# yum shell
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Yum Shell
> update httpd
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.sin3.sg.voxel.net
 * epel: ftp.riken.jp
 * extras: mirrors.sin3.sg.voxel.net
 * updates: mirrors.sin3.sg.voxel.net
Setting up Update Process
>

Site na ndabara yum na-edobe data ngwugwu niile enyere na /var/cache/yum/ na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ọ bụla, iji hichaa faịlụ echekwabara na ebe nchekwa enyere, ịkwesịrị ịme iwu na-esonụ mgbe niile iji hichaa cache niile wee mee. jide n'aka na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla oghere na-adịghị mkpa na-eji. Anyị achọghị ịnye mmepụta nke iwu dị n'okpuru ebe a, n'ihi na anyị na-achọ idobe data echekwara dị ka ọ dị.

# yum clean all

Ka ilele azụmahịa niile nke iwu yum gara aga, jiri naanị iwu a.

# yum history

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
ID     | Login user               | Date and time    | Action(s)      | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    10 | root               | 2012-08-11 15:19 | Install        |    3
     9 | root               | 2012-08-11 15:11 | Install        |    1
     8 | root               | 2012-08-11 15:10 | Erase          |    1 EE
     7 | root               | 2012-08-10 17:44 | Install        |    1
     6 | root               | 2012-08-10 12:19 | Install        |    2
     5 | root               | 2012-08-10 12:14 | Install        |    3
     4 | root               | 2012-08-10 12:12 | I, U           |   13 E<
     3 | root               | 2012-08-09 13:01 | Install        |    1 >
     2 | root               | 2012-08-08 20:13 | I, U           |  292 EE
     1 | System            | 2012-08-08 17:15 | Install        |  560
history list

Anyị agbalịwo iji ihe atụ ha kpuchie isi ihe niile iji kwalite iwu yum. Ọ bụrụ na ihe ọ bụla metụtara iwu yum nwere ike agbagharala ya. Biko melite anyị site na igbe nkọwa anyị. Yabụ, anyị na-emelite otu ihe dabere na nzaghachi enwetara.