Iwu 20 YUM maka njikwa ngwugwu Linux
N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-amụta otú e si wụnye, melite, wepụ, chọta ngwugwu, jikwaa ngwugwu na repositories na Linux usoro iji YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) ngwá ọrụ nke RedHat mepụtara.
A na-anwale iwu ihe atụ nke egosiri n'isiokwu a na asambodo RHEL anyị, ma ọ bụ naanị iji chọpụta ụzọ ị ga-esi wụnye ngwugwu ọhụrụ ma mee ka sistemụ gị dị ọhụrụ.
Isi ihe achọrọ n'isiokwu a bụ, ị ga-enwerịrị nghọta bụ isi nke iwu yana sistemụ arụmọrụ Linux na-arụ ọrụ, ebe ị nwere ike inyocha ma na-eme iwu niile edepụtara n'okpuru.
Kedu ihe bụ YUM?
YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) bụ ahịrị iwu mepere emepe yana ngwa njikwa ngwugwu dabere na eserese maka sistemụ Linux dabere na RPM (RedHat Package Manager).
Ọ na-enye ndị ọrụ na ndị njikwa sistemu ohere ịwụnye, melite, wepu ma ọ bụ chọọ ngwungwu ngwanrọ na sistemụ. Seth Vidal mepụtara ma wepụta ya n'okpuru GPL (General Public License) dị ka ebe mepere emepe, nke pụtara na enwere ike ịhapụ onye ọ bụla ibudata na ịnweta koodu ahụ iji dozie ahụhụ na ịmepụta ngwugwu ahaziri iche.
YUM na-eji ọtụtụ ebe nchekwa ndị ọzọ wụnye ngwugwu na-akpaghị aka site na idozi nsogbu dabere ha.
Mmelite: A na-eji nkesa RPM dochie iwu yum.
Iji wụnye ngwugwu a na-akpọ Firefox, naanị mee iwu dị n'okpuru ebe a, ọ ga-achọpụta na wụnye ihe ndabere niile achọrọ maka Firefox.
# yum install firefox Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================ Updating: firefox i686 10.0.6-1.el6.centos updates 20 M Updating for dependencies: xulrunner i686 10.0.6-1.el6.centos updates 12 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================================ Install 0 Package(s) Upgrade 2 Package(s) Total download size: 32 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): firefox-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686.rpm | 20 MB 01:10 (2/2): xulrunner-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686.rpm | 12 MB 00:52 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 63 kB/s | 32 MB 02:04 Updated: firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos Dependency Updated: xulrunner.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos Complete!
Iwu a dị n'elu ga-arịọ maka nkwenye tupu ịwụnye ngwugwu ọ bụla na sistemụ gị. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịwụnye ngwugwu na-akpaghị aka na-arịọghị nkwenye ọ bụla, jiri nhọrọ -y
dị ka egosiri n'okpuru atụ.
# yum -y install firefox
Iji wepu ngwungwu kpamkpam yana ihe niile dabere, mee naanị iwu na-esonụ dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
# yum remove firefox Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos set to be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ==================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ==================================================================================================== Removing: firefox i686 10.0.6-1.el6.centos @updates 23 M Transaction Summary ==================================================================================================== Remove 1 Package(s) Reinstall 0 Package(s) Downgrade 0 Package(s) Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : firefox-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686 1/1 Removed: firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos Complete!
N'otu ụzọ ahụ, iwu dị n'elu ga-arịọ maka nkwenye tupu iwepu ngwugwu. Iji gbanyụọ ngwa ngwa nkwenye, tinye naanị nhọrọ -y
dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
# yum -y remove firefox
Ka anyị kwuo na ị nwere ụdị ngwugwu MySQL emechiela ma ịchọrọ imelite ya na ụdị kwụsiri ike kachasị ọhụrụ. Naanị mee iwu a, ọ ga-edozi nsogbu niile dabere na akpaghị aka wee wụnye ha.
# yum update mysql Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================ Updating: vsftpd i386 2.0.5-24.el5_8.1 updates 144 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================ Install 0 Package(s) Upgrade 1 Package(s) Total size: 144 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : vsftpd 1/2 Cleanup : vsftpd 2/2 Updated: vsftpd.i386 0:2.0.5-24.el5_8.1 Complete!
Jiri aha ndepụta chọọ ngwugwu a kapịrị ọnụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ iji chọọ ngwugwu akpọrọ OpenSSH, jiri iwu ahụ.
# yum list openssh Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.neu.edu.cn * epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn * extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn * rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net * updates: mirror.nus.edu.sg Installed Packages openssh.i386 4.3p2-72.el5_6.3 installed Available Packages 4.3p2-82.el5 base
Iji mee ka ọchụchọ gị bụrụ nke ziri ezi, kọwaa aha ngwugwu na ụdị ha, ọ bụrụ na ị maara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ iji chọọ ụdị OpenSSH-4.3p2 nke ngwugwu ahụ, jiri iwu ahụ.
# yum list openssh-4.3p2
[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: Otu esi echekwa ma sie ike OpenSSH Server]
Ọ bụrụ na ichetaghị aha ngwugwu ahụ kpọmkwem, wee jiri ọrụ ọchụchọ ka ịchọọ ngwugwu niile dị ka ọ dabara na aha ngwugwu ị kwuru. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ka ịchọọ ngwungwu niile dabara na okwu ahụ.
# yum search vsftpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.neu.edu.cn * epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn * extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn * rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net * updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in ============================== Matched: vsftpd ======================== ccze.i386 : A robust log colorizer pure-ftpd-selinux.i386 : SELinux support for Pure-FTPD vsftpd.i386 : vsftpd - Very Secure Ftp Daemon
Kwuo na ị ga-achọ ịma ozi gbasara ngwugwu tupu itinye ya. Iji nweta ozi na ngwugwu naanị nye iwu dị n'okpuru.
# yum info firefox Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.neu.edu.cn * epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn * extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn * rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net * updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in Available Packages Name : firefox Arch : i386 Version : 10.0.6 Release : 1.el5.centos Size : 20 M Repo : updates Summary : Mozilla Firefox Web browser URL : http://www.mozilla.org/projects/firefox/ License : MPLv1.1 or GPLv2+ or LGPLv2+ Description: Mozilla Firefox is an open-source web browser, designed for standards : compliance, performance and portability.
Ka ịdepụta ngwungwu niile dị na nchekwa data Yum, jiri iwu dị n'okpuru.
# yum list | less
Iji depụta ngwugwu niile arụnyere na sistemụ, naanị nye iwu dị n'okpuru, ọ ga-egosipụta ngwugwu niile arụnyere.
# yum list installed | less
A na-eji Yum na-enye ọrụ chọta ngwugwu otu faịlụ nwere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịma aha ngwugwu nwere /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf.
# yum provides /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Loaded plugins: fastestmirror httpd-2.2.3-63.el5.centos.i386 : Apache HTTP Server Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf httpd-2.2.3-63.el5.centos.1.i386 : Apache HTTP Server Repo : updates Matched from: Filename : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf httpd-2.2.3-65.el5.centos.i386 : Apache HTTP Server Repo : updates Matched from: Filename : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf httpd-2.2.3-53.el5.centos.1.i386 : Apache HTTP Server Repo : installed Matched from: Other : Provides-match: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Ka ịchọta ngwungwu ole arụnyere na sistemụ gị nwere mmelite dị, lelee iji iwu na-esonụ.
# yum check-update
Iji mee ka sistemụ gị dị ọhụrụ yana nwelite ngwungwu ọnụọgụ abụọ na ọnụọgụ abụọ, mee iwu a. Ọ ga-etinye patches kacha ọhụrụ yana mmelite nchekwa na sistemụ gị.
# yum update
Na Linux, a na-achịkọta ọtụtụ ngwugwu n'ime otu otu. Kama itinye ngwungwu onye ọ bụla na yum, ị nwere ike ịwụnye otu nke ga-etinye ngwugwu niile metụtara nke otu ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ iji depụta otu niile dị, nye naanị iwu a.
# yum grouplist Installed Groups: Administration Tools DNS Name Server Dialup Networking Support Editors Engineering and Scientific FTP Server Graphics Java Development Legacy Network Server Available Groups: Authoring and Publishing Base Beagle Cluster Storage Clustering Development Libraries Development Tools Eclipse Educational Software KDE (K Desktop Environment) KDE Software Development
Iji wụnye otu ngwugwu, anyị na-eji nhọrọ dị ka groupinstall. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji wụnye MySQL Database, mee iwu dị n'okpuru.
# yum groupinstall 'MySQL Database' Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================= Updating: unixODBC i386 2.2.11-10.el5 base 290 k Installing for dependencies: unixODBC-libs i386 2.2.11-10.el5 base 551 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================= Install 1 Package(s) Upgrade 1 Package(s) Total size: 841 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : unixODBC-libs 1/3 Updating : unixODBC 2/3 Cleanup : unixODBC 3/3 Dependency Installed: unixODBC-libs.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5 Updated: unixODBC.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5 Complete!
Ka imelite ngwungwu otu ọ bụla arụnyere, dị nnọọ mee iwu na-esonụ dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
# yum groupupdate 'DNS Name Server' Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================ Updating: bind i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 updates 981 k bind-chroot i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 updates 47 k Updating for dependencies: bind-libs i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 updates 864 k bind-utils i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 updates 174 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================ Install 0 Package(s) Upgrade 4 Package(s) Total size: 2.0 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : bind-libs 1/8 Updating : bind 2/8 Updating : bind-chroot 3/8 Updating : bind-utils 4/8 Cleanup : bind 5/8 Cleanup : bind-chroot 6/8 Cleanup : bind-utils 7/8 Cleanup : bind-libs 8/8 Updated: bind.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 bind-chroot.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 Dependency Updated: bind-libs.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 bind-utils.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 Complete!
Ka ihichapụ ma ọ bụ wepụ otu ọ bụla arụnyere na sistemụ, jiri naanị iwu dị n'okpuru.
# yum groupremove 'DNS Name Server' Dependencies Resolved =========================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================================================== Removing: bind i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 installed 2.1 M bind-chroot i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 installed 0.0 Transaction Summary =========================================================================================================== Remove 2 Package(s) Reinstall 0 Package(s) Downgrade 0 Package(s) Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : bind 1/2 warning: /etc/sysconfig/named saved as /etc/sysconfig/named.rpmsave Erasing : bind-chroot 2/2 Removed: bind.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 bind-chroot.i386 30:9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.2 Complete!
Ka ịdepụta ebe nchekwa Yum niile enyere aka na sistemụ gị, jiri nhọrọ a.
# yum repolist repo id repo name status base CentOS-5 - Base enabled: 2,725 epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - i386 enabled: 5,783 extras CentOS-5 - Extras enabled: 282 mod-pagespeed mod-pagespeed enabled: 1 rpmforge RHEL 5 - RPMforge.net - dag enabled: 11,290 updates CentOS-5 - Updates enabled: 743 repolist: 20,824
Iwu na-esonụ ga-egosipụta ihe niile enyere na nkwarụ yum repositories na sistemụ.
# yum repolist all repo id repo name status C5.0-base CentOS-5.0 - Base disabled C5.0-centosplus CentOS-5.0 - Plus disabled C5.0-extras CentOS-5.0 - Extras disabled base CentOS-5 - Base enabled: 2,725 epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - i386 enabled: 5,783 extras CentOS-5 - Extras enabled: 282 repolist: 20,824
Iji tinye otu ngwugwu site na ebe nchekwa enyere ma ọ bụ nwee nkwarụ, ị ga-eji -enablerepo
nhọrọ na iwu yum gị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ iji wụnye ngwungwu PhpMyAdmin, mebie iwu ahụ.
# yum --enablerepo=epel install phpmyadmin Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================= Installing: phpMyAdmin noarch 3.5.1-1.el6 epel 4.2 M Transaction Summary ============================================================================================= Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 4.2 M Installed size: 17 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: phpMyAdmin-3.5.1-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 4.2 MB 00:25 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : phpMyAdmin-3.5.1-1.el6.noarch 1/1 Verifying : phpMyAdmin-3.5.1-1.el6.noarch 1/1 Installed: phpMyAdmin.noarch 0:3.5.1-1.el6 Complete!
Utility Yum na-enye shei omenala ebe ị nwere ike ịme ọtụtụ iwu.
# yum shell Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Yum Shell > update httpd Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.sin3.sg.voxel.net * epel: ftp.riken.jp * extras: mirrors.sin3.sg.voxel.net * updates: mirrors.sin3.sg.voxel.net Setting up Update Process >
Site na ndabara yum na-edobe data ngwugwu niile enyere na /var/cache/yum/ na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ọ bụla, iji hichaa faịlụ echekwabara na ebe nchekwa enyere, ịkwesịrị ịme iwu na-esonụ mgbe niile iji hichaa cache niile wee mee. jide n'aka na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla oghere na-adịghị mkpa na-eji. Anyị achọghị ịnye mmepụta nke iwu dị n'okpuru ebe a, n'ihi na anyị na-achọ idobe data echekwara dị ka ọ dị.
# yum clean all
Ka ilele azụmahịa niile nke iwu yum gara aga, jiri naanị iwu a.
# yum history Loaded plugins: fastestmirror ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 | root | 2012-08-11 15:19 | Install | 3 9 | root | 2012-08-11 15:11 | Install | 1 8 | root | 2012-08-11 15:10 | Erase | 1 EE 7 | root | 2012-08-10 17:44 | Install | 1 6 | root | 2012-08-10 12:19 | Install | 2 5 | root | 2012-08-10 12:14 | Install | 3 4 | root | 2012-08-10 12:12 | I, U | 13 E< 3 | root | 2012-08-09 13:01 | Install | 1 > 2 | root | 2012-08-08 20:13 | I, U | 292 EE 1 | System | 2012-08-08 17:15 | Install | 560 history list
Anyị agbalịwo iji ihe atụ ha kpuchie isi ihe niile iji kwalite iwu yum. Ọ bụrụ na ihe ọ bụla metụtara iwu yum nwere ike agbagharala ya. Biko melite anyị site na igbe nkọwa anyị. Yabụ, anyị na-emelite otu ihe dabere na nzaghachi enwetara.