Iwu Netstat 20 maka njikwa netwọkụ Linux
netstat (ọnụọgụ netwọkụ) bụ ngwa ahịrị iwu maka nyochaa njikọ netwọkụ ma mbata na ọpụpụ yana nlele tebụl ngagharị, ọnụ ọgụgụ interface, wdg.
[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: 22 Linux Networking Commands for Sysadmin]
netstat dị na Unix-dị ka Sistemụ arụmọrụ yana dịkwa na Windows OS. Ọ bara ezigbo uru n'ihe gbasara nchọpụta nsogbu netwọkụ na nha arụmọrụ.
netstat bụ otu n'ime ngwaọrụ nbibi ọrụ netwọk kacha, na-agwa gị ịge ntị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.
Ngwá ọrụ netstat dị ezigbo mkpa ma baa uru maka ndị na-ahụ maka netwọkụ netwọk Linux yana ndị na-ahụ maka usoro iji nyochaa na dozie nsogbu ndị metụtara netwọk ha ma chọpụta arụmọrụ okporo ụzọ netwọk.
Edemede a na-egosi ojiji nke iwu netstat yana ihe atụ ha nke nwere ike ịba uru na arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị.
[I nwekwara ike ịmasị gị: Ihe atụ 35 bara uru nke Linux Chọta Iwu]
Depụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri niile (ma TCP na UDP) site na iji netstat - nhọrọ.
# netstat -a | more Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 52 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59292 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:59482 *:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:35036 *:* udp 0 0 *:npmp-local *:* Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16972 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-76b-0-6fa08790553d6 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17149 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-794-0-7058d584166d2 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17161 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-792-0-546fe905321cc unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15938 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-74b-0-415135cb6aeab
Na-edepụta naanị njikọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri TCP (Protocol Control Transmission) site na iji netstat -at.
# netstat -at Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 52 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59292 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT
Ndepụta naanị UDP (User Datagram Protocol) njikọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri site na iji netstat -au.
# netstat -au Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:35036 *:* udp 0 0 *:npmp-local *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
Na-edepụta njikọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri niile na-ege ntị na netstat -l.
# netstat -l Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:58642 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:35036 *:* udp 0 0 *:npmp-local *:* Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16972 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-76b-0-6fa08790553d6 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17149 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-794-0-7058d584166d2 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17161 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-792-0-546fe905321cc unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15938 /tmp/orbit-root/linc-74b-0-415135cb6aeab
Depụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri TCP niile na-arụsi ọrụ ike site na iji netstat -lt nhọrọ.
# netstat -lt Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 *:dctp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:mysql *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:munin *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:https *:* LISTEN
Na-edepụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri UDP niile na-arụsi ọrụ ike site na iji netstat -lu nhọrọ.
# netstat -lu Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:39578 *:* udp 0 0 *:meregister *:* udp 0 0 *:vpps-qua *:* udp 0 0 *:openvpn *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:* udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* udp 0 0 *:ipp *:* udp 0 0 *:60222 *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
Na-edepụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri UNIX na-arụ ọrụ na-eji netstat -lx.
# netstat -lx Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 4171 @ISCSIADM_ABSTRACT_NAMESPACE unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5767 /var/run/cups/cups.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7082 @/tmp/fam-root- unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6157 /dev/gpmctl unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6215 @/var/run/hald/dbus-IcefTIUkHm unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6038 /tmp/.font-unix/fs7100 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6175 /var/run/avahi-daemon/socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 4157 @ISCSID_UIP_ABSTRACT_NAMESPACE unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 60835836 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 4645 /var/run/audispd_events unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5136 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6216 @/var/run/hald/dbus-wsUBI30V2I unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5517 /var/run/acpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5531 /var/run/pcscd.comm
Na-egosiputa ọnụ ọgụgụ site na protocol. Site na ndabara, egosiri ọnụ ọgụgụ maka ụkpụrụ TCP, UDP, ICMP na IP. Enwere ike iji paramita -s kọwaa otu usoro ụkpụrụ.
# netstat -s
Ip:
2461 total packets received
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
2431 incoming packets delivered
2049 requests sent out
Icmp:
0 ICMP messages received
0 input ICMP message failed.
ICMP input histogram:
1 ICMP messages sent
0 ICMP messages failed
ICMP output histogram:
destination unreachable: 1
Tcp:
159 active connections openings
1 passive connection openings
4 failed connection attempts
0 connection resets received
1 connections established
2191 segments received
1745 segments send out
24 segments retransmited
0 bad segments received.
4 resets sent
Udp:
243 packets received
1 packets to unknown port received.
0 packet receive errors
281 packets sent
Na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke naanị TCP protocol site na iji nhọrọ netstat -st.
# netstat -st
Tcp:
2805201 active connections openings
1597466 passive connection openings
1522484 failed connection attempts
37806 connection resets received
1 connections established
57718706 segments received
64280042 segments send out
3135688 segments retransmited
74 bad segments received.
17580 resets sent# netstat -su
Udp:
1774823 packets received
901848 packets to unknown port received.
0 packet receive errors
2968722 packets sentIgosipụta aha ọrụ na nọmba PID ha, iji netstat -tp nhọrọ ga-egosipụta PID/Aha mmemme.
# netstat -tp Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED 2179/sshd tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59292 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT 1939/clock-applet
Na-egosipụta ọnọdụ mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na -ac switch, netstat bipụta ozi ahọpụtara ma ọ bụ ihuenyo ume ọhụrụ kwa sekọnd ise ọ bụla. Ihuenyo ndabara na-enweta ume kwa sekọnd ọ bụla.
# netstat -ac 5 | grep tcp tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:58642 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 1 0 192.168.0.2:59447 www.gov.com:http CLOSE_WAIT tcp 0 52 192.168.0.2:ssh 192.168.0.1:egs ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:59482 *:* LISTEN
Gosipụta tebụl ntụgharị kernel IP nwere netstat na iwu ụzọ.
# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
Na-egosi azụmahịa ngwungwu interface netwọk gụnyere ma ịnyefe na ịnata ngwugwu nwere nha MTU.
# netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 0 4459 0 0 0 4057 0 0 0 BMRU lo 16436 0 8 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 LRU
Na-egosi tebụl interface kernel, dị ka iwu ifconfig.
# netstat -ie
Kernel Interface table
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:B4:DA:21
inet addr:192.168.0.2 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feb4:da21/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4486 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4077 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2720253 (2.5 MiB) TX bytes:1161745 (1.1 MiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:480 (480.0 b) TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)Na-egosiputa ozi ndị otu multicast maka ma IPv4 na IPv6.
# netstat -g IPv6/IPv4 Group Memberships Interface RefCnt Group --------------- ------ --------------------- lo 1 all-systems.mcast.net eth0 1 224.0.0.251 eth0 1 all-systems.mcast.net lo 1 ff02::1 eth0 1 ff02::202 eth0 1 ff02::1:ffb4:da21 eth0 1 ff02::1
Iji nweta ozi netstat ọ bụla sekọnd ole na ole, wee jiri iwu na-esonụ, ọ ga-ebipụta ozi netstat na-aga n'ihu, kwuo kwa sekọnd ole na ole.
# netstat -c Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:36944 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg010.shr.prod.s:42110 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 132 linux-console.net:ssh 115.113.134.3.static-:64662 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http crawl-66-249-71-240.g:41166 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:54823 localhost.localdomain:smtp TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 localhost.localdomain:54822 localhost.localdomain:smtp TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg010.shr.prod.s:42091 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:36998 TIME_WAIT
Ịchọta ezinụlọ adreesị na-ahazighị ya nwere ozi bara uru.
# netstat --verbose netstat: no support for `AF IPX' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF AX25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF X25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF NETROM' on this system.
Chọpụta ọtụtụ mmemme ige ntị na-agba n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.
# netstat -ap | grep http tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN 9056/httpd tcp 0 0 *:https *:* LISTEN 9056/httpd tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg008.shr.prod.s:35248 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:57783 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg007.shr.prod.s:57769 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg008.shr.prod.s:35270 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg009.shr.prod.s:41637 TIME_WAIT - tcp 0 0 linux-console.net:http sg2nlhg009.shr.prod.s:41614 TIME_WAIT - unix 2 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 88586726 10394/httpd
# netstat --statistics --raw
Ip:
62175683 total packets received
52970 with invalid addresses
0 forwarded
Icmp:
875519 ICMP messages received
destination unreachable: 901671
echo request: 8
echo replies: 16253
IcmpMsg:
InType0: 83
IpExt:
InMcastPkts: 117
Nke ahụ bụ ya, Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ ozi ndị ọzọ na nhọrọ gbasara iwu netstat, rụtụ aka na akwụkwọ ntuziaka netstat ma ọ bụ jiri iwu netstat man mara ozi niile.
Ọ bụrụ na anyị tufuru ihe ọ bụla na ndepụta ahụ, biko gwa anyị site na iji ngalaba nkọwa anyị n'okpuru. Yabụ, anyị nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-emelite ndepụta a dabere na nkwupụta gị.