Sava Webụsaịtị 8 kacha mma mepere emepe


Ọ bụ njem dị ogologo kemgbe ewepụtara sava weebụ mbụ azụ na 1991. Ruo ogologo oge, Apache bụ naanị sava weebụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Otú ọ dị, ka oge na-aga, sava weebụ ndị ọzọ na-emepe emepe enwetala mmasị.

N'ime ntuziaka a, anyị na-elele ụfọdụ sava weebụ mepere emepe kacha mma.

1. Apache HTTP Server

Ihe nkesa HTTP Apache, nke a na-akpọ Apache ma ọ bụ httpd na nkesa Red Hat bụ sava weebụ efu na nke mepere emepe nke Apache Software Foundation mebere n'okpuru ụdị ikike Apache 2. Ewepụtara na 1995, Apache etoola n'ọwụli na oke ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ihe kachasị ewu ewu. yana sava weebụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe, na-enye ike karịa 37% nke weebụsaịtị niile.

Edere Apache n'asụsụ C ma bụrụkwa sava weebụ nwere ike ịhazi ya nke ukwuu n'ihi ọtụtụ modul ya na-agbatị ọrụ sava weebụ. Ndị a gụnyere mod_file_cache maka caching, mod_ftp iji nye nkwado FTP maka bulite faịlụ na nbudata, yana mod_ssl nke na-enye nkwado maka ụkpụrụ nzuzo SSL/TLS, yana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Na mgbakwunye, n'inye modul ya bara ụba, Apache na-enye nkwado protocol dị iche iche dịka ma nkwado IPv4 na IPv6 yana HTTP, HTTP/2 na protocol HTTPS na-ejikarị.

Apache na-enyekwa nkwado nnabata mebere nke na-enye gị ohere ịnabata ọtụtụ ngalaba ma ọ bụ weebụsaịtị. Na-ahazi mebere ụsụụ ndị agha, otu ihe nkesa nwere ike nọrọ n'ụlọ ọtụtụ ngalaba na mfe na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla complexities. Ị nwere ike inwe example.com, example.edu, example.info na ndị ọzọ.

Mụta otu esi etinye sava weebụ Apache na nkesa Linux site na iji ntuziaka ndị a.

  • Etu esi etinye sava weebụ Apache na Ubuntu 20.04
  • Otu esi etinye Apache site na iji Virtual Host na CentOS 8

2. Nginx sava weebụ

Akpọrọ ya dị ka Engine-X, onye na-ebu ibu, proxy reverse, IMAP/POP3 sava proxy, na ọnụ ụzọ API. Na mbụ Igor Sysoev mepụtara na 2004, Nginx toro na ewu ewu iji kpochapụ ndị na-asọmpi wee bụrụ otu n'ime sava weebụ kachasị kwụsiri ike na ntụkwasị obi.

Nginx na-adọta aha ya site na iji ihe onwunwe dị ala, scalability, na nnukwu concurrency. N'ezie, mgbe tweaked nke ọma, Nginx nwere ike ijikwa arịrịọ 500,000 kwa nkeji na iji CPU dị ala. N'ihi nke a, ọ bụ ihe nkesa weebụ kachasị mma maka ịkwado weebụsaịtị ndị nwere okporo ụzọ ma na-akụ Apache aka.

Saịtị ndị ewu ewu na-agba ọsọ na Nginx gụnyere LinkedIn, Adobe, Xerox, Facebook, na Twitter iji kwuo ole na ole.

Nginx dabere na nhazi na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịme tweaks na dị ka Apache, ọ na-akwado ọtụtụ usoro iwu, nkwado SSL/TLS, nnabata mebere, nhazi ibu, na URL na-edegharị iji kwuo ole na ole. Ugbu a, Nginx na-enye iwu oke ahịa nke 31% nke weebụsaịtị niile akwadoro.

Mụta otu esi etinye sava weebụ Nginx na nkesa Linux site na iji ntuziaka ndị a.

  • Etu esi etinye sava Weebụ Nginx na Ubuntu 20.04
  • Otu esi etinye Nginx na CentOS 8

3. Lighttpd sava weebụ

Lighttpd bụ sava weebụ na-emepe emepe nke emebere ya maka ngwa dị oke egwu. N'adịghị ka Apache na Nginx, ọ nwere obere akara ukwu (ihe na-erughị 1 MB) yana ọ dị oke ọnụ ahịa na ihe nkesa dị ka iji CPU.

Kesara n'okpuru ikikere BSD, Lighttpd na-agba ọsọ na sistemụ Linux/Unix mana enwere ike itinye ya na Microsoft Windows. Ọ na-ewu ewu maka ịdị mfe ya, nhazi dị mfe, arụmọrụ yana nkwado modul.

A na-ahazi ụkpụrụ ụlọ Lighttpd iji jikwaa nnukwu njikọ njikọ ndị dị oke mkpa maka ngwa weebụ na-arụ ọrụ dị elu. Sava webụ na-akwado FastCGI, CGI, na SCGI maka imekọrịta mmemme na sava weebụ. Ọ na-akwado ngwa weebụ nke edere n'ọtụtụ asụsụ mmemme nwere nlebara anya pụrụ iche enyere PHP, Python, Perl, na Ruby.

Njirimara ndị ọzọ gụnyere nkwado SSL/TLS, mkpakọ HTTP site na iji modul mod_compress, nnabata mebere, yana nkwado maka modul dị iche iche.

Mụta otu esi etinye sava weebụ Lighttpd na nkesa Linux site na iji ntuziaka ndị a.

  • Otu esi etinye Lighttpd na CentOS
  • Otu esi etinye Lighttpd na Ubuntu

4. Apache Tomcat

Apache Tomcat bụ mmejuputa mmeghe nke injin Java servlet, asụsụ nkwupụta Java na ibe weebụ sava Java. Ọ na-abịa n'ofe dị ka ezigbo nhọrọ maka ndị mmepe na-ewu ma na-ebuga ngwa dabere na Java.

N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ziri ezi, Tomcat abụghị sava weebụ nkịtị dị ka Nginx ma ọ bụ Apache. Ọ bụ servlet Java nke na-abịa na arụ ọrụ agbatịkwuru maka iso ndị ọrụ Java na-emekọrịta ihe ma n'otu oge ahụ na-emejuputa nkọwapụta nka dị ka ibe JavaServer (JSP), na Java Expression Language (Java EL).

Kedu ihe na-eme Tomcat dị iche na sava weebụ ndị ọzọ na ọ na-akwado ya iji jeere ọdịnaya dabere na Java. Emebere ya na mbụ iji nye ọrụ JSP nke enweghị na sava Apache HTTP.

Ị nwere ike ịgba ọsọ Apache Tomcat n'akụkụ ihe nkesa HTTP Apache na ọnọdụ ebe ị na-eji ma PHP na Java ọdịnaya eme ihe. Ihe nkesa HTTP Apache nwere ike ijikwa ọdịnaya kwụ ọtọ & ike dị ka Tomcat na-ejikwa ọrụ JSP.

N'onwe ya, Otú ọ dị, Apache Tomcat abụghị sava weebụ zuru oke ma ọ bụghị nke ọma dị ka sava weebụ omenala dị ka Nginx na Apache.

Mụta ka esi etinye Apache Tomcat na nkesa Linux site na iji ntuziaka ndị a.

  • Etu esi etinye Apache Tomcat na Ubuntu
  • Otu esi etinye Apache Tomcat na RHEL 8
  • Otu esi etinye Apache Tomcat na CentOS 8
  • Otu esi etinye Apache Tomcat na Debian 10

5. Caddy Web Server

Edere ya na Go, Caddy bụ sava weebụ dị ngwa ma dịkwa ike nke nwekwara ike rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya ngbanwe, ihe ndozi ibu, yana ọnụ ụzọ API. Emebere ihe niile n'enweghị ihe ndabere yana akụkụ a na-eme ka Caddy dị mfe ịwụnye na iji.

Site na ndabara, Caddy na-akwado HTTPS ma na-elekọta mmelite SSL/TLS ngwa ngwa. Enweghị ndabere na-abawanye ibugharị ya na nkesa dị iche iche na-enweghị esemokwu ọ bụla na ụlọ akwụkwọ.

Ọ bụ ezigbo sava weebụ maka ịgba ọsọ ngwa edere na GO ma na-enye nkwado zuru oke maka IPv6 na HTTP/2 iji mee ka arịrịọ HTTP ngwa ngwa. Ọ na-akwado nnabata mebere, teknụzụ WebSockets dị elu, URL na-edegharị, na redirects, caching na static faịlụ na-eje ozi na mkpakọ, na ntinye akara.

Caddy nwere obere oke ahịa yana dịka W3techs si kwuo, ọ na-aza naanị 0.05% nke oke ahịa.

Mụta otu esi etinye sava weebụ Caddy na nkesa Linux site na iji ntuziaka ndị a.

  • Etu esi eji HTTPS kwado webụsaịtị site na iji Caddy na Linux

6. OpenLiteSpeed Web Sava

OpenLiteSpeed bụ sava weebụ mepere emepe emebere maka ọsọ, ịdị mfe, nchekwa, na nkwalite. Ọ dabere na mbipụta sava Weebụ LiteSpeed Enterprise ma na-enye atụmatụ niile dị mkpa na mbipụta Enterprise.

Sava webụ OpenLiteSpeed na-agba n'usoro ihe omume, ihe omume enyi na-eju anya yana njirimara WebAdmin GUI nwere enyi na-enyere gị aka ijikwa ngalaba/saịtị gị yana nyochaa ọtụtụ metrik. Emebere ya iji mebie ụdị edemede dị iche iche dị ka Perl, Python, Ruby, na Java. OpenLiteSpeed na-akwado ma IPv4 na IPv6 na nkwado SSL/TLS. IT na-enye nkwado maka TLS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, na 1.3.

Ị ga-enwetakwa ịnụ ụtọ ntugharị bandwidth, ngwa ngwa cache nwere ọgụgụ isi, nkwado HTTP, yana njikwa nnweta dabere na IP. Na mgbakwunye, ị ga-erite uru na caching ibe dị elu, yana ikike sava weebụ ijikwa ọtụtụ puku njikọ na-emekọ ihe.

Ewezuga ime ihe dị ka sava webụ, OpenLiteSpeed nwere ike ijere onye na-edozi ibu ma tụgharịa proxy. Ọ bụ n'efu ka ibudata ma dị n'okpuru ikike GPLv3.

Mụta otu esi etinye sava weebụ OpenLiteSpeed na nkesa Linux site na iji ntuziaka ndị a.

  • Etu esi etinye sava Weebụ OpenLiteSpeed na CentOS 8

7. Hiawatha Web Server

Edere ya na C, Hiawatha bụ sava weebụ dị fechaa yana echekwara maka ọsọ, nchekwa na ịdị mfe iji. Koodu ya na njiri mara ya nke ukwuu ma nwee ike igbochi mwakpo injection XSS na SQL. Hiawatha na-enyekwa gị ohere iji ngwa nleba anya pụrụ iche nyochaa ihe nkesa gị.

Ọ dịkwa mfe ịwụnye wee bịa na akwụkwọ zuru oke iji duzie gị wee nye gị ozi niile ịchọrọ. Hiawatha na-abịa akwadoro maka sistemụ agbakwunyere ma ọ bụ sava ochie nwere nkọwa dị ala.

8. NodeJS

Nke a nwere ike na-awụ akpata oyi. Ee, NodeJS bụ isi ihe mepere emepe na mpaghara ihe nkesa na-agafe agafe ejiri maka iwulite ngwa weebụ na Javascript. Otú ọ dị, a na-ejikọta ya na modul http nke na-enye nhazi nke klas na ọrụ na-agbatị ọrụ ya ma na-enyere ya aka ịrụ ọrụ nke sava weebụ.

Mụta ka esi etinye NodeJS na nkesa Linux site na iji ntuziaka ndị a.

  • Etu esi etinye NodeJS na NPM kacha ọhụrụ na Linux

Ọ bụ ezie na anyị ekpuchila ụfọdụ sava weebụ mepere emepe kacha mma, a naghị atụba ndepụta ahụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla. Ọ bụrụ na ị chere na anyị ahapụla otu sava weebụ nke kwesịrị ịpụta na ndepụta a, tie anyị mkpu.