Otu esi etinye sava weebụ Apache na Ubuntu 20.04
Ntuziaka a ga-ewega gị site na ntinye nke sava weebụ Apache na Ubuntu 20.04. Ọ na-agụnye ijikwa ọrụ Apache2, mepee ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri webụsaịtị na firewall, ịnwale nrụnye Apache2, na ịhazi gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọbịa.
Gụọ njikọ: Otu esi etinye Nginx Web Server na Ubuntu 20.04
- Otu esi etinye sava Ubuntu 20.04
Ịwụnye Apache2 na Ubuntu 20.04
1. Nke mbụ, banye n'ime sistemụ Ubuntu 20.04 gị wee melite ngwugwu sistemụ gị site na iji iwu dabara adaba.
$ sudo apt update
2. Ozugbo usoro mmelite ahụ zuru, wụnye ngwanrọ sava weebụ Apache2 dị ka ndị a.
$ sudo apt install apache2
3. Mgbe ị na-etinye ngwugwu Apache2, onye nrụnye na-eme ka sistemu malite na-akpaghị aka ma mee ka ọrụ apache2 rụọ ọrụ. Ị nwere ike ịchọpụta na ọrụ apache2 na-arụ ọrụ/na-agba ọsọ ma na-enyere gị aka ịmalite na-akpaghị aka na mmalite usoro site na iji iwu systemctl ndị a.
$ sudo systemctl is-active apache2 $ sudo systemctl is-enabled apache2 $ sudo systemctl status apache2
Ijikwa Apache na Ubuntu 20.04
4. Ugbu a na sava weebụ apache gị na-agba ọsọ, ọ bụ oge ịmụta ụfọdụ iwu nchịkwa isi iji jikwaa usoro apache site na iji iwu systemctl ndị a.
$ sudo systemctl stop apache2 #stop apache2 $ sudo systemctl start apache2 #start apache2 $ sudo systemctl restart apache2 #restart apache2 $ sudo systemctl reload apache2 #reload apache2 $ sudo systemctl disable apache2 #disable apache2 $ sudo systemctl enable apache2 #enable apache2
Na-ahazi Apache na Ubuntu 20.04
5. A na-echekwa faịlụ nhazi Apache2 niile na /etc/apache2 directory, ị nwere ike ịlele faịlụ niile na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha n'okpuru ya site na iwu ls na-esonụ.
$ ls /etc/apache2/*
6. Ndị a bụ faịlụ nhazi isi na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ị kwesịrị iburu n'uche:
- /etc/apache2/apache2.conf – Isi faịlụ nhazi zuru ụwa ọnụ Apache, nke gụnyere faịlụ nhazi ndị ọzọ niile.
- /etc/apache2/conf-available – na-echekwa nhazi dịnụ.
- /etc/apache2/conf-enabled – nwere nhazi agbanyere.
- /etc/apache2/mods-dị - nwere modul dịnụ.
- /etc/apache2/mods-enabled – nwere modul agbanyere.
- /etc/apache2/sites-dị - nwere faịlụ nhazi maka saịtị dịnụ (ndị ọbịa nkịtị).
- /etc/apache2/sites-enabled – nwere faịlụ nhazi maka saịtị ndị enyere aka (ndị ọbịa nkịtị).
Rịba ama na ọ bụrụ na edoghị FQDN nkesa nkesa n'ụwa nile, ị ga-enweta ịdọ aka ná ntị na-esonụ oge ọ bụla ị na-elele ọnọdụ ọrụ apache2 ma ọ bụ mee nyocha nhazi.
apachectl[2996]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.0.2.15.
Tọọ iwu Aha Server zuru ụwa ọnụ na faịlụ nhazi Apache bụ isi iji kwụsị ozi a.
7. Iji tọọ FQDN nke sava weebụ, jiri iwu ServerAme na faịlụ /etc/apache2/apache2.conf, mepee ya maka idezi site na iji nchịkọta ederede ọkacha mmasị gị.
$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
Tinye ahịrị na-esonụ na faịlụ (iji FQDN gị dochie webserver1.linux-console.net).
ServerName webserver1.linux-console.net
8. Mgbe agbakwunyere aha ihe nkesa na nhazi apache, lelee syntax nhazi maka izi ezi, ma malitegharịa ọrụ ahụ.
$ sudo apache2ctl configtest $ sudo systemctl restart apache2
9. Ugbu a, mgbe ị na-elele ọnọdụ ọrụ apache2, ịdọ aka ná ntị ekwesịghị ịpụta.
$ sudo systemctl status apache2
Mepee ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Apache na UFW Firewall
10. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ọkụ ọkụ UFW na-arụ ọrụ ma na-arụ ọrụ na usoro gị, ịkwesịrị imepe HTTP (ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 80) na HTTPS (ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 443) na nhazi firewall, iji kwe ka okporo ụzọ weebụ gaa na sava weebụ Apache2 site na firewall.
$ sudo ufw allow http $ sudo ufw allow https $ sudo ufw reload OR $ sudo ufw allow 80/tcp $ sudo ufw allow 443/tcp $ sudo ufw reload
Na-anwale Apache na Ubuntu 20.04
11. Iji nwalee ma nwụnye Apache2 webserver na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, mepee ihe nchọgharị weebụ, wee jiri adreesị IP nke ihe nkesa gị gaa:
http://SERVER_IP
Iji chọpụta adreesị IP ọha nke sava gị, jiri nke ọ bụla n'ime iwu curl ndị a.
$ curl ifconfig.co OR $ curl ifconfig.me OR $ curl icanhazip.com
Ọ bụrụ n’ịhụ ibe weebụ nnabata Apache Ubuntu, ọ pụtara na nrụnye sava weebụ gị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
Ịtọlite Ndị ọbịa Virtual na Ubuntu 20.04
Ọ bụ ezie na ahaziri sava weebụ Apache2 na ndabara iji kwado otu webụsaịtị, ị nwere ike iji ya webata ọtụtụ weebụsaịtị/ngwa n'iji echiche nke \Virtual Host.
Ya mere Virtual Host bụ okwu na-ezo aka na omume nke na-agba ọsọ karịa otu webụsaịtị/ngwa (dị ka example.com na example1.com) na otu nkesa.
Ọzọkwa, Virtual Hosts nwere ike ịbụ “aha dabere” (nke pụtara na ị nwere ọtụtụ ngalaba/aha nnabata na-agba ọsọ na otu adreesị IP), ma ọ bụ “dabere na IP” (nke pụtara na ị nwere adreesị IP dị iche maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọ bụla).
Rịba ama na onye nnabata ndabara nke na-ejere Apache Ubuntu ndabara ibe weebụ nke a na-eji nwalee nrụnye Apache2 dị na ndekọ /var/www/html ndekọ.
$ ls /var/www/html/
12. Maka ntuziaka a, anyị ga-emepụta onye ọbịa maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ a na-akpọ linuxdesktop.info. Ya mere, ka anyị buru ụzọ mepụta mgbọrọgwụ akwụkwọ weebụ maka saịtị nke ga-echekwa faịlụ weebụ nke saịtị ahụ.
$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info
13. Ọzọ, tọọ ikike na ikike kwesịrị ekwesị na ndekọ aha emepụtara.
$ sudo chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info $ sudo chmod 775 -R /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info
14. Ugbu a mepụta ibe index sample maka ebumnuche nnwale.
$ sudo vim /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info/index.html
Detuo na mado koodu HTML na-esote n'ime ya.
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to linuxdesktop.info!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Congrats! The new linuxdesktop.info virtual host is working fine.</h1>
</body>
</html>
Chekwaa faịlụ ahụ wee pụọ.
15. Ọzọ, ịkwesịrị ịmepụta faịlụ nhazi nhazi nke ọma (nke kwesịrị ịkwụsị na .conf ndọtị) maka saịtị ọhụrụ n'okpuru /etc/apache2/sites-available directory.
$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/linuxdesktop.info.conf
Mgbe ahụ, detuo na mado nhazi ndị a ya faịlụ (cheta na iji FQDN gị dochie www.linuxdesktop.info).
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.linuxdesktop.info
ServerAlias linuxdesktop.info
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/linuxdesktop.info_error.log
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/linuxdesktop.info_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
Chekwaa faịlụ ahụ wee pụọ.
16. Na-esote, mee ka saịtị ọhụrụ ahụ ma bugharịa nhazi Apache2 iji tinye mgbanwe ọhụrụ dị ka ndị a.
$ sudo a2ensite linuxdesktop.info.conf $ sudo systemctl reload apache2
17. N'ikpeazụ, nwalee ma ọ bụrụ na ọhụrụ virtual host nhazi na-arụ ọrụ ọma. Na ihe nchọgharị weebụ, jiri FQDN gị ịnyagharịa.
http://domain-name
Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ike ịhụ ibe index maka weebụsaịtị ọhụrụ gị, ọ pụtara na onye ọbịa na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
Ọ gwụla! N'ime ntuziaka a, anyị egosila otu esi etinye sava weebụ Apache na Ubuntu 20.04. Anyị kpuchirikwa otu esi ejikwa ọrụ Apache2, mepee HTTP na HTTPS ọrụ/ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na UFW firewall, nwalere nrụnye Apache2, ma hazie ma nwalee ebe obibi ndị ọbịa. Ị nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla, jiri ụdị nkọwa dị n'okpuru ebe a iru anyị.