Kedu ihe bụ PostgreSQL? Kedu ka PostgreSQL si arụ ọrụ?

PostgreSQL bụ usoro njikwa nchekwa data mepere emepe nke ụlọ ọrụ kacha elu n'ụwa nke PostgreSQL Global Development Group mepụtara. Ọ bụ sistemụ nchekwa data SQL (Structured Query Language) dị ike na nke nwere ike ịgbatị ihe na-ewu ewu maka ntụkwasị obi ya, njirimara siri ike na arụmọrụ dị elu. A maara na ọ ga-abụ nke ukwuu ma na ọnụọgụ data ọ nwere ike ịchekwa ma jikwaa yana ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọrụ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ nwere ike ịnabata.

PostgreSQL dị ma kesaa n'okpuru ikikere PostgreSQL, ikike isi mmalite mepere emepe. Nke a pụtara na ị nwere ike budata ngwanro, jiri, gbanwee ma kesaa ya n'efu maka ebumnuche ọ bụla. Ọ bụkwa cross-platform, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Linux, Windows, na MacOS, yana ọtụtụ sistemụ arụmọrụ ndị ọzọ.

  • Budata PostgreSQL 12

Ọ na-eji ma gbasaa asụsụ SQL nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ dị ike na nke ọgbara ọhụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-akwado SQL ebe a na-akwado ọtụtụ njirimara achọrọ site na ọkọlọtọ SQL (ụdị PostgreSQL kachasị ọhụrụ bụ 12 n'oge ederede na-akwado ma ọ dịkarịa ala 160 n'ime njirimara 179 dị mkpa maka SQL), enwere obere mgbanwe dị na ya. syntax ma ọ bụ ọrụ.

PostgreSQL na-eji ụdị ihe nkesa ahịa-ebe onye ahịa na ihe nkesa nwere ike ibi na ndị ọbịa dị iche iche na gburugburu netwọk. Mmemme ihe nkesa na-ejikwa faịlụ nchekwa data, na-anabata njikọ na nchekwa data sitere na ngwa ndị ahịa. Ọ nwere ike ijikwa njikọ dị iche iche site na ndị ahịa site na ịmepụta usoro ọhụrụ maka njikọ ọ bụla. Ọ na-eme arịrịọ nchekwa data sitere n'aka ndị ahịa wee ziga nsonaazụ ya na ndị ahịa. Ndị ahịa dịpụrụ adịpụ nwere ike jikọọ na netwọk ma ọ bụ ịntanetị na sava ahụ.

Mmemme ndị ahịa bara uru gụnyere ngwaọrụ dabere na ederede na-ebufe na PostgreSQL, ngwa eserese, ma ọ bụ ngwa emepụtara site na iji asụsụ mmemme ndị ọzọ.

Akụkụ bụ isi nke PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL na-akwado ọtụtụ ụdị data gụnyere primitives (dị ka eriri, integer, ọnụọgụ, na boolean), ahaziri (dị ka ụbọchị/oge, array, range, na UUID), akwụkwọ (JSON, JSONB, XML, Key-Uru (Hstore) ), geometry (isi, ahịrị, okirikiri, na polygon), na nhazi (ụdị ngwakọta na omenala). Ọ na-akwado iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe data site na iji atụmatụ dị ka UNIQUE, Ọ BỤGHỊ FULL, igodo isi na mba ofesi, mmachi mwepu, ihe doro anya na mkpọchi ndụmọdụ.

  • A na-ewu ya maka concurrency na ịrụ ọrụ site na iji ọtụtụ atụmatụ na-agụnye indexing na elu indexing, azụmahịa na akwu azụmahịa, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC), parallelization nke ịgụ ajụjụ, na-ewu B-osisi index, table partitioning, Just -In-Time (JIT) nchịkọta okwu, na ndị ọzọ.
  • Iji hụ na a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, mgbapụta data, ịdị elu dị elu, na mgbake ọdachi, PostgreSQL na-enye atụmatụ dị ka ide-n'ihu ndekọ (WAL), nna ukwu-ohu replication, arụ ọrụ standbys, na point-in-time-recovery (PITR), na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ihe ndị a niile na-enye ohere ijikwa ụyọkọ ọdụ data ọtụtụ ọnụ nke nwere ike ịchekwa ma jikwaa nnukwu mpịakọta(terabyte) nke data, yana sistemụ pụrụ iche na-ejikwa petabytes.
    • Ọ dị mkpa, PostgreSQL bụkwa ihe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. Iji gbasaa ya, ịnwere ike iji ọrụ na usoro echekwara, asụsụ usoro gụnyere PL/PGSQL, Perl, Python, okwu ụzọ SQL/JSON, ihe mkpuchi data mba ọzọ, na ndị ọzọ. Ị nwekwara ike ịgbatị ọrụ ya bụ isi site na iji ọtụtụ ndọtị ndị obodo mepụtara.
  • Nchekwa dịkwa n'obi Postgres. Iji kpuchido ọdụ data gị, ọ na-enye ụdị nyocha dị iche iche (gụnyere GSSAPI, SSPI, LDAP, SCRAM-SHA-256, Asambodo, wdg), usoro njikwa ohere siri ike, kọlụm, na nchekwa ọkwa ọkwa, yana ọtụtụ. nyocha ihe site na asambodo yana usoro agbakwunyere. Agbanyeghị, ezigbo nchekwa nchekwa data kwesịrị ịmalite mgbe niile na netwọkụ na oyi akwa nkesa.

Ndị ahịa na ngwa PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL na-enye ma na-akwado ọtụtụ ngwa ndị ahịa maka nchịkwa nchekwa data dị ka psql mmekọrịta iwu-ahịrị ịba uru na pgadmin, web interface dabeere na PHP maka nchịkwa nchekwa data (nke bụ ụzọ kacha amasị).

Iji jiri ọdụ data PostgreSQL iji chekwaa data maka ngwa gị, ị nwere ike jikọọ ngwa gị site na iji ọba akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ọ bụla akwadoro, dị maka asụsụ mmemme kacha ewu ewu. libpq bụ ihe mmemme C na-ewu ewu na PostgreSQL, ọ bụ injin dị n'okpuru maka ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa PostgreSQL ndị ọzọ.

A na-eji PostgreSQL na RedHat, Debian, Apple, Sun Microsystem, Cisco, na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na òtù ndị ọzọ.

Lelee ntuziaka ndị a metụtara na ịtọlite ngwa gị na nchekwa data PostgreSQL na Linux.

  • Otu esi etinye PostgreSQL na RHEL 8
  • Otu esi etinye PostgreSQL na pgAdmin na CentOS 8
  • Etu esi etinye ọdụ data PostgreSQL na Debian 10
  • Otu esi etinye PgAdmin 4 Debian 10
  • Otu esi etinye ma jiri PostgreSQL na Ubuntu 18.04
  • Otu esi etinye PostgreSQL na PhpPgAdmin na OpenSUSE