Otu esi etinye KVM na Ubuntu 20.04

KVM, (igwe mebere kernel) bụ ikpo okwu n'efu na mepere emepe maka kernel Linux. Mgbe etinyere na sistemụ Linux, ọ na-aghọ hypervisor Type-2.

N'isiokwu a, anyị na-ele anya ka ị ga-esi tinye KVM na Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.

Kwụpụ 1: Lelee Nkwado Virtualization na Ubuntu

Tupu itinye KVM na Ubuntu, anyị ga-ebu ụzọ nyochaa ma ngwaike na-akwado KVM. Ihe kacha mkpa maka ịwụnye KVM bụ nnweta CPU virtualization extensions dị ka AMD-V na Intel-VT.

Iji lelee ma sistemụ Ubuntu na-akwado virtualization, gbaa iwu na-esonụ.

$ egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

Nsonaazụ karịrị 0 na-egosi na a na-akwado ime ihe nke ọma. Site na mmepụta n'okpuru, anyị ekwenyela na ihe nkesa anyị dị mma ịga.

Iji lelee ma sistemụ gị na-akwado KVM mebere iwu a:

$ sudo kvm-ok

Ọ bụrụ na akụrụngwa \kvm-ok adịghị na sava gị, wụnye ya site na iji iwu dabara adaba:

$ sudo apt install cpu-checker

Ugbu a, mebie iwu \kvm-ok iji nyochaa sistemụ gị.

$ sudo kvm-ok

Ihe mmepụta ahụ na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya na anyị nọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma dị njikere ịga n'ihu na ntinye nke KVM.

Kwụpụ 2: Wụnye KVM na Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

Site na nkwenye na usoro anyị nwere ike ịkwado KVM virtualization, anyị ga-etinye KVM, Iji wụnye KVM, virt-manager, bridge-utils na ndị ọzọ dabere, na-agba ọsọ iwu:

$ sudo apt install -y qemu qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon libvirt-clients bridge-utils virt-manager

Obere nkọwa nke ngwugwu ndị a dị n'elu.

Ngwungwu qemu (ngwa ngwa emulator) bụ ngwa na-enye gị ohere ịme ihe njiri mara ngwaike.
Ngwungwu qemu-kvm bụ ngwungwu KVM bụ isi.
The libvritd-daemon bụ daemon mebere nke ọma.
Ngwugwu bridge-utils na-enyere gị aka ịmepụta njikọ bridge ka ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ nwee ike ịnweta igwe mebere na-abụghị sistemụ nnabata.
Virt-manager bụ ngwa maka ijikwa igwe mebere site na njiri eserese eserese.

Tupu anyị aga n'ihu, anyị kwesịrị ikwenye na daemon virtualization - libvritd-daemon - na-agba ọsọ. Iji mee nke a, mebie iwu ahụ.

$ sudo systemctl status libvirtd

Ị nwere ike ime ka ọ malite na buut site na ịgba ọsọ:

$ sudo systemctl enable --now libvirtd

Iji lelee ma ọ bụrụ na ebugoro modul KVM, mee iwu:

$ lsmod | grep -i kvm

Site na mmepụta, ị nwere ike ịhụ ọnụnọ nke kvm_intel modul. Nke a bụ ikpe maka ndị nrụpụta Intel. Maka AMD CPUs, ị ga-enweta kvm_intel modul kama.

Kwụpụ 3: Mepụta igwe mebere na Ubuntu

Site na arụnyere KVM nke ọma, anyị ga-emepụta igwe mebere. Enwere ụzọ abụọ iji mee nke a: Ị nwere ike ịmepụta igwe mebere na ahịrị iwu ma ọ bụ jiri KVM virt-manager graphical interface.

A na-eji ngwa ahịrị iwu virt-install maka imepụta igwe mebere na ọdụ. A na-achọ ọtụtụ parampat mgbe ị na-eke igwe mebere.

Nke a bụ iwu zuru oke m ji mee ihe mgbe m na-eke igwe mebere site na iji ihe onyonyo Deepin ISO:

$ sudo virt-install --name=deepin-vm --os-variant=Debian10 --vcpu=2 --ram=2048 --graphics spice --location=/home/Downloads/deepin-20Beta-desktop-amd64.iso --network bridge:vibr0

Nhọrọ --aha na-akọwapụta aha igwe mebere - deepin-vm Ọkọlọtọ --os-variant na-egosi ezinụlọ OS ma ọ bụ ihe sitere na VM. Ebe ọ bụ na Deepin20 bụ ihe nrụpụta nke Debian, akọwapụtala m Debian 10 dị ka ụdịdị.

Iji nweta ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara OS dị iche iche, mee iwu ahụ

$ osinfo-query os

Nhọrọ --vcpu na-egosi cores CPU na nke a bụ cores 2, --ram na-egosi ikike RAM nke bụ 2048MB. Ọkọlọtọ -- ebe na-atụ aka n'ụzọ zuru oke nke onyonyo ISO yana akwa --netwọk na-akọwapụta ihe nkwụnye nke igwe mebere ga-eji. Ozugbo emechara iwu ahụ, igwe mebere ya ga-ebuli elu, a ga-ewepụta onye nrụpụta ahụ dị njikere maka ntinye nke igwe mebere.

Ngwa njikwa-virt na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere ịmepụta igwe mebere site na iji GUI. Ka ịmalite, gaba na njedebe wee mee iwu ahụ.

$ virt-manager

Window njikwa igwe mebere ga-apụta dị ka egosiri.

Ugbu a pịa akara ngosi ka ịmalite ịmepụta igwe mebere.

Na mpio mmapụta, ezipụta ọnọdụ ihe oyiyi ISO gị. N'ọnọdụ anyị, ihe oyiyi ISO dị na nchekwa 'Downloads' na ndekọ ụlọ, yabụ anyị ga-ahọrọ nhọrọ mbụ - Mpaghara Wụnye Media (Oyiyi ISO ma ọ bụ CDROM). Ọzọ, pịa bọtịnụ 'Gaa n'ihu' ka ịga n'ihu.

Na nzọụkwụ na-esote, chọgharịa gaa na onyonyo ISO na sistemụ gị yana ozugbo n'okpuru, kọwaa ezinụlọ OS nke onyonyo gị dabere na ya.

Ọzọ, họrọ ikike ebe nchekwa na ọnụọgụ CPU nke a ga-ekenye igwe mebere gị, wee pịa 'Gaa n'ihu'.

N'ikpeazụ, na nzọụkwụ ikpeazụ, ezipụta aha maka igwe mebere gị wee pịa bọtịnụ 'Mechaa'.

Ịmepụta igwe mebere ga-ewe nkeji ole na ole ka onye nrụnye OS ị na-etinye ga-emeghe.

N'oge a, ị nwere ike ịga n'ihu na ntinye nke igwe mebere.

Ma nke ahụ bụ otu ị ga-esi wụnye hypervisor KVM na Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.