Kedu ihe bụ MySQL? Kedu ka MySQL si arụ ọrụ?

MySQL bụ sistemụ njikwa nchekwa data mepere emepe nke kacha ewu ewu n'ụwa (RDBMS) nke a na-eji na Facebook, Google, Adobe, Alcatel Lucent, na Zappos, yana site na ọtụtụ weebụsaịtị/ ngwa n'ịntanetị.

Ọ bụ Oracle Corporation mepụtara, kesaa ma kwado ya. Ọ bụ ebe nchekwa data dị n'ofe, dị ike, na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke nwere ike ịgbatị, dabere na asụsụ SQL (Structured Query Language) ahaziri ahazi nke ejiri iji mepụta na ijikwa ọdụ data.

Ụdị MySQL kachasị ọhụrụ (ụdị 8.0 n'oge ederede) na-abịa na nkwado maka nchekwa data NoSQL (Ọ bụghị naanị SQL) Enwere ike itinye ya na Linux, MacOS na ndị ọzọ UNIX-dị ka sistemụ arụmọrụ, na Windows.

  • Budata MySQL Community Edition
  • Budata MySQL Enterprise Edition

Ngwanrọ nchekwa data MySQL bụ ebe mepere emepe, ọ na-eji GPL (GNU General Public License). N'ụzọ dị mkpa, a na-enye ya na mbipụta abụọ dị iche iche: MySQL Community Server mepere emepe nke ị nwere ike ibudata, nweta koodu mmalite, wee jiri n'efu na mbipụta MySQL Enterprise na ngwaahịa azụmahịa ndị ọzọ na-achọ ndenye aha kwa afọ ma tinye nkwado ọkachamara na ọtụtụ uru ndị ọzọ.

A na-eji MySQL maka ebumnuche dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere nchekwa data weebụ (ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe), nkwakọba data, azụmahịa e-azụmahịa, na ngwa ntinye. Ọ bụ otu n'ime sọftụwia a na-arụkarị ọrụ iji guzobe LAMP (Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP) ma ọ bụ LEMP (Linux + Engine-X + MySQL + PHP) tojupụtara ejiri maka mmepe webụ yana nnabata sistemụ njikwa ọdịnaya dị n'ịntanetị dị ka WordPress. Magneto, Joomla, Drupal, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ewezuga PHP, ọ na-akwadokwa ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere Perl, Node.js, Python na ndị ọzọ.

Lelee ntuziaka ndị a metụtara na ịtọlite ngwa gị na nchekwa data MySQL na Linux.

  • Otu esi etinye sava LAMP na CentOS 8
  • Otu esi etinye sava LEMP na CentOS 8
  • Etu esi etinye Stack LAMP na PhpMyAdmin na Ubuntu 20.04
  • Etu esi etinye LEMP Stack na PhpMyAdmin na Ubuntu 20.04
  • Otu esi etinye WordPress na Apache na Ubuntu 20.04

Kedu ka MySQL si arụ ọrụ?

Dị ka ọtụtụ sistemụ njikwa nchekwa data dị n'ebe ahụ, MySQL nwere nhazi ihe nkesa ahịa na enwere ike iji ya na gburugburu netwọk. Mmemme ihe nkesa na-ebi n'otu sistemu anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mebere ebe echekwara faịlụ nchekwa data, ọ bụkwa ya na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta niile na ọdụ data.

Mmemme ndị ahịa dị iche iche dị ka ngwa MySQL maka njikwa nchekwa data ma ọ bụ ngwa ọ bụla edere n'asụsụ mmemme ndị ọzọ, nwere ike jikọọ na sava ahụ wee rịọ arịrịọ data data. Ihe nkesa na-edozi arịrịọ ndị ahịa wee weghachi onye ahịa rịzọlt ahụ.

Onye ahịa nwere ike ibi n'otu sistemu dị ka ihe nkesa ma ọ bụ na onye ọbịa dịpụrụ adịpụ wee ziga arịrịọ nchekwa data site na netwọkụ ma ọ bụ njikọ ịntanetị na sava ahụ. N'ụzọ dị mkpa, ihe nkesa MySQL ga na-agba ọsọ maka ndị ahịa ka ha jikọọ na ya.

Isi atụmatụ nke MySQL

MySQL na-eji ihe nkesa nwere ọtụtụ ihe nwere modul nwere onwe. Ihe nkesa ahụ nwere ọtụtụ eriri, ọtụtụ onye ọrụ, nke nwere ike ịmegharị, na nke siri ike emebere maka ọrụ dị mkpa, usoro mmepụta ihe dị arọ. Ọ na-enye ma azụmahịa na nontransactional nchekwa engines na-akwado na mgbakwunye na nke ọzọ nchekwa engines.

  • MySQL na-eji tebụl B-osisi na-agba ọsọ nke nwere mkpakọ index, usoro ebe nchekwa nke dabere na eri na-agba ọsọ, ma na-eme njikọ ngwa ngwa site na iji njikọ njikọ nested-loop.
  • Ọ na-akwado ọtụtụ ụdị data dị ka integers bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado/anaghị edebanye aha, ụdị floating-point(float and double), char and varchar, binary and varbinary, blob and text, Date, DateTime, and timestamp, year, set, enum, na ụdị oghere OpenGIS.
  • MySQL na-akwadokwa redundancy data, na ịdị elu dị elu (HA) site na ntugharị nna ukwu-ohu, ụyọkọ ọnụ ọtụtụ, na nkwado ndabere na mpaghara mgbake/iweghachi. Ọ na-enye ụdị nkwado ndabere na mpaghara dị iche iche na atumatu nke ị nwere ike isi na ya họrọ usoro dabara nke ọma ihe achọrọ maka ntinye gị.
  • Njikwa nchekwa ya gụnyere njikwa akaụntụ onye ọrụ na njikwa nnweta, nkwenye sitere n'aka ndị ọbịa, njikọ ezoro ezo, ọtụtụ ngwa na plugins (dịka plugins nyocha, njikwa njikọ, ngwa nkwenye paswọọdụ na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ) na-emejuputa nchekwa, dịka yana FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards 140-2 (FIPS 140-2)) ọnọdụ n'akụkụ nkesa nke metụtara ọrụ cryptographic nke sava na-arụ.

E wezụga nke ahụ, ị nwekwara ike hụ na nchekwa ndị ọzọ site na isoro MySQL/MariaDB nche kacha mma maka Linux. Mana dị ka oge niile, hụ na ị mejuputala ezigbo netwọkụ na nchekwa nkesa, iji hụ na nchekwa nchekwa data gburugburu niile.

MySQL Client na Ngwa

MySQL na-eji ọtụtụ mmemme ndị ahịa na-ebubata dị ka ihe eji enyere iwu iwu iwu: mysql, mysqldump, maka ijikwa ọdụ data. Iji jikọọ na MySQL Server, ndị ahịa nwere ike iji ọtụtụ protocols, dịka ọmụmaatụ, TCP/IP sockets n'elu ikpo okwu ọ bụla ma ọ bụ UNIX ngalaba sockets na UNIX usoro dị ka Linux.

Iji jikọọ na mebie nkwupụta MySQL site na asụsụ ọzọ ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi, enwere njikọ MySQL dabere na ụkpụrụ (nke na-enye njikọta na sava MySQL maka ngwa ndị ahịa), yana API maka asụsụ mmemme kachasị ewu ewu (iji nye ohere dị ala iji nweta MySQL akụrụngwa site na iji. ma usoro MySQL kpochapụwo ma ọ bụ X Protocol).

Ụfọdụ n'ime njikọ ndị a ma ama na API gụnyere ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), Java (JDBC - Java Database Connectivity), Eke Ọgba, PHP, Node.js, C ++, Perl, Ruby, na obodo C na agbakwunyere MySQL.

Ị ga-ahụ akụkọ ndị a gbasara MySQL bara uru:

  • Otu esi etinye MySQL 8 kacha ọhụrụ na Debian 10
  • 15 bara uru MySQL/MariaDB Ntụle Ntụle na Ntuzigharị arụmọrụ
  • Ndụmọdụ bara uru iji dozie mperi a na-emekarị na MySQL
  • Otu esi tọgharịa paswọọdụ mgbọrọgwụ na MySQL 8.0
  • Etu esi agbanwe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri MySQL/MariaDB na Linux
  • 4 Ngwa iwu iwu bara uru iji nyochaa arụmọrụ MySQL na Linux