Ndị njikwa ngwugwu Node.js kacha elu maka Linux

Node.js bụ otu n'ime asụsụ mmemme kachasị ewu ewu na-ama jijiji ụlọ ọrụ mmepe ngwanrọ n'ụwa niile. Mgbe ị na-emepe emepe ma na-eji ngwa Node.js, otu ngwanrọ nkịtị nke ndị mmepe na ndị ọrụ izugbe ga-ahụ onwe ha na-adabere mgbe niile bụ onye njikwa ngwugwu.

Onye njikwa ngwugwu Node.js na-emekọrịta ihe na ebe nchekwa ngwungwu ịntanetị (nke nwere ọba akwụkwọ Node.js, ngwa na ngwugwu ndị metụtara ya) ma na-enyere aka n'ọtụtụ ụzọ gụnyere nrụnye ngwugwu na njikwa ndabere. Ụfọdụ njikwa ngwugwu na-egosipụtakwa akụkụ njikwa ọrụ.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ị na-ede ngwa weebụ wee chọpụta na ọbá akwụkwọ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke na-arụ ọrụ enyere n'ime ngwa gị adịlarị na ebe nchekwa ọha, ị nwere ike iji njikwa ngwugwu tinye ya na sistemụ gị na ndekọ ngwa wee jikọta ya. ya na ngwa gị.

Onye njikwa ngwugwu na-enyekwa aka ịkọwa ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka ndabere maka ngwa gị, nke mere na sistemụ ọ bụla etinyere ngwa ahụ, a ga-etinyekwa ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ, ka ngwa ahụ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-atụle n'elu Node.js ngwugwu njikwa na ị nwere ike iwunye na a Linux usoro.

1. NPM - Node.js Package Manager

npm ọ dịghị mkpa iwebata na Node.js gburugburu ebe obibi. Mana gịnị bụ npm? npm bụ ngwakọta nke ọtụtụ ihe n'ezie - ya onye njikwa ngwugwu Node, npm Registry, na npm-line ahịa.

Nke mbụ, npm bụ njikwa ngwugwu Node.js cross-platform nke emepụtara iji nyere ndị mmepe JavaScript aka ịkekọrịta koodu ha ngwa ngwa n'ụdị ngwugwu. Iji wụnye na bipụta ngwugwu, ndị mmepe na-eji onye ahịa-akara iwu akpọrọ npm, nke a na-ejikwa maka njikwa ụdị na njikwa dabere. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Linux na sistemụ UNIX ndị ọzọ, Windows na macOS.

Na mgbakwunye, npm bụkwa ebe nchekwa dị n'ịntanetị maka ibipụta ọrụ mepere emepe Node.js dị ka ọba akwụkwọ na ngwa. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndebanye aha ngwanrọ mepere emepe kacha ewu ewu na webụ. Ị nwere ike iji ya n'efu, nhọrọ na-enye gị ohere ịmepụta ngwungwu ọha, bipụta mmelite, nyochaa ihe ndabere gị, na ime ihe ndị ọzọ.

N'aka nke ọzọ, ị nwere ike ịdebanye aha maka npm Pro ka ị nweta ahụmịhe mmepe adịchaghị nke na-abịa na ọtụtụ uru dị ka ebe nchekwa nke onwe. Ndị otu mmepe buru ibu na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa azụmahịa nwere ike ịhọrọ npm Enterprise nke na-enye ha ohere ịmepụta ngwugwu n'ime nke anaghị ekekọrịta n'ihu ọha.

A na-ekesa onye ahịa iwu npm na ngwugwu Node.js, nke a pụtara na mgbe ị wụnye Node.js na sistemụ Linux gị, ị ga-etinyekwa npm ozugbo. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, a na-eji npm wụnye njikwa ngwugwu Node.js ndị ọzọ akọwara n'okpuru.

npm na-akwado nchekwa Javascript, ijikọ npm na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery), na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Ka ịwụnye ụdị Node.js na NPM kachasị ọhụrụ na sistemụ Linux, soro iwu ndị dị na nkesa Linux gị.

$ curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -
$ sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

# curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | bash -
# yum -y install nodejs
Or
# dnf -y install nodejs

2. Yarn - Onye njikwa ngwugwu Node.js

Ọbụghị naanị na Yarn bụ ngwa ngwa, nchekwa, ntụkwasị obi, yana njikwa ngwugwu mepere emepe mana ọ bụkwa onye njikwa ọrụ maka ọrụ kwụsiri ike ma nwee ike imepụtagharị. Yarn na-arụ ọrụ ebe niile: na Linux, Windows na macOS, yana sistemụ arụmọrụ UNIX ndị ọzọ na-akwado Node.js.

Dịka njikwa ngwugwu, ọ na-enye gị ohere ịkekọrịta koodu gị site na ngwugwu gị na ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ n'ụwa niile. N'otu aka ahụ, ị nwekwara ike iji koodu sitere na ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ na ngwa gị.

Yarn na-akwado oghere ọrụ maka obere, ọkara na nnukwu ọrụ monorepo site n'inyere gị aka kewaa ọrụ gị n'ime obere akụkụ echekwara n'ime otu ebe nchekwa. Akụkụ ọzọ dị mkpa nke Yarn bụ cache na-anọghị n'ịntanetị nke na-enye ya ohere ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma ọbụlagodi mgbe netwọk ahụ kwụsịrị.

Yarn na-ebukwa ụgbọ mmiri nwere API modular nke enwere ike ịgbatị site na plugins. Ị nwere ike iji plugins gọọmentị ma ọ bụ dee nke gị. Enwere ike iji ngwa mgbakwunye tinye atụmatụ ọhụrụ, ndị na-edozi ihe ọhụrụ, ndị na-ejikọta ọhụrụ, iwu ọhụrụ, debanye aha na mmemme ụfọdụ, ma nwee ike ijikọta onwe ha. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere Plug'n'Play (PnP) API nke na-enye gị ohere inyocha osisi dabere na oge ojiri gaa.

Ọzọkwa, a na-edekwa Yarn nke ọma na ụfọdụ n'ime atụmatụ ya ka dị na incubation dị ka mgbochi, ntọhapụ workflow na \zero-install nke bụ nkà ihe ọmụma karịa atụmatụ.

Iji wụnye ụdị Yarn kachasị ọhụrụ na sistemụ Linux, ịkwesịrị ibu ụzọ wụnye Node.js na sistemụ, wee wụnye Yarn site na iji iwu ndị a na nkesa Linux gị.

$ curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install yarn

# curl --silent --location https://dl.yarnpkg.com/rpm/yarn.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/yarn.repo
# rpm --import https://dl.yarnpkg.com/rpm/pubkey.gpg
# yum install yarn
OR
# dnf install yarn

3. Pnpm - Onye njikwa ngwugwu Node.js

pnpm bụ ngwa-ngwa, diski-ohere ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, yana njikwa ngwugwu mepere emepe. Ọ bụ cross-platform, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Linux, Windows na macOS. N'adịghị ka npm na yarn nke na-emepụta ndekọ node_modules dị larịị, pnpm na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche: ọ na-emepụta nhazi node_modules na-abụghị nke na-eji njikọ ihe atụ mepụta usoro ntinye nke ịdabere.

Ejikọtara faịlụ ndị dị n'ime node_modules site na nchekwa ọdịnaya nwere ike ikwu okwu. Usoro a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ọ na-enyere gị aka ịchekwa gigabytes nke ohere diski.

Ụzọ node_modules na-abụghị flat na-emekwa ka pnpm siri ike ma a bịa na njikwa ịdabere, ọ na-enye ohere ngwugwu ịnweta naanị ndabere nke akọwapụtara na faịlụ ngwugwu ya.json. O nwekwara nkwado maka ebe ọrụ pụtara na ị nwere ike ịmepụta oghere ọrụ iji jikọta ọtụtụ ọrụ n'ime otu ebe nchekwa.

Nke dị mkpa, enwere ike iji pnpm dị mfe na ngwa CI dị iche iche dịka Travis, Semaphore, AppVeypr na Sail CI. Ị nwere ike hazie ọrụ gị ka ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike iji naanị pnpm mana ọ bụghị ndị njikwa ngwugwu Node.js ndị ọzọ dị n'elu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe mmadụ nwara ịgba ọsọ \npm install ma ọ bụ yarn install.

pnpm na-akwado utu aha na-ahapụ gị ịwụnye ngwungwu nwere aha omenala, mmecha tab-line, ma jiri faịlụ mkpọchi akpọrọ pnpm-lock.yaml.

Ụzọ kachasị mfe iji wụnye pnpm bụ site na iji npm ngwugwu njikwa dị ka egosiri.

$ sudo npm install -g pnpm

# npm install -g pnpm

N'ime edemede a, anyị enyochala ndị njikwa ngwugwu Node.js dị elu ị nwere ike iwunye na Linux. Anyị ga-achọ ịma echiche gị gbasara akụkọ a, kesaa anyị ha site na mpempe nzaghachi n'okpuru.