Zuo ike-na-Nweghachi - ndabere na weghachite Sistemụ Linux


Relax-and-Recover (ReaR na nkenke) bụ ihe dị mfe ma dị ike, dị mfe ịtọlite, nke zuru oke ma na-eduga na mgbake ọdachi ihe na-emepe emepe na usoro mbugharị usoro, nke edere na Bash. Ọ bụ usoro modular na nhazi nke nwere ọtụtụ usoro eji arụ ọrụ ejikere maka ọnọdụ nkịtị.

ReaR na-emepụta sistemụ nnapụta na/ma ọ bụ ndabere sistemụ n'ụdị dị iche iche. Ị nwere ike buo ihe nkesa igwe efu gị site na iji onyonyo sistemụ nnapụta wee malite iweghachi sistemụ site na nkwado ndabere. Ọ nwere ike weghachite na ngwaike dị iche iche ebe ọ dị mkpa, ya mere enwere ike iji ya rụọ ọrụ dị ka ngwá ọrụ mbugharị sistemụ.

  1. O nwere nhazi modul nke edere na Bash ma nwee ike ịgbatị ya site na iji ọrụ omenala.
  2. Na-akwado mgbasa ozi akpụkpọ ụkwụ dị iche iche gụnyere ISO, PXE, teepu OBDR, USB ma ọ bụ nchekwa eSATA.
  3. Na-akwado ụkpụrụ netwọk dị iche iche gụnyere FTP, SFTP, HTTP, NFS, na CIFS maka nchekwa na ndabere.
  4. Na-akwado mmejuputa nhazi diski dị ka LVM, DRBD, iSCSI, HWRAID (HP SmartArray), SWRAID, multipathing, na LUKS (nkebi ezoro ezo na sistemụ faịlụ).
  5. Na-akwado ma ndị ọzọ na ngwaọrụ ndabere nke ime gụnyere IBM TSM, HP DataProtector, Symantec NetBackup, Bacula; rsync.
  6. Na-akwado mbugharị site na PXE, DVD/CD, teepu bootable ma ọ bụ ihe nrụnye mebere.
  7. Na-akwado ụdị simulation nke na-egosi ihe ederede na-eme na-emeghị ya.
  8. Na-akwado igbutu osisi na-agbanwe agbanwe yana nhọrọ nbipu dị elu maka ebumnuche nchọpụta nsogbu.
  9. Enwere ike ijikọ ya na ngwaọrụ nleba anya dị ka Nagios na Opsview.
  10. Enwekwara ike ijikọ ya na ndị na-ahazi ọrụ dịka cron.
  11. Ọ na-akwadokwa teknụzụ dị iche iche akwadoro (KVM, Xen, VMware).

N'isiokwu a, ị ga-amụta otú e si wụnye na hazie ReaR ka ịmepụta usoro nnapụta na/ma ọ bụ ndabere usoro site na iji eriri USB na nnapụta ma ọ bụ weghachite usoro Linux na-enweghị isi mgbe ọdachi gasịrị.

Kwụpụ 1: Wụnye ReaR na Linux Bare Metal Server

1. Iji wụnye ngwugwu azụ na nkesa Debian na Ubuntu Linux, jiri iwu na-esonụ.

$ sudo apt-get install rear extlinux

Na RHEL na CentOS, ịkwesịrị ịme ka ebe nchekwa EPEL 8 rụọ ọrụ, wee wụnye ngwugwu azụ dịka egosiri.

# yum install rear syslinux-extlinux grub2-efi-x64-modules
# dnf install rear syslinux-extlinux	#Fedora 22+

2. Ozugbo echichi zuru ezu, rear's main nhazi directory bụ /etc/rear/na faịlụ nhazi isi bụ:

  • /etc/rear/local.conf - eji iji tọọ nhazi usoro-kpọmkwem; emebere ya maka nhazi ntuziaka.
  • /etc/rear/site.conf – ejiri iji tọọ nhazi saịtị akọwapụtara, onye ọrụ kwesịrị ime ya.
  • /usr/share/rear/conf/default.conf – nwere ụkpụrụ nhazi enwere ike/nke ndabara.
  • /var/log/rear/ – akwụkwọ ndekọ aha a na-echekwa faịlụ ndekọ.

3. Nke mbụ, kwadebe mgbasa ozi nnapụta, eriri USB na nke a site na nhazi site na iji ngwa azụ-akara iwu dị ka ndị a. Ozugbo nhazi ahụ mechara, a ga-akpọ mgbasa ozi dị ka REAR-000.

# rear format /dev/sdb

4. Iji hazie usoro mmepụta, jiri mgbanwe OUTPUT na OUTPUT_URL, tinye ya na faịlụ nhazi /etc/rear/local.conf.

OUTPUT=USB

4. Ọzọkwa, ReaR na-abịa na usoro ndabere arụnyere (nke a na-akpọ NETFS) nke na-enye gị ohere ịmepụta ma usoro nnapụta na nkwado ndabere zuru oke. Ọ na-emepụta ndabere dị mfe dị ka ebe nchekwa tar site na ndabara.

Iji mee nkwado ndabere na mpaghara zuru oke, tinye BACKUP=NETFS na BACKUP_URL mgbanwe na faịlụ nhazi /etc/rear/local.conf. Iji mepụta ngwaọrụ USB bootable, jikọta OUTPUT=USB na BACKUP_URL=”usb:///dev/disk/by-label/REAR-000” dị ka egosiri.

OUTPUT=USB
BACKUP=NETFS
BACKUP_URL=”usb:///dev/disk/by-label/REAR-000”

5. Mgbe configuring n'azụ, na-agba ọsọ na-esonụ iwu ibipụta ya ugbu a nhazi maka BACKUP na Output ụzọ na ụfọdụ usoro ozi.

# rear dump

Kwụpụ 2: Ịmepụta Sistemụ Nnapụta yana Ndabere sistemụ zuru oke

6. Ọ bụrụ na ntọala niile dị mma, ị nwere ike ịmepụta usoro nnapụta site na iji iwu mkrecue dị ka ndị a, ebe -v nhọrọ na-enyere ọnọdụ verbose aka.

# rear -v  mkrescue

Mara: Ọ bụrụ na ị zutere njehie na-esote mgbe ịmechara ọrụ nnapụta ma ọ bụ ndabere, dịka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo a.

UEFI systems: “ERROR: /dev/disk/by-label/REAR-EFI is not block device. Use `rear format -- --efi ' for correct format” 

Hazie mkpanaka USB site na iji iwu a ma megharịa ọrụ ahụ.

# rear format  -- --efi /dev/sdb

7. Iji mepụta usoro nnapụta na ndabere usoro ahụ, jiri iwu mkbackup dị ka egosiri.

# rear -v mkbackup

8. Iji mepụta ndabere sistemụ naanị, jiri iwu mkbackuponly dị ka ndị a.

# rear -v mkbackuponly

Nhọrọ: Ịhazi ọrụ azụ site na iji Cron

8. Ị nwere ike ịhazi ReaR iji mepụta usoro nnapụta mgbe niile site na iji nhazi ọrụ cron site n'ịgbakwunye ntinye kwesịrị ekwesị na faịlụ /etc/crontab.

minute hour day_of_month month day_of_week root /usr/sbin/rear mkrescue

Nhazi ndị a ga-emepụta usoro nnapụta ma ọ bụ were usoro ndabere zuru oke n'etiti abalị ọ bụla. Gbaa mbọ hụ na ejikọrọ eriri USB gị na ya.

0 		0   		*  		* 		root /usr/sbin/rear mkrescue
OR
0 		0   		*  		* 		root /usr/sbin/rear mkbackup

Kwụpụ 3: Na-eme Nzọpụta/Mweghachi Sistemu

9. Iji weghachi/naghachi gị usoro mgbe ọdachi, jikọọ bootable USB mkpisi gị iferi metal usoro na buut si ya. Na njikwa njikwa, họrọ otu nhọrọ (Naghachite aha nnabata) wee pịa Tinye.

10. Na-esote, a ga-ahazi usoro nnapụta nke ReaR, enwere ike ịme ka ị nye ndị nnọchi maka ntanetị netwọkụ mbụ dị ka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo. Ozugbo ịmechara, pịa Tinye.

11. Mgbe ahụ nbanye dị ka mgbọrọgwụ (dị nnọọ pịnye aha njirimara mgbọrọgwụ wee pịa Tinye) na-agba ọsọ n'ezie mgbake.

11. Ọzọ, na-agba ọsọ na-esonụ iwu ka ẹkedori mgbake usoro. Usoro nnapụta ga-atụnyere diski ndị ahụ, nyochaa nhazi ha ma mee ka ị họrọ nhazi nhazi diski. Pịa Tinye ka ịga n'ihu na nhazi diski akpaaka.

Mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-amalite mweghachi nhazi nhazi usoro, ozugbo emepụtara nhazi diski, ọ ga-eweghachi ndabere dịka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo na-esonụ.

# rear recover

12. Mgbe ndabere mweghachi zuru ezu, usoro nnapụta ga-agba ọsọ mkinitrd ka ịmepụta mbụ ramdisk oyiyi maka preloading modul, wee wụnye bootloader na exits. Otu n'ime usoro mgbake ahụ, a ga-etinye usoro eweghachi n'okpuru /mnt/local/, banye n'ime ndekọ a ka ịlele ya.

N'ikpeazụ, reboot usoro:

# cd /mnt/local
# rebooot

13. Mgbe ịmalitegharịrị, SELinux ga-anwa ịmegharị faịlụ na faịlụ faịlụ na usoro a gbakere dabere na faịlụ /mnt/local/.autorelabel, dị ka e gosiri na nseta ihuenyo na-esonụ.

Maka nhọrọ ojiji ọzọ, gụọ akwụkwọ ntuziaka ReaR.

# man rear

Ibe ebe obibi: http://relax-and-recover.org/.

ReaR bụ onye na-eduga, dị mfe iji (ntọlite na chefuo) yana mgbake ọdachi ọla na-emepe emepe yana usoro mbugharị sistemụ. N'isiokwu a, anyị kọwara otú e si eji ReaR mepụta Linux iferi metal nnapụta usoro na ndabere na otu esi eweghachi a usoro mgbe ọdachi. Jiri mpempe nkọwa n'okpuru kesaa echiche gị na anyị.