Otu esi edobe sava NFS na onye ahịa na CentOS 8

Sistemụ Faịlụ netwọkụ (NFS) nke a makwaara dị ka sistemụ faịlụ ndị ahịa/nkesa bụ ihe ama ama, obe-ikpo okwu na usoro sistemụ faịlụ ekesa na-eji mbupụ sistemụ faịlụ mpaghara na netwọkụ ka ndị ahịa wee soro ndị ọzọ kerịta akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na faịlụ site na netwọkụ wee meekọrịta ihe. ha na ha dị ka à ga-asị na a na-atụkwasị ha na mpaghara.

Na CentOS/RHEL 8, ụdị NFS akwadoro bụ NFSv3 na NFSv4 yana ụdị NFS ndabara bụ 4.2 nke njirimara nkwado maka Ndepụta Njikwa Nweta (ACLs), nnomi akụkụ nkesa, faịlụ ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, ndoputa oghere, NFS akpọrọ, nkwalite nhazi, na ọtụtụ ihe ọzọ.

N'isiokwu a, ị ga-amụta otú e si wụnye na hazie ihe nkesa NFS na onye ahịa NFS na nkesa CentOS/RHEL 8 Linux.

  1. Ntụziaka nwụnye CentOS 8
  2. RHEL 8 Obere Nwụnye
  3. Kwado ndenye aha RHEL na RHEL 8
  4. Tụzie adreesị IP static na CentOS/RHEL 8

NFS Server IP:	10.20.20.8
NFS Client IP:	10.20.20.9

Ịtọlite NFS Server na CentOS 8

1. Nke mbụ, malite site na ịwụnye ngwugwu achọrọ na sava NFS. Ngwunye ndị a bụ nfs-utils nke na-enye daemon maka ihe nkesa NFS kernel yana ngwaọrụ ndị yiri ya dị ka nke nwere mmemme showmount.

Gbaa iwu na-esonụ ka ịwụnye ngwugwu na ihe nkesa NFS (jiri sudo ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-elekọta usoro dị ka onye na-abụghị mgbọrọgwụ).

# dnf install nfs-utils

2. Ozugbo echichi ahụ zuru, malite ọrụ nfs-server, mee ka ọ malite na-akpaghị aka na boot boot, wee nyochaa ọnọdụ ya site na iji usoro systemctl.

# systemctl start nfs-server.service
# systemctl enable nfs-server.service
# systemctl status nfs-server.service

Rịba ama na ọrụ ndị ọzọ achọrọ maka ịgba ọsọ nkesa NFS ma ọ bụ ịkwanye mbak NFS dị ka nfsd, nfs-idmapd, rpcbind, rpc.mountd, lockd, rpc.statd, rpc.rquotad, na rpc.idmapd ga-amalite ozugbo.

Faịlụ nhazi maka sava NFS bụ:

  • /etc/nfs.conf – isi nhazi faịlụ maka daemons na ngwaọrụ NFS.
  • /etc/nfsmount.conf – faịlụ nhazi ugwu NFS.

3. Na-esote, mepụta usoro faịlụ maka mbupụ ma ọ bụ kesaa na ihe nkesa NFS. Maka ntuziaka a, anyị ga-emepụta usoro faịlụ anọ, atọ n'ime ha na-eji ndị ọrụ sitere na ngalaba atọ: akụrụngwa mmadụ, ego na ịzụ ahịa iji kesaa faịlụ na otu bụ maka ndabere onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ.

# mkdir -p  /mnt/nfs_shares/{Human_Resource,Finance,Marketing}
# mkdir  -p /mnt/backups
# ls -l /mnt/nfs_shares/

4. Mgbe ahụ mbupụ usoro faịlụ ndị dị n'elu na ihe nkesa NFS/wdg/mbupụ nhazi faịlụ iji chọpụta usoro faịlụ anụ ahụ nke mpaghara nke ndị ahịa NFS nwere ike ịnweta.

/mnt/nfs_shares/Human_Resource  	10.20.20.0/24(rw,sync)
/mnt/nfs_shares/Finance			10.20.10.0/24(rw,sync)
/mnt/nfs_shares/Marketing		10.20.30.0/24(rw,sync)
/mnt/backups				10.20.20.9/24(rw,sync,no_all_squash,root_squash)

Nke a bụ ụfọdụ nhọrọ mbupu (gụọ mbupụ mmadụ maka ozi ndị ọzọ yana nhọrọ mbupu):

  • rw – na-enye ohere ịgụ na ide ihe na sistemụ faịlụ.
  • mmekọrịta – na-agwa ihe nkesa NFS ka o dee arụmọrụ (ozi ederede na diski) mgbe achọrọ ya (na-etinye na ndabara).
  • all_squash – maapụ UID niile na GID site na arịrịọ ndị ahịa nye onye ọrụ amaghị aha ya.
  • no_all_squash - eji akọwa UID niile na GID site na arịrịọ ndị ahịa gaa na UIDs na GID ndị ahụ na sava NFS.
  • root_squash – arịrịọ maapụ sitere n'aka onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ ma ọ bụ UID/GID 0 sitere n'aka onye ahịa gaa na UID/GID na-amaghị aha.

5. Iji bupụ sistemụ faịlụ dị n'elu, jiri ọkọlọtọ -a mee iwu exportfs pụtara mbupụ ma ọ bụ bupu akwụkwọ ndekọ aha niile, -r pụtara mbupụ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha niile, mmekọrịta /var/ lib/nfs/etab nwere /etc/exports na faịlụ n'okpuru /etc/exports.d, na -v na-enyere aka mmepụta verbose.

# exportfs -arv

6. Ka igosi ndepụta mbupụ dị ugbu a, mee iwu na-esonụ. Rịba ama na tebụl mbupụ na-emetụtakwa ụfọdụ nhọrọ mbupu mbupụ na-akọwapụtaghị nke ọma dị ka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo na-esonụ.

# exportfs  -s

7. Ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ọrụ firewalld na-agba ọsọ, ịkwesịrị ikwe ka okporo ụzọ gaa na ọrụ NFS dị mkpa (n'elu, nfs, rpc-bind) site na firewall, wee bugharịa iwu firewall iji tinye mgbanwe ndị ahụ, dị ka ndị a.

# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=nfs
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=rpc-bind
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mountd
# firewall-cmd --reload

Ịtọlite NFS Client na Sistemụ Client

8. Ugbu a na ọnụ (s) ndị ahịa, wụnye ngwugwu ndị dị mkpa iji nweta òkè NFS na usoro ndị ahịa. Gbaa iwu kwesịrị ekwesị maka nkesa gị:

# dnf install nfs-utils nfs4-acl-tools         [On CentOS/RHEL]
$ sudo apt install nfs-common nfs4-acl-tools   [On Debian/Ubuntu]

9. Mgbe ahụ na-agba ọsọ showmount iwu iji gosi ugwu ozi maka NFS nkesa. Iwu ahụ kwesịrị iwepụta sistemụ faịlụ mbupụ na onye ahịa dị ka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo.

# showmount -e 10.20.20.8

9. Na-esote, mepụta usoro faịlụ/ndekọ mpaghara maka ịkwanye usoro faịlụ NFS dịpụrụ adịpụ ma tinye ya dị ka usoro faịlụ ntf.

# mkdir -p /mnt/backups
# mount -t nfs  10.20.20.8:/mnt/backups /mnt/backups

10. Mgbe ahụ gosi na a na-agbanye sistemu faịlụ dịpụrụ adịpụ site na ịgba ọsọ iwu ugwu na nfs mounts.

# mount | grep nfs

11. Iji mee ka ugwu ahụ nọgide na-adịgide ọbụna mgbe usoro reboot gasịrị, mee iwu na-esonụ iji tinye ntinye kwesịrị ekwesị na /etc/fstab.

# echo "10.20.20.8:/mnt/backups     /mnt/backups  nfs     defaults 0 0">>/etc/fstab
# cat /etc/fstab

12. N'ikpeazụ, nwalee ma ọ bụrụ na NFS ntọlite na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma site na ịmepụta faịlụ na ihe nkesa ahụ ma lelee ma ọ bụrụ na faịlụ ahụ nwere ike ịhụ na onye ahịa.

# touch /mnt/backups/file_created_on_server.text     [On NFS Server]
# ls -l /mnt/backups/file_created_on_server.text     [On NFS client]

Mgbe ahụ mee azụ.

# touch /mnt/backups/file_created_on_client.text     [On NFS Client]
# ls -l /mnt/backups/file_created_on_client.text     [On NFS Server]

13. Iji unmount the remote file system on the client-side.

# umount /mnt/backups

Rịba ama na ị nweghị ike iwepụ sistemụ faịlụ dịpụrụ adịpụ ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ya dị ka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo na-esonụ.

Ọ bụ ya! N'ime ntuziaka a, anyị gosipụtara otu esi etinye ma hazie ihe nkesa NFS na onye ahịa na CentOS/RHEL 8. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere echiche ọ bụla ịkọrọ ma ọ bụ ajụjụ, jiri ụdị nkọwa dị n'okpuru ebe a laghachikwute anyị.