Otu esi etinye ọdụ data PostgreSQL na Debian 10

PostgreSQL (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya Postgres) bụ ebumnuche mepere emepe kachasị elu yana sistemụ nchekwa data metụtara ihe nwere ụkpụrụ arụpụtara nke na-arụ ọrụ na sistemụ arụmọrụ niile. Ọ bụ sistemụ nchekwa data dị elu, kwụsiri ike, scalable na extensible nke na-enye iguzosi ike n'ezi data dị ịtụnanya ma na-akwado mgbakwunye dị ike.

N'ụzọ dị mkpa, PostgreSQL na-enye gị ohere ịkọwapụta ụdị data nke gị, tinye ọrụ omenala, ọbụna dee koodu site na asụsụ mmemme dị iche iche dị ka C/C++, Java, wdg, na-enweghị ịchịkọta nchekwa data gị.

PostgreSQL na-eji ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ ama ama dị ka Apple, Fujitsu, Red Hat, Cisco, Juniper Network, wdg.

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-egosi gị otu esi etinye, chekwaa na hazie ihe nkesa ọdụ data PostgreSQL na Debian 10.

Wụnye Debian 10 (Buster) sava kacha nta

Ịwụnye PostgreSQL Server na Debian 10

Iji wụnye ihe nkesa nchekwa data PostgreSQL, jiri njikwa ngwugwu APT ndabara, nke ga-etinye ihe nkesa PostgreSQL 11 na onye ahịa.

# apt install postgresql-11 postgresql-client-11

Na Debian, dị ka daemons ọ bụla ọzọ, a na-ebido nchekwa data Postgres ozugbo emechara nrụnye ngwugwu dị ka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo na-esonụ.

Iji lelee ma ọ bụrụ na etinyere nchekwa data Postgres n'ezie, ị nwere ike iji pg_isready utility nke na-enyocha ọnọdụ njikọ nke sava PostgreSQL, dị ka ndị a.

# pg_isready

E wezụga nke ahụ, n'okpuru systemd, a na-amalitekwa ọrụ Postgres na-akpaghị aka ma nwee ike ịmalite na buut sistemụ. Ka ijide n'aka na ọrụ ahụ dị elu ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, mee iwu na-esonụ.

# systemctl status postgresql

Ndị a bụ iwu systemctl ndị ọzọ bara uru iji jikwaa ọrụ Postgres n'okpuru systemd.

# systemctl start postgresql
# systemctl restart postgresql
# systemctl stop postgresql
# systemctl reload postgresql 		#this reloads the service configuration

Ịchekwa ma na-ahazi ọdụ data PostgreSQL

Na ndabara, Postgres na-eji echiche nke ọrụ iji jikwaa ikike ịnweta nchekwa data yana ọrụ nchekwa data dị iche na ndị ọrụ sistemụ arụmọrụ. Ọrụ nwere ike ịbụ onye ọrụ ma ọ bụ otu, yana ọrụ nwere ikike nbanye ka a na-akpọ onye ọrụ.

Sistemụ ewepụtara ọhụrụ na-enwekarị otu ọrụ akọwara nke a na-akpọ postgres, ọ nwere aha otu akaụntụ onye ọrụ sistemụ a na-akpọ postgres, nke a na-eji nweta psql (Postgres shell) na mmemme nchekwa data ndị ọzọ.

A naghị echekwa akaụntụ onye ọrụ Postgres site na iji paswọọdụ, iji chekwaa ya, ị nwere ike ịmepụta paswọọdụ site na iji passwd utility.

# passwd postgres

Ọzọkwa, ọrụ Postgres (ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ nchekwa data nhazi ma ọ bụrụ na-amasị gị) anaghị echekwa ya na ndabara. Ikwesiri iji paswọọdụ chekwaa ya. Ugbu a gbanwee gaa na akaụntụ onye ọrụ sistemụ postgres yana ọrụ postgres (cheta ịtọọ paswọọdụ siri ike yana echekwara) dị ka egosiri.

# su - postgres
# psql -c "ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'securepass_here';"

Wee pụọ na akaụntụ postgres ka ịga n'ihu na ntuziaka.

Na-ahazi nkwenye ndị ahịa

Isi faịlụ nhazi Postgres dị na /etc/postgresql/11/main/postgresql.conf. Na mgbakwunye na faịlụ a, Postgres na-eji faịlụ nhazi abụọ ọzọ ejiri aka dezie, nke na-ejikwa njirimara ndị ahịa.

Faịlụ nhazi /etc/postgresql/11/main/pg_hba.conf na-achịkwa nkwenye ndị ahịa. Postgres na-enye ọtụtụ ụzọ nyocha ndị ahịa dị iche iche gụnyere njirimara dabere na paswọọdụ. A kwadoro njikọ ndị ahịa dabere na adreesị nnabata ndị ahịa, nchekwa data, na onye ọrụ.

Ọ bụrụ n’ịhọrọ iji njirimara dabere na paswọọdụ, ị nwere ike mejuputa otu n'ime ụzọ ndị a: md5 ma ọ bụ paswọọdụ na-arụ otu a ma ewezuga ụzọ esi ebufe paswọọdụ n'ofe njikọ ahụ, ya bụ MD5-hashed na ederede doro anya n'otu n'otu.

Iji md5 njirimara paswọọdụ na-egbochi okwuntughe site n'aka ndị hackers ma na-ezere ịchekwa okwuntughe na sava na ederede doro anya. Enwere ike iji usoro okwuntughe na nzuzo ma ọ bụrụ na ezoro ezo SSL kpuchiri njikọ ahụ.

Maka ntuziaka a, anyị ga-egosi otu esi ahazi md5 paswọọdụ njirimara maka njirimara ndị ahịa.

# vim /etc/postgresql/11/main/pg_hba.conf

Chọọ ahịrị ndị a wee gbanwee usoro nyocha ka ọ bụrụ md5 dị ka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo.

local   all             all                                     md5

Chekwaa mgbanwe ndị dị na faịlụ wee pụọ. Wee tinye mgbanwe ndị na-adịbeghị anya site na ịmalitegharị ọrụ Postgres dị ka ndị a.

# systemctl restart postgresql

Ịmepụta nchekwa data ọhụrụ yana ọrụ/onye ọrụ na PostgreSQL

Na ngalaba ikpeazụ a, anyị ga-egosi otu esi emepụta onye ọrụ nchekwa data ọhụrụ yana ọrụ nchekwa data iji jikwaa ya. Mbụ, gbanwee gaa na akaụntụ postgres wee mepee shei Postgres dị ka ndị a.

# su - postgres
$ psql

Iji mepụta nchekwa data akpọrọ \test_db mee iwu SQL ndị a.

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE test_db;

Mgbe ahụ mepụta onye ọrụ nchekwa data (ọrụ nwere ikike nbanye) onye ga-ejikwa nchekwa data ọhụrụ dị ka ndị a.

postgres=#CREATE USER test_user PASSWORD ‘[email _here’;     #assumes login function by default

Iji jikọọ na test_db dị ka onye ọrụ test_user, mee iwu a.

 
$ psql -d  test_db  -U test_user

Maka ozi ndị ọzọ, hụ akwụkwọ PostgreSQL 11.

Ọ bụrụ na maka ugbu a! N'ime ntuziaka a, anyị egosila otu esi etinye, chekwaa na hazie ihe nkesa nchekwa data PostgreSQL na Debian 10. Ị nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ echiche ị ga-ekekọrịta? Jiri mpempe nkọwa n'okpuru rute anyị.