Jiri psacct ma ọ bụ ngwa acct nyochaa mmemme ndị ọrụ Linux
psacct ma ọ bụ acct abụọ bụ akụrụngwa mepere emepe maka nyochaa mmemme ndị ọrụ na sistemụ Linux. Ngwa ndị a na-agba ọsọ n'azụ wee debe ọrụ onye ọrụ ọ bụla na sistemụ gị yana ihe akụrụngwa na-eri.
Mụ onwe m na-eji ngwaọrụ ndị a na ụlọ ọrụ anyị, anyị nwere otu mmepe ebe ndị mmepe anyị na-arụ ọrụ na sava. Yabụ, ndị a bụ akụrụngwa kachasị mma iji lekwasị anya na ha.
Mmemme ndị a na-enye ụzọ dị mma iji nyochaa ihe ndị ọrụ na-eme, iwu ndị ha na-eme, ego ole ha na-eri, yana ogologo oge ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na sistemụ. Akụkụ ọzọ bara uru bụ, na ọ na-enye mkpokọta akụrụngwa riri site na ọrụ dịka Apache, MySQL, FTP, SSH, wdg.
[I nwekwara ike ịmasị gị: Otu esi enyocha iwu Linux nke ndị ọrụ sistemụ na-egbu ozugbo]
Echere m na nke a bụ otu n'ime ngwa ọrụ dị ukwuu na nke kachasị mkpa maka Linux/Unix System Administrator, onye chọrọ idobe usoro ihe omume onye ọrụ na sava/sistemụ ha.
Ngwungwu psacct ma ọ bụ acct na-enye ọtụtụ atụmatụ maka nlekota oru usoro.
- ac iwu na-ebipụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nbanye/nhapụ onye ọrụ (njikọ oge) n'ime awa.
- iwu ikpeazụ comm na-ebipụta ozi nke iwu onye ọrụ emeburu.
- A na-eji iwu acton ịgbanwuo/ gbanyụọ usoro maka ndekọ ego.
- iwu iwu na-achịkọta ozi nke iwu ndị emeburu.
- iwu ikpeazụ na nke ikpeazụ na-egosi ndepụta nke ndị ọrụ batara ikpeazụ.
Ịwụnye psacct ma ọ bụ acct ngwugwu na Linux
psacct na acct abụọ bụ ngwugwu yiri nke ahụ na enweghị nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ha, mana ngwugwu psacct dị naanị maka nkesa dabere na rpm dị ka RHEL, CentOS, na Fedora, ebe ngwugwu acct dị maka nkesa dị ka Ubuntu, Debian, na Linux Mint.
Iji tinye ngwungwu psacct n'okpuru nkesa dabere na rpm na-enye iwu yum a.
# yum install psacct
Iji wụnye ngwugwu acct site na iji iwu dabara adaba n'okpuru Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint.
$ sudo apt install acct
Na nkesa Linux ndị ọzọ, ịnwere ike ịwụnye ya dịka egosiri.
$ sudo apk add psacct [On Alpine Linux] $ sudo pacman -S acct [On Arch Linux] $ sudo zypper install acct [On OpenSUSE]
Site na ndabara, ọrụ psacct nọ na ọnọdụ nkwarụ ma ịkwesịrị iji aka malite ya n'okpuru nkesa dabere na RHEL. Jiri iwu a ka ịlele ọkwa ọrụ.
$ sudo systemctl status psacct
Ị na-ahụ ọkwa na-egosi dị ka nkwarụ, yabụ ka anyị jiri aka bido ya site na iji iwu ndị a, nke ga-emepụta faịlụ /var/account/pacct.
$ sudo systemctl start psacct $ sudo systemctl enable psacct $ sudo systemctl status psacct
N'okpuru Ubuntu, Debian, na Mint ọrụ malitere na-akpaghị aka, ịkwesighi ịmalite ya ọzọ.
Gosipụta Statistics nke Ọrụ Jikọọ Oge
ac iwu na-akọwapụtaghị arụmụka ọ bụla ga-egosiputa ngụkọta oge nke njikọ n'ime awa dabere na nbanye/logouts onye ọrụ site na faịlụ wtmp dị ugbu a.
# ac total 11299.15
Gosipụta Statistics nke Linux Users Day-maara ihe
Iji iwu ac -d ga-ebipụta oge nbanye n'ime awa kwa ụbọchị.
# ac -d Jun 25 total 0.19 Oct 13 total 14.45 Oct 27 total 672.00 Oct 28 total 15.82 Nov 3 total 4.29 Nov 5 total 10.13 Dec 7 total 14.04 Dec 10 total 23.60 Dec 27 total 808.93 Jan 3 total 12.31 Mar 3 total 1438.67 Jul 22 total 6767.81 Today total 1517.09
Gosipụta ngụkọta oge nbanye nke ndị ọrụ Linux niile
Iji iwu ac -p ga-ebipụta oge nbanye nke onye ọrụ Linux ọ bụla n'ime awa.
# ac -p rockylinux 425.61 tecmint 702.29 root 10171.54 total 11299.44
Gosipụta oge nbanye onye ọrụ Linux
Iji nweta ngụkọta oge nbanye nke onye ọrụ tecmint n'ime awa, jiri iwu dị ka.
# ac tecmint
total 702.29
Gosipụta Oge nbanye nke maara ihe ụbọchị nke onye ọrụ
Iwu na-esonụ ga-ebipụta oge nbanye nke onye ọrụ tecmint ụbọchị amamihe n'ime awa.
# ac -d tecmint
Oct 11 total 8.01 Oct 12 total 24.00 Oct 15 total 70.50 Oct 16 total 23.57 Oct 17 total 24.00 Oct 18 total 18.70 Nov 20 total 0.18
Bipụta iwu Linux niile nke ndị ọrụ mebiri
A na-eji iwu “sa” bipụta nchịkọta iwu ndị ọrụ mere.
# sa
2 9.86re 0.00cp 2466k sshd*
8 1.05re 0.00cp 1064k man
2 10.08re 0.00cp 2562k sshd
12 0.00re 0.00cp 1298k psacct
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1575k troff
14 0.00re 0.00cp 503k ac
10 0.00re 0.00cp 1264k psacct*
10 0.00re 0.00cp 466k consoletype
9 0.00re 0.00cp 509k sa
8 0.02re 0.00cp 769k udisks-helper-a
6 0.00re 0.00cp 1057k touch
6 0.00re 0.00cp 592k gzip
6 0.00re 0.00cp 465k accton
4 1.05re 0.00cp 1264k sh*
4 0.00re 0.00cp 1264k nroff*
2 1.05re 0.00cp 1264k sh
2 1.05re 0.00cp 1120k less
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1346k groff
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1383k grotty
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1053k mktemp
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1030k iconv
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1023k rm
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1020k cat
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1018k locale
2 0.00re 0.00cp 802k gtbl
Nkọwa nke mmepụta iwu dị n'elu:
- 9.86re bụ “ezigbo oge” dị ka nkeji elekere mgbidi
- 0.01cp bụ nchikota sistemụ/ oge onye ọrụ na nkeji cpu
- 2466k bụ nghazi nke oge cpu, ya bụ 1k nkeji
- sshd aha iwu
Bipụta ozi onye ọrụ Linux
Iji nweta ozi nke onye ọrụ, jiri nhọrọ -u.
# sa -u
root 0.00 cpu 465k mem accton root 0.00 cpu 1057k mem touch root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 465k mem accton root 0.00 cpu 1057k mem touch
Ọnụọgụ Bipute nke Usoro Linux
Iwu a na-ebipụta ọnụọgụ usoro yana nkeji CPU. Ọ bụrụ na ị hụ mmụba na-aga n'ihu na ọnụọgụ ndị a, mgbe ahụ ọ bụ oge ileba anya na usoro ihe na-eme.
# sa -m
sshd 2 9.86re 0.00cp 2466k root 127 14.29re 0.00cp 909k
Bipụta na hazie ojiji site na Pasent
Iwu sa -c na-egosiputa pasenti kachasị elu nke ndị ọrụ.
# sa -c
132 100.00% 24.16re 100.00% 0.01cp 100.00% 923k
2 1.52% 9.86re 40.83% 0.00cp 53.33% 2466k sshd*
8 6.06% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 20.00% 1064k man
2 1.52% 10.08re 41.73% 0.00cp 13.33% 2562k sshd
12 9.09% 0.00re 0.01% 0.00cp 6.67% 1298k psacct
2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 6.67% 1575k troff
18 13.64% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 509k sa
14 10.61% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 503k ac
10 7.58% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k psacct*
10 7.58% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 466k consoletype
8 6.06% 0.02re 0.07% 0.00cp 0.00% 769k udisks-helper-a
6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1057k touch
6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 592k gzip
6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 465k accton
4 3.03% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k sh*
4 3.03% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k nroff*
2 1.52% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k sh
2 1.52% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1120k less
2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1346k groff
2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1383k grotty
2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1053k mktempDepụta iwu onye ọrụ emechara ikpeazụ
A na-eji iwu 'latcomm' iji chọọ ma gosipụta ozi iwu onye ọrụ emeburu. Ịnwekwara ike ịchọ iwu nke aha njirimara n'otu n'otu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị na-ahụ iwu onye ọrụ (tecmint).
# lastcomm tecmint
su tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 grep tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 grep tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 dircolors tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 tput tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 tty tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
Chọọ ndekọ maka iwu
Site n'enyemaka nke iwu ikpeazụ comm, ị ga-enwe ike ilele ojiji nke iwu ọ bụla.
# lastcomm ls
ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
Maka ozi ndị ọzọ na ojiji, lelee ibe akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke ngwaọrụ ndị a.