Iwu 10 Nginx kacha eji eme ihe Onye ọrụ Linux ọ bụla ga-amarịrị
Nginx (akpọ Engine x) bụ n'efu, oghere mepere emepe, arụmọrụ dị elu, enwere ike, ntụkwasị obi, zuru oke na HTTP na-ewu ewu na sava proxy reverse, ihe nkesa proxy mail, yana sava proxy TCP/UDP.
A maara Nginx nke ọma maka nhazi ya dị mfe, yana oriri ihe onwunwe dị ala n'ihi ọrụ ya dị elu, a na-eji ya mee ka ọtụtụ saịtị ndị na-eme njem dị elu na weebụ, dị ka GitHub, SoundCloud, Dropbox, Netflix, WordPress na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.
N'ime ntuziaka a, anyị ga-akọwa ụfọdụ n'ime iwu njikwa ọrụ Nginx a na-ejikarị eme ihe na, dịka onye nrụpụta ma ọ bụ onye nchịkwa sistemụ, ị ga-edobe n'aka gị. Anyị ga-egosi iwu maka ma Systemd na SysVinit.
A ga-egburịrị ndepụta ndị a niile nke iwu Nginx a ma ama dị ka mgbọrọgwụ ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ sudo wee rụọ ọrụ na nkesa Linux ọ bụla dị ka CentOS, RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu na Fedora.
Wụnye Nginx Server
Ka ịwụnye sava weebụ Nginx, jiri njikwa ngwungwu nkesa ndabere gị dịka egosiri.
$ sudo yum install epel-release && yum install nginx [On CentOS/RHEL] $ sudo dnf install nginx [On Fedora] $ sudo apt install nginx [On Debian/Ubuntu]
Lelee ụdị Nginx
Ka ịlele ụdị nke sava weebụ Nginx arụnyere na sistemụ Linux gị, mee iwu a.
$ nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
Iwu dị n'elu na-egosipụta naanị nọmba ụdị. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịlele ụdị na hazie nhọrọ wee jiri ọkọlọtọ -V dị ka egosiri.
$ nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-debug --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E'
Lelee syntax nhazi Nginx
Tupu ịmalite ọrụ Nginx, ị nwere ike ịlele ma syntax nhazi ya ọ bụ eziokwu. Nke a bara uru karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ịmeela mgbanwe ma ọ bụ tinye nhazi ọhụrụ na nhazi nhazi dị ugbu a.
Iji nwalee nhazi Nginx, mee iwu a.
$ sudo nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Ị nwere ike ịnwale nhazi Nginx, tụfuo ya wee pụọ site na iji ọkọlọtọ -T dị ka egosiri.
$ sudo nginx -T
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
....
Malite ọrụ Nginx
Iji malite ọrụ Nginx, mee iwu a. Rịba ama na usoro a nwere ike ịda ma ọ bụrụ na nhazi nhazi adịghị mma.
$ sudo systemctl start nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx start #sysvinit
Kwado ọrụ Nginx
Iwu gara aga na-amalite ọrụ naanị maka oge a, iji mee ka ọ malite na akpaghị aka n'oge buut, mee iwu a.
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx enable #sysv init
Malitegharịa ọrụ Nginx
Ka ịmalitegharịa ọrụ Nginx, ihe ga-akwụsị wee malite ọrụ ahụ.
$ sudo systemctl restart nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx restart #sysv init
Lelee ọkwa ọrụ Nginx
Ị nwere ike ịlele ọkwa ọrụ Nginx dị ka ndị a. Iwu a na-egosi ọkwa oge ịgba ọsọ gbasara ọrụ ahụ.
$ sudo systemctl status nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx status #sysvinit
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-03-05 05:27:15 EST; 2min 59s ago
Main PID: 31515 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─31515 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
└─31516 nginx: worker process
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net nginx[31509]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net nginx[31509]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
Bugharịa ọrụ Nginx
Iji gwa Nginx ka ọ bugharịa nhazi ya, jiri iwu a.
$ sudo systemctl reload nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx reload #sysvinit
Kwụsị ọrụ Nginx
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịkwụsị ọrụ Nginx otu ugboro ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ, jiri iwu na-esonụ.
$ sudo systemctl stop nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx stop #sysvinit
Gosi Enyemaka Iwu Nginx
Iji nweta ntuziaka ntụaka dị mfe nke iwu na nhọrọ Nginx niile, jiri iwu na-eso.
$ systemctl -h nginx
systemctl [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...
Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.
-h --help Show this help
--version Show package version
--system Connect to system manager
-H --host=[[email ]HOST
Operate on remote host
-M --machine=CONTAINER
Operate on local container
-t --type=TYPE List units of a particular type
--state=STATE List units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state
-p --property=NAME Show only properties by this name
-a --all Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty
ones. To list all units installed on the system, use
the 'list-unit-files' command instead.
-l --full Don't ellipsize unit names on output
-r --recursive Show unit list of host and local containers
--reverse Show reverse dependencies with 'list-dependencies'
--job-mode=MODE Specify how to deal with already queued jobs, when
queueing a new job
--show-types When showing sockets, explicitly show their type
-i --ignore-inhibitors
...
Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị ịgụ akụkọ Nginx ndị a na-esote.
- Nduzi kacha mma maka nchekwa, sie ike na kwalite arụmọrụ nke sava Webụ Nginx
- Mbawanye – Nleba anya NGINX dị mfe
- ngxtop – Nyochaa Nginx Log Files na ezigbo oge na Linux
- Otu esi etinye Nginx site na iji Virtual Hosts na Asambodo SSL
- Etu esi ezobe ụdị nkesa Nginx na Linux
Nke ahụ bụ ihe niile ugbu a! N'ime ntuziaka a, anyị akọwala ụfọdụ iwu njikwa ọrụ Nginx a na-ejikarị eme ihe nke ị kwesịrị ịma, gụnyere ịmalite, inye, ịmalitegharị na ịkwụsị Nginx. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mgbakwunye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ajụjụ ị ga-ajụ, jiri ụdị nzaghachi dị n'okpuru.