10 tr Ihe Nlereanya Iwu na Linux


tr (obere maka ntụgharị asụsụ) bụ uru ahịrị iwu bara uru nke na-atụgharị na/ma ọ bụ hichapụ mkpụrụedemede na ntinye stdin, na-edekwa stdout. Ọ bụ mmemme bara uru maka ijikwa ederede na ahịrị iwu.

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-akọwa ụfọdụ ihe atụ iwu tr bara uru maka Linux newbies.

Okwu syntax maka ịgba ọsọ tr iwu bụ nke a, ebe a na-atụgharị mkpụrụedemede na SET1 ka ọ bụrụ mkpụrụedemede na SET2.

$ tr flags [SET1] [SET2]

Ihe atụ Linux tr Command

1. A mfe tr iwu ojiji ikpe bụ ịgbanwe niile obere mkpụrụedemede na ederede na nnukwu na vice versa, dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.

$ cat linux.txt

linux is my life
linux has changed my life
linux is best and everthing to me..:)
$ cat domains.txt | tr [:lower:] [:upper:]

LINUX IS MY LIFE
LINUX HAS CHANGED MY LIFE
LINUX IS BEST AND EVERTHING TO ME..:)

2. N'aka nke ọzọ, ịnwere ike iji iwu na-esonụ iji gbanwee mkpụrụedemede obere obere ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu n'ime faịlụ dị ka egosiri.

$ cat linux.txt | tr [a-z] [A-Z]

LINUX IS MY LIFE
LINUX HAS CHANGED MY LIFE
LINUX IS BEST AND EVERTHING TO ME..:)

3. Ka ịchekwaa rịzọlt e dere na stdout na faịlụ maka nhazi ọzọ, jiri nrụgharị nrụpụta shei (>) dị ka egosiri.

$ cat linux.txt | tr [a-z] [A-Z] >output.txt
$ cat output.txt 

LINUX IS MY LIFE
LINUX HAS CHANGED MY LIFE
LINUX IS BEST AND EVERTHING TO ME..:)

4. N'ihe gbasara redirection, ị nwere ike izipu ntinye aka na tr site na iji ntinye ntinye ntinye ma redirect mmepụta na faịlụ site na iji otu iwu ahụ, dị ka egosiri.

$ tr [a-z] [A-Z] < linux.txt >output.txt

5. Akụkụ ọzọ bara uru bụ, ị nwere ike iji ọkọlọtọ -d ihichapụ mkpụrụedemede, dịka ọmụmaatụ iji wepu oghere dị na ngalaba aha site na iji iwu a.

$ cat domains.txt

www. tecmint. com
www. fossmint. com
www. linuxsay. com
$ cat domains.txt | tr -d '' 

linux-console.net
www.fossmint.com
www.linuxsay.com

6. Ọ bụrụ na enwere mkpụrụedemede ugboro ugboro n'usoro (dịka ọmụmaatụ oghere abụọ) na ederede ị na-ahazi, ịnwere ike iji nhọrọ -s kpachie mkpụrụedemede na-ahapụ naanị otu ihe mere ya.

$ cat domains.txt

www.tecmint.....com
www.fossmint.com
www.linuxsay.com
$ cat domains.txt | tr -s '' 

linux-console.net
www.fossmint.com
www.linuxsay.com

7. Nhọrọ -c na-agwa tr ka o jiri mmeju na enyere SET. N'ihe atụ a, anyị chọrọ ihichapụ mkpụrụedemede niile wee hapụ naanị UID.

$ echo "My UID is $UID" | tr -cd "[:digit:]\n"
OR
$ echo "My UID is $UID" | tr -d "a-zA-Z"

8. Nke a bụ ihe atụ nke imebi otu ahịrị okwu (ahịrịokwu) n'ọtụtụ ahịrị, ebe okwu ọ bụla pụtara n'ahịrị dị iche.

$ echo "My UID is $UID"

My UID is 1000

$ echo "My UID is $UID" | tr " "  "\n"

My 
UID 
is 
1000

9. N'ihe metụtara ọmụmaatụ gara aga, ị nwekwara ike ịtụgharị ọtụtụ ahịrị okwu n'otu ahịrịokwu dịka egosiri.

$ cat uid.txt

My 
UID 
is 
1000

$ tr "\n" " " < uid.txt

My UID is 1000

10. Ọ nwekwara ike ịtụgharị naanị otu mkpụrụedemede, dịka ọmụmaatụ oghere n'ime mkpụrụedemede \: ”, dịka ndị a.

$ echo "linux-console.net =>Linux-HowTos,Guides,Tutorials" | tr " " ":"

linux-console.net:=>Linux-HowTos,Guides,Tutorials

Enwere ọtụtụ mkpụrụedemede usoro ị nwere ike iji na tr, maka ozi ndị ọzọ, lee ibe tr man.

$ man tr

Ọ gwụla! tr bụ iwu bara uru maka ịmegharị ederede na ahịrị iwu. N'ime ntuziaka a, anyị gosiri ụfọdụ ihe atụ ojiji tr iwu bara uru maka ndị ọhụrụ Linux. Ị nwere ike ịkọrọ anyị echiche gị site na ụdị nkọwa n'okpuru.