Ihe Nlereanya Iwu Ping 12 bara uru maka ndị ọrụ Linux
Ping bụ ihe dị mfe, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe, nke ịkparịta ụka n'igwe maka nnwale ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike iru onye ọbịa na netwọkụ Internet Protocol (IP). Ọ na-arụ ọrụ site na izipu usoro ECHO_REQUEST ozi ECHO_REQUEST na-echere nzaghachi ICMP echo (ma ọ bụ ECHO_RESPONSE).
Ị nwere ike ịme ule ping iji chọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na kọmputa gị nwere ike ịkparịta ụka na kọmputa ọzọ (ndị ọbịa na-ezube); ọ na-enyere gị aka ikpebi:
- ma onye nnabata lekwasịrị anya enwere ike iru (na-arụ ọrụ) ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị,
- iji tụọ oge ole ọ na-ewe maka ngwugwu iji rute onye lekwasịrị anya wee laghachi na kọmpụta gị (oge njem njem (rtt) na mkparịta ụka na onye ọbịa ahụ) na
- mfu ngwugwu ahụ, akọpụtara dị ka pasentị.
Ya mmepụta bụ ndepụta nzaghachi si lekwasịrị usu tinyere oge e maka ikpeazụ ngwugwu iru lekwasịrị usu na azụ na kọmputa gị. Ọ na-egosikwa nchịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ule ahụ, na-agụnye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwugwu ebufe na ndị natara, pasent nke mfu ngwugwu; opekempe, kacha, oge njem okirikiri, yana ngbanwe ọkọlọtọ nke ọ pụtara (mdev). Ọ bụrụ na ule ping daa, ị ga-ahụ ozi mperi dị ka mmepụta.
N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-akọwa ihe atụ iwu ping 12 bara uru maka ịnwale ikike nke onye ọbịa na netwọk.
Mụta Ọmụmaatụ Ping Command
1. Ị nwere ike na-agba ọsọ a mfe ping ule iji hụ ma targe host www.google.com bụ iru ma ọ bụ na. Ị nwekwara ike iji adreesị IP kama aha ngalaba dịka egosiri.
$ ping www.google.com OR $ ping 216.58.212.78
PING www.google.com (172.217.166.164) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=2.40 ms 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=2 ttl=57 time=2.48 ms 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=3 ttl=57 time=2.43 ms 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=4 ttl=57 time=2.35 ms ^C --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3004ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.353/2.420/2.484/0.058 ms
Site na nsonaazụ nke iwu ahụ dị n'elu, ping nwere ihe ịga nke ọma ma ọ nweghị ngwugwu furu efu. Otu ihe dị mkpa ị ga-edeba ama, na mmepụta ule ping bụ oge na njedebe nke nzaghachi ping ọ bụla. Na-eche na ị na-eme nyocha ping na sava gị, uru ebe a bara nnukwu uru, dabere n'ụdị ngwa ị na-agba na ihe nkesa.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ngwa webụ ebe otu onye na-arịọ arịrịọ rụpụtara n'ọtụtụ ajụjụ na nchekwa data iji mepụta nsonaazụ na UI, mgbe ahụ obere oge ping na nkesa ahụ pụtara na a na-ebufe data ndị ọzọ na-enweghị igbu oge na ihe megidere ya bụ eziokwu.
2. Ị nwere ike ịkọwa nọmba ECHO_REQUEST nke a ga-eziga mgbe ping ga-apụ, na-eji ọkọlọtọ -c dị ka egosiri (na nke a, ule ping ga-akwụsị mgbe izipu ngwugwu 5).
$ ping -c 5 www.google.com PING www.google.com (172.217.163.36) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=29.7 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=29.7 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=3 ttl=56 time=29.4 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=4 ttl=56 time=30.2 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=5 ttl=56 time=29.6 ms --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4004ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 29.499/29.781/30.285/0.307 ms
3. Ọkọlọtọ -i na-enye gị ohere ịtọ oge n'ime sekọnd n'etiti izipu ngwugwu ọ bụla, uru ndabara bụ otu sekọnd.
$ ping -i 3 -c 5 www.google.com
4. Iji chọpụta nzaghachi nke netwọk gị n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị elu, ị nwere ike ịgba ọsọ flood ping nke na-eziga arịrịọ ngwa ngwa o kwere mee, na-eji -f mgba ọkụ. Naanị mgbọrọgwụ nwere ike iji nke a. nhọrọ, ma ọ bụghị, jiri iwu sudo nweta ohere mgbọrọgwụ.
$ sudo ping -f www.google.com OR $ sudo ping -f -i 3 www.google.com #specify interval between requests PING www.google.com (172.217.163.36) 56(84) bytes of data. .......................................................................................................................................................................................^C --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 2331 packets transmitted, 2084 received, 10% packet loss, time 34095ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 29.096/29.530/61.474/1.417 ms, pipe 4, ipg/ewma 14.633/29.341 ms
5. Ị nwere ike mee ka mgbasa ozi pinging jiri -b dị ka egosiri.
$ ping -b 192.168.43.255
6. Iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ hops netwọk (TTL - Time-to-live) nke na-enyocha traverse, jiri ọkọlọtọ -t. Ị nwere ike ịtọ uru ọ bụla n'etiti 1 na 255; Sistemu arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na-edobe ndabara dị iche iche.
Onye ọ bụla rawụta natara ngwugwu na-ewepụ opekata mpe 1 na ọnụọgụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ ka karịrị 0, rawụta ahụ na-ebuga ngwugwu ahụ gaa na hop ọzọ, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ tụfuru ya wee ziga nzaghachi ICMP na kọmputa gị.
N'ihe atụ a, agafeela TTL yana ule ping adaala, dịka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo.
$ ping -t 10 www.google.com
7. The ndabara ngwugwu size kwesịrị zuru ezu maka a ping ule, Otú ọ dị, i nwere ike ịgbanwe ya izute gị kpọmkwem ule mkpa. Ị nwere ike ịkọwa nha nke ụgwọ a na-akwụ, n'ọnụọgụ bytes na-eji nhọrọ -s, nke ga-ebute mkpokọta uru nke ngwugwu agbakwunyere gbakwunyere bytes 8 maka nkụnye eji isi mee ICMP.
$ ping -s 1000 www.google.com
8. Ọ bụrụ na akọwapụtara preload, ping na-eziga na ọtụtụ ngwugwu anaghị echere nzaghachi. Mara na ọ bụ naanị mgbọrọgwụ nwere ike họrọ ibubata ihe karịrị 3, ma ọ bụghị ya, jiri iwu sudo nweta ikike mgbọrọgwụ.
$ sudo ping -l 5 www.google.com
9. Ọ dịkwa ike ịtọ oge ichere maka nzaghachi, n'ime sekọnd, iji -W nhọrọ dị ka egosiri.
$ ping -W 10 www.google.com
10. Ka ịtọọ oge nkwụsị n'ime sekọnd, tupu ping apụ n'agbanyeghị ole ngwugwu ezigara ma ọ bụ natara, jiri ọkọlọtọ -w.
$ ping -w 10 www.google.com
11. Nhọrọ -d na-enye gị ohere ịme nkọwa ngwugwu IP debug dị ka egosiri.
$ ping -d www.google.com
12. Ị nwere ike mee ka mmepụta verbose jiri ọkọlọtọ -v, dị ka ndị a.
$ ping -v www.google.com
Mara: Enwere ike ọ gaghị eji Ping mee nnwale maka njikọta netwọkụ, ọ na-agwa gị naanị ma adreesị IP adịghị arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ adịghị arụ ọrụ. A na-ejikarị ya na MTR - ngwaọrụ nchọpụta netwọk ọgbara ọhụrụ na-ejikọta ọrụ ping na traceroute ma na-enye ọtụtụ atụmatụ ndị ọzọ.
Maka ndepụta zuru oke nke ngwaọrụ ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet, lelee: A Linux Sysadmin's Guide to Network Management, Troubleshoot and Debugging
Ping bụ usoro a na-ahụkarị maka nchọpụta nsogbu nnweta nke ndị ọbịa na netwọkụ. N'ime edemede a, anyị akọwala ihe atụ iwu ping 12 bara uru maka ịnwale ike nke ngwaọrụ netwọk. Gwa anyị echiche gị site na ụdị nkọwa n'okpuru.