Otu esi edozi passwd: Njehie njikwa akara njirimara na Linux

Na Linux, a na-eji iwu passwd iji tọọ ma ọ bụ gbanwee okwuntughe akaụntụ onye ọrụ, ebe ị na-eji iwu a mgbe ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ nwere ike nweta njehie: \passwd: Njehie njikwa njirimara njirimara dị ka egosiri n'ihe atụ n'okpuru.

Na nso nso a, m na-eji aha njirimara tecmint na-abanye na sava CentOS m. Ozugbo m banyere, m na-agbalị ịgbanwe paswọọdụ m site na iji passwd utility, mana nke abụọ ka m nwetasịrị ozi njehie ndị a.

# su - tecmint
$ passwd tecmint
Changing password for user tecmint
Changing password for tecmint

(current) UNIX password: 
passwd: Authentication token manipulation error

N'edemede a, anyị ga-akọwa ụzọ dị iche iche e si edozi \passwd: Njehie njikwa akara ngosi na sistemụ Linux.

1. Reboot System

Ngwọta mbụ bụ isi bụ ịmalitegharị sistemụ gị. Enweghị m ike ịkọwa ihe kpatara nke a ji arụ ọrụ, mana ọ rụrụụrụ m ọrụ na CentOS 7 m.

$ sudo reboot

Ọ bụrụ na nke a ada, nwalee ngwọta na-esote.

2. Tọọ ntọala Modul PAM ziri ezi

Ihe ọzọ nwere ike ịkpata njehie \passwd: Nyocha njirimara akara njehie bụ ntọala PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) na-ezighi ezi.

A na-ahụ ntọala dị iche iche maka PAM na /etc/pam.d/.

$ ls -l /etc/pam.d/

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 142 Mar 23  2017 abrt-cli-root
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 272 Mar 22  2017 atd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192 Jan 26 07:41 chfn
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192 Jan 26 07:41 chsh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 232 Mar 22  2017 config-util
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 293 Aug 23  2016 crond
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115 Nov 11  2010 eject
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  19 Apr 12  2012 fingerprint-auth -> fingerprint-auth-ac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 659 Apr 10  2012 fingerprint-auth-ac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147 Oct  5  2009 halt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 728 Jan 26 07:41 login
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 172 Nov 18  2016 newrole
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 154 Mar 22  2017 other
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 146 Nov 23  2015 passwd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  16 Apr 12  2012 password-auth -> password-auth-ac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 896 Apr 10  2012 password-auth-ac
....

Dịka ọmụmaatụ faịlụ /etc/pam.d/common-password ahazighị nke ọma nwere ike ịkpata njehie a, iji iwu pam-auth-update na ikike mgbọrọgwụ nwere ike idozi nsogbu ahụ.

$ sudo pam-auth-update

3. Remount Root Partition

Ị nwekwara ike ịhụ njehie a ma ọ bụrụ na etinyere nkebi / dị ka agụ naanị, nke pụtara na ọ nweghị faịlụ nwere ike gbanwee ya mere enweghị ike ịtọ ma ọ bụ gbanwee paswọọdụ onye ọrụ. Iji dozie njehie a, ịkwesịrị ịkwanye nkebi mgbọrọgwụ dị ka ịgụ/dee dị ka egosiri.

$ sudo mount -o remount,rw /

4. Tọọ ikike ziri ezi na faịlụ onyinyo

Ikike na-ezighi ezi na faịlụ /etc/shadow, nke na-echekwa okwuntughe n'ezie maka akaụntụ onye ọrụ n'ụdị ezoro ezo nwekwara ike bute njehie a. Ka ịlele ikike dị na faịlụ a, jiri iwu na-esonụ.

$ ls -l  /etc/shadow

Ka ịtọọ ikike ziri ezi na ya, jiri iwu chmod dị ka ndị a.

$ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/shadow

5. Mmezi na dozie njehie sistemụ faịlụ

Obere draịva nchekwa ma ọ bụ njehie sistemụ faịlụ nwekwara ike bute mperi a na-ajụ. Ị nwere ike iji ngwaọrụ nyocha diski Linux dị ka fsck iji dozie njehie ndị ahụ.

6. Oghere diski efu

Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na diski gị jupụtara, mgbe ahụ ị nweghị ike ịgbanwe faịlụ ọ bụla na diski ahụ karịsịa mgbe nha faịlụ chọrọ ịbawanye. Nke a nwekwara ike ịkpata njehie dị n'elu. N'okwu a, gụọ akụkọ anyị na-esonụ iji kpochapụ oghere diski nwere ike inye aka dozie njehie a.

Agedu – Ngwa bara uru iji nyochaa oghere diski efu na Linux
BleachBit – Ihe nhicha oghere diski efu na nchekwa nzuzo maka sistemụ Linux
Etu esi achọta ma wepu faịlụ oyiri/achọghị na Linux Iji Ngwa 'FSlint'

Ị ga-ahụkwa akụkọ ndị a gbasara ijikwa okwuntughe onye ọrụ na Linux.

Otu esi tọgharịa okwuntughe mgbọrọgwụ echefuru na RHEL/CentOS na Fedora
Otu esi amanye onye ọrụ ịgbanwe okwuntughe na nbanye ọzọ na Linux
Otu esi agbaa iwu 'sudo' na-abanyeghị paswọọdụ na Linux

Nke ahụ bụ maka ugbu a! Ọ bụrụ na ị maara ihe ngwọta ọ bụla ọzọ iji dozie \passwd: Njehie njikwa akara ngosi, mee ka anyị mara site na mpempe nzaghachi n'okpuru. Anyị ga-enwe ekele maka ntinye aka gị.