MTR - Ngwaọrụ nyocha netwọkụ maka Linux
MTR bụ ngwaọrụ nyocha netwọkụ iwu dị mfe, nke na-ejikọta ọrụ traceroute na mmemme ping n'ime otu ngwaọrụ. N'otu aka ahụ dị ka traceroute, mtr na-ebipụta ozi gbasara ụzọ ngwugwu na-esi n'aka onye ọbịa nke mtr na-agbaga na onye ọrụ akọwapụtara ebe ọ ga-aga.
Otú ọ dị, mtr na-egosi ụbara ozi karịa traceroute: ọ na-ekpebi ụzọ nke igwe dịpụrụ adịpụ mgbe ọ na-ebipụta pasent nzaghachi yana oge nzaghachi nke netwọk netwọk niile na ịntanetị n'etiti usoro mpaghara na igwe dịpụrụ adịpụ.
Ozugbo ị na-agba ọsọ mtr, ọ na-enyocha njikọ netwọk dị n'etiti sistemu mpaghara na onye ọbịa nke ị kọwapụtara. Ọ na-ebu ụzọ guzobe adreesị nke netwọk hop ọ bụla (bridges, routers and gateways etc.) n'etiti ndị ọbịa, ọ na-eziga pings (na-eziga arịrịọ ICMP ECHO usoro na) onye ọ bụla iji chọpụta àgwà njikọ nke igwe ọ bụla.
N'oge ọrụ a, mtr na-ewepụta ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ bara uru gbasara igwe ọ bụla - emelitere na ozugbo, na ndabara.
Ngwá ọrụ a na-abịabu etinyere na ọtụtụ nkesa Linux ma ọ dị mfe iji ozugbo ị gafere ihe atụ iwu 10 mtr maka nchọpụta netwọkụ na Linux, kọwara n'okpuru.
Ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị mtr, ịnwere ike ịwụnye ya na nkesa Linux nke gị site na iji njikwa ngwugwu ndabere gị dịka egosiri.
$ sudo apt install mtr $ sudo yum install mtr $ sudo dnf install mtr
Ihe Nlereanya 10 MTR Network Diagnostics Tool
1. Ihe atụ kachasị mfe nke iji mtr bụ ịnye aha ngalaba ma ọ bụ adreesị IP nke igwe dịpụrụ adịpụ dị ka arụmụka, dịka ọmụmaatụ google.com ma ọ bụ 216.58.223.78. Iwu a ga-egosi gị akụkọ traceroute emelitere ozugbo, ruo mgbe ị ga-apụ na mmemme (site na ịpị q ma ọ bụ Ctrl + C).
$ mtr google.com OR $ mtr 216.58.223.78 Start: Thu Jun 28 12:10:13 2018 HOST: TecMint Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev 1.|-- 192.168.0.1 0.0% 5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 2.|-- 5.5.5.211 0.0% 5 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.3 0.0 3.|-- 209.snat-111-91-120.hns.n 80.0% 5 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 0.0 4.|-- 72.14.194.226 0.0% 5 1.9 2.9 1.9 4.4 1.1 5.|-- 108.170.248.161 0.0% 5 2.9 3.5 2.0 4.3 0.7 6.|-- 216.239.62.237 0.0% 5 3.0 6.2 2.9 18.3 6.7 7.|-- bom05s12-in-f14.1e100.net 0.0% 5 2.1 2.4 2.0 3.8 0.5
2. Ị nwere ike ịmanye mtr ka ọ gosipụta adreesị IP ọnụọgụ karịa aha ndị ọbịa (nke FQDN - aha ngalaba aha zuru oke), na-eji ọkọlọtọ -n dị ka egosiri.
$ mtr -n google.com Start: Thu Jun 28 12:12:58 2018 HOST: TecMint Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev 1.|-- 192.168.0.1 0.0% 5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 2.|-- 5.5.5.211 0.0% 5 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.0 3.|-- ??? 100.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.|-- 72.14.194.226 0.0% 5 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 0.0 5.|-- 108.170.248.161 0.0% 5 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 0.0 6.|-- 216.239.62.237 0.0% 5 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.3 0.0 7.|-- 172.217.160.174 0.0% 5 3.7 3.6 2.0 5.3 1.4
3. Ọ bụrụ na ị ga-achọ ka mtr gosipụta aha nnabata abụọ yana ọnụọgụ IP, jiri ọkọlọtọ -b dị ka egosiri.
$ mtr -b google.com Start: Thu Jun 28 12:14:36 2018 HOST: TecMint Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev 1.|-- 192.168.0.1 0.0% 5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 2.|-- 5.5.5.211 0.0% 5 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.0 3.|-- 209.snat-111-91-120.hns.n 0.0% 5 1.4 1.6 1.3 2.1 0.0 4.|-- 72.14.194.226 0.0% 5 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.6 0.0 5.|-- 108.170.248.209 0.0% 5 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 0.0 6.|-- 216.239.56.115 0.0% 5 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.9 0.0 7.|-- bom07s15-in-f14.1e100.net 0.0% 5 3.7 2.2 1.7 3.7 0.9
4. Iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pings na otu uru ma pụọ mtr mgbe pings ndị ahụ gasịrị, jiri -c ọkọlọtọ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahụ site na Snt kọlụm, ozugbo a kapịrị ọnụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pings, a na-ebi ndụ update akwụsị na mmemme na-apụ.
$ mtr -c5 google.com
5. Ị nwere ike ịtọ ya ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ akụkọ site na iji ọkọlọtọ -r, nhọrọ bara uru maka imepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ gbasara ogo netwọkụ. Ị nwere ike iji nhọrọ a yana nhọrọ -c iji kọwaa ọnụọgụgụ pings. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-ebipụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na mmepụta std, ị nwere ike ibugharị ha na faịlụ maka nyocha ọzọ.
$ mtr -r -c 5 google.com >mtr-report
Ọkọlọtọ -w na-enyere ọnọdụ mkpesa sara mbara maka mpụta nke ọma.
$ mtr -rw -c 5 google.com >mtr-report
6. Ịnwekwara ike ịhazigharị mpaghara mmepụta dị ka ịchọrọ, nke a ga-ekwe omume site na ọkọlọtọ -o dị ka egosiri (lee mtr man page maka pụtara aha aha ubi).
$ mtr -o "LSDR NBAW JMXI" 216.58.223.78
7. Oge ndabara n'etiti arịrịọ ICMP ECHO bụ otu nkeji, ị nwere ike ịkọwapụta oge n'etiti arịrịọ ICMP ECHO site na ịgbanwe uru site na iji ọkọlọtọ -i dị ka egosiri.
$ mtr -i 2 google.com
8. Ị nwere ike iji ngwugwu TCP SYN ma ọ bụ UDP datagram kama ịrịọ arịrịọ ICMP ECHO ndabara dị ka egosiri.
$ mtr --tcp test.com OR $ mtr --udp test.com
9. Iji kọwapụta ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu nke hops (ndabara bụ 30) ka a ga-enyocha n'etiti sistemụ mpaghara na igwe dịpụrụ adịpụ, jiri ọkọlọtọ -m.
$ mtr -m 35 216.58.223.78
10. Mgbe ị na-enyocha ogo netwọkụ, ị nwere ike ịtọ nha ngwugwu ejiri na bytes site na iji ọkọlọtọ -s dị ka ya.
$ mtr -r -s PACKETSIZE -c 5 google.com >mtr-report
Site na ihe atụ ndị a, ị ga-adị mma iji mtr gaa, hụ ibe mmadụ maka nhọrọ ojiji ọzọ.
$ man mtr
Lelee ntuziaka ndị a bara uru gbasara nhazi netwọkụ Linux na nchọpụta nsogbu:
- 13 Iwu nhazi netwọkụ Linux na nchọpụta nsogbu
- Etu esi egbochi arịrịọ ICMP Ping na sistemụ Linux
Nke ahụ bụ maka ugbu a! MTR bụ ngwa dị mfe, dị mfe iji yana karịa ngwaọrụ nyocha netwọkụ cross-platform. N'ime ntuziaka a, anyị akọwala ihe atụ iwu 10 mtr na Linux. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ echiche ịkọrọ anyị, jiri ụdị nkọwa n'okpuru.