LFCA: Otu esi ejikwa ngwugwu ngwanrọ na Linux - Akụkụ 7
Edemede a bụ akụkụ nke asaa nke usoro LFCA, ebe a n'akụkụ a, ị ga-amata onwe gị na iwu nchịkwa sistemụ izugbe iji jikwaa ngwugwu ngwanrọ na sistemụ Linux.
Dịka onye nchịkwa sistemụ, a ga-ekenye gị ọrụ ijikwa ngwugwu ngwanrọ. Nke a gụnyere ịwụnye, ịkwalite, na iwepụ ma ọ bụ iwepụ ngwugwu na sistemụ gị.
Enwere ụdị ngwugwu abụọ na sistemụ Linux:
- Ngwungwu ọnụọgụ abụọ: Ndị a nwere faịlụ nhazi, executables, ibe mmadụ n'etiti akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. Maka Debian, ngwungwu ọnụọgụ abụọ nwere ndọtị faịlụ .deb. Maka Red Hat, ngwungwu ọnụọgụ abụọ nwere ndọtị faịlụ .rpm. A na-ebubata ngwugwu ọnụọgụ abụọ site na iji Debian utility rpm maka ngwugwu ọnụọgụ abụọ .rpm dịka anyị ga-ahụ ma emechaa.
- Ngwugwu isi mmalite: ngwungwu isi mmalite bụ faịlụ agbakwunyere nwere koodu isi mmalite nke ngwa, nkọwa dị nkenke nke ngwugwu, yana ntuziaka maka otu esi arụ ngwa.
Nkesa Linux dị iche iche nwere ndị njikwa ngwugwu ha na ebe a, anyị ga-eleba anya na ezinụlọ Linux 2: Debian na Red Hat.
Njikwa ngwugwu Debian
Debian na-enye APT (Advanced Package Manager) dị ka ngwọta njikwa ngwugwu n'ihu. Ọ bụ akụrụngwa iwu siri ike nke na-arụ ọrụ na ọba akwụkwọ ndị bụ isi ma na-enye gị ohere ibudata, wụnye, melite na wepu ngwugwu na sistemụ gị.
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-abịa na gburugburu Windows, ị na-eji nbudata ngwugwu .exe n'aka onye na-ere sọftụwia wee na-eji Ọkachamara nwụnye na-agba ya na sistemụ gị.
Na Linux, ịwụnye ngwa dị nnọọ iche. A na-ebudata ma tinye ngwungwu ngwanrọ site na ebe nchekwa ịntanetị site na iji njikwa ngwugwu. A kọwapụtara ndepụta nke ebe nchekwa na faịlụ /etc/apt/sources.list yana /etc/sources.list.d directory.
Na nkesa dabere na Debian, a na-eji njikwa ngwugwu APT budata ma wụnye ngwugwu site na ebe nchekwa ịntanetị. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-etinye ngwugwu kamakwa ndabere nke ngwugwu chọrọ
A na-atụ aro mgbe niile ka imelite ebe nchekwa na faịlụ /etc/apt/sources.list tupu ịwụnye ngwugwu ọ bụla. Iji mezuo nke a, mee iwu a:
$ sudo apt update
Iji tinye ngwungwu ngwanrọ, jiri syntax:
$ sudo apt install package_name
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji wụnye sava weebụ Apache, mee iwu a:
$ sudo apt install apache2
Ka ịchọọ ngwungwu dị na ebe nchekwa, jiri syntax:
$ apt search package_name
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ka ịchọọ nnweta ngwugwu a na-akpọ neofetch, mee iwu:
$ apt search neofetch
Ka igosipụta ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara ngwugwu, jiri iwu dabara dị ka ndị a.
$ apt show package_name
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji kpughee ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara ngwungwu neofetch, gbaa ọsọ:
$ apt show neofetch
Iji kwalite ngwungwu arụnyere na sistemụ gị, gbaa iwu:
$ sudo apt upgrade
Iji wepu ngwungwu ngwanrọ, kwuo apache2 mee iwu a:
$ sudo apt remove apache2
Iji wepu ngwugwu n'akụkụ faịlụ nhazi, jiri nhọrọ nchacha dị ka egosiri.
$ sudo apt purge apache2
Onye njikwa ngwugwu Dpkg
Nkesa Linux dabere na Debian na-enyekwa njikwa ngwugwu dpkg. Nke a bụ onye njikwa ngwugwu dị ala nke na-ejikwa ngwugwu ọnụọgụ abụọ na-achọghị ndabere ọ bụla n'oge ntinye. Ọ bụrụ na dpkg achọpụta na faịlụ ngwungwu ọnụọgụ abụọ chọrọ ndabere, ọ na-akọ ndabere na-efu efu ma kwụsị.
Iji tinye ngwugwu site na faịlụ .deb jiri iwu dpkg dị ka ndị a:
$ sudo dpkg -i package.deb
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji wụnye ngwugwu AnyDesk site na faịlụ Debian nke egosiri, mebie:
$ sudo dpkg -i anydesk_6.1.0-1_amd64.deb OR $ sudo dpkg --unpack anydesk_6.1.0-1_amd64.deb
Ka ịlele ma etinyere ngwugwu ahụ, mee iwu:
$ sudo dpkg -l anydesk
Iji wepụ ngwugwu ahụ, jiri nhọrọ -r dị ka egosiri:
$ sudo dpkg -r anydesk
Iji wepu ngwugwu n'akụkụ faịlụ nhazi ya niile, jiri nhọrọ -P maka ihichapụ faịlụ niile metụtara ngwugwu ahụ.
$ sudo dpkg -P anydesk
YUM/DNF na njikwa ngwugwu RPM
Onye njikwa ngwugwu YUM ọgbara ọhụrụ, nke bụ onye njikwa ngwugwu de facto maka ụdị nkesa Linux Red Hat dị ka RedHat na CentOS 7.
Dịka APT, a na-eji ndị njikwa ngwugwu DNF ma ọ bụ YUM wụnye ngwugwu sitere na ebe nchekwa ịntanetị.
Iji tinye ngwugwu, jiri syntax:
$ sudo dnf install package-name OR $ sudo yum install package-name (For older versions)
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji wụnye ngwugwu Apache httpd, mee iwu:
$ sudo dnf install httpd OR $ sudo yum install httpd
Ị nwekwara ike ịchọ nnweta ngwungwu site na ebe nchekwa dị ka ndị a:
$ sudo dnf search mariadb
Ka imelite ngwungwu niile na ụdị ọhụrụ ha mebie:
$ sudo dnf update OR $ sudo yum update
Iji wepu ngwa ngwungwu:
$ sudo dnf remove package_name OR $ sudo yum remove package_name
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji wepu ngwugwu httpd, gbaa ọsọ
$ sudo dnf remove httpd OR $ sudo yum remove httpd
Onye njikwa ngwugwu RPM
Onye njikwa ngwugwu rpm bụ ngwa njikwa ngwugwu mepere emepe ọzọ maka ijikwa ngwugwu ọnụọgụ abụọ rpm na nkesa RedHat Linux. Dịka onye njikwa ngwugwu APT rpm na-ejikwa ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ abụọ.
Iji tinye faịlụ .rpm ngwa, jiri syntax dị n'okpuru:
$ sudo rpm -i package_name
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji wụnye ngwa AnyDesk site na faịlụ .rpm egosiri, mee iwu:
$ sudo rpm -i anydesk-6.1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
Iji nyochaa ma ọ bụ lelee ọnụnọ nke ngwa ngwanrọ na sistemụ gị jiri syntax:
$ sudo rpm -q package_name
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji lelee ma arụnyere Anydesk, mee iwu:
$ sudo rpm -q anydesk
Iji jụọ ngwungwu ngwanrọ niile dị ugbu a, jiri iwu a:
$ sudo rpm -qa
Iji iwu rpm wepụ ngwugwu, jiri syntax:
$ sudo rpm -e package_name
Ọmụmaatụ:
$ sudo rpm -e anydesk
Iwu apt, dpkg, rpm, dnf, na yum bụ ngwaọrụ ahịrị iwu nwere ike inyere gị aka ịwụnye, melite na wepu ngwugwu ngwanrọ na sistemụ Linux gị.