Ihe atụ iwu Linux sdiff maka Linux Newbies
N'ime otu edemede anyị gara aga, anyị akọwala ihe gbasara 9 kacha mma ntụnyere faịlụ na ihe dị iche (Diff) maka sistemụ Linux. Anyị depụtara ngwakọta nke ahịrị iwu yana ngwa GUI maka atụnyere na ịchọta ọdịiche dị n'etiti faịlụ, nke ọ bụla nwere njiri mara ụfọdụ. A na-akpọ uru diff ọzọ bara uru maka Linux sdiff.
sdiff bụ ngwa ahịrị iwu dị mfe maka igosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti faịlụ abụọ na ijikọ ọnụ. Ọ dị mfe iji wee bịa na nhọrọ ojiji kwụ ọtọ dịka akọwara n'okpuru.
Okwu syntax maka iji sdiff bụ nke a.
$ sdiff option... file1 file2
Gosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti faịlụ abụọ na Linux
1. Ụzọ kachasị mfe iji na-agba ọsọ sdiff bụ ịnye aha faịlụ abụọ ị na-agbalị iji tụnyere. Ọ ga-egosi ọdịiche jikọtara ọnụ n'akụkụ dịka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo na-esonụ.
$ cal >cal.txt $ df -h >du.txt $ sdiff du.txt cal.txt
Mekwaa faịlụ niile ka faịlụ ederede
2. Iji na-emeso faịlụ niile dị ka ederede ma tụnyere ha n'ahịrị n'ahịrị, ma ọ bụ faịlụ ederede ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, jiri ọkọlọtọ -a.
$ sdiff -a du.txt cal.txt Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | April 2018 udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev | Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa tmpfs 788M 9.7M 779M 2% /run | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 /dev/sda10 324G 265G 43G 87% / | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 tmpfs 3.9G 274M 3.6G 7% /dev/shm | 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock | 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | 29 30 /dev/loop2 82M 82M 0 100% /snap/core/4206 | /dev/loop4 181M 181M 0 100% /snap/vlc/190 < /dev/loop1 87M 87M 0 100% /snap/core/4407 < /dev/loop0 189M 189M 0 100% /snap/vlc/158 < /dev/loop3 83M 83M 0 100% /snap/core/4327 < cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs < tmpfs 788M 40K 788M 1% /run/user/1000 <
Ileghara Taabụ na Oghere Ọcha
3. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere faịlụ nwere nnukwu oghere ọcha, ị nwere ike ịgwa sdiff ka ọ na-eleghara oghere ọcha niile anya mgbe ị na-atụnyere iji mgba ọkụ -W.
$ sdiff -W du.txt cal.txt
4. Ị nwekwara ike ịgwa sdiff ka ọ na-eleghara oghere ọcha ọ bụla na njedebe ahịrị site na iji -z nhọrọ.
$ sdiff -z du.txt cal.txt
5. Na mgbakwunye, ị nwere ike ịkụziri sdiff ka ọ leghara mgbanwe anya n'ihi mgbasawanye taabụ na ọkọlọtọ -E.
$ sdiff -E du.txt cal.txt
Ileghara ikpe ka ị na-atụnyere ọdịiche
6. Ka ileghara ikpe (ebe sdiff na-ewere nnukwu na obere obere ka otu), jiri nhọrọ -i dị ka egosiri.
$ sdiff -i du.txt cal.txt
Ileghara ahịrị oghere ka ị na-atụnyere ọdịiche
7. Nhọrọ -B na-enyere aka ileghara ahịrị oghere na faịlụ.
$ sdiff -B du.txt cal.txt
Kọwaa ọnụọgụ nke kọlụm ị ga-ewepụta
8. sdiff na-enye gị ohere ịtọ nọmba nke kọlụm ndị a ga-ebipụta (default is 130), site na iji -w ịgbanwee dị ka ndị a.
$ sdiff -w 150 du.txt cal.txt
Gbasaa taabụ na oghere
9. Iji gbasaa taabụ gaa na oghere dị na mmepụta, jiri nhọrọ -t.
$ sdiff -t du.txt cal.txt
Gbaa sdiff Interactively
10. Ọkọlọtọ -o na-enyere ya aka ịmekọrịta mmekọrịta yana zipu mmepụta na faịlụ. Na iwu a, a ga-eziga mmepụta na faịlụ sdiff.txt, pịa Tinye mgbe ị hụchara akara % , iji nweta menu mmekọrịta.
$ sdiff du.txt cal.txt -o sdiff.txt
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | April 2018
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev | Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
tmpfs 788M 9.7M 779M 2% /run | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
/dev/sda10 324G 265G 43G 87% / | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
tmpfs 3.9G 274M 3.6G 7% /dev/shm | 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock | 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | 29 30
/dev/loop2 82M 82M 0 100% /snap/core/4206 |
/dev/loop4 181M 181M 0 100% /snap/vlc/190 <
/dev/loop1 87M 87M 0 100% /snap/core/4407 <
/dev/loop0 189M 189M 0 100% /snap/vlc/158 <
/dev/loop3 83M 83M 0 100% /snap/core/4327 <
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs <
tmpfs 788M 40K 788M 1% /run/user/1000 <
%
ed: Edit then use both versions, each decorated with a header.
eb: Edit then use both versions.
el or e1: Edit then use the left version.
er or e2: Edit then use the right version.
e: Discard both versions then edit a new one.
l or 1: Use the left version.
r or 2: Use the right version.
s: Silently include common lines.
v: Verbosely include common lines.
q: Quit.
%
Rịba ama na ị ga-enwerịrị ụfọdụ ndị ndezi dịka ed etinyere na sistemụ gị tupu i jiri ha, na nke a.
Kpọọ mmemme ọzọ iji tụnyere faịlụ
11. Mgbanwe --diff-program na-enye gị ohere ịkpọ ngwá ọrụ iwu-ahịrị ọzọ, karịa sdiff n'onwe ya iji tụnyere faịlụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịnwere ike ịkpọ mmemme diff dị ka egosiri.
$ sdiff --diff-program=diff du.txt cal.txt
Maka ozi ndị ọzọ, gaa na ibe sdiff man.
$ man sdiff
N'ime edemede a, anyị lere anya n'ihe atụ ngwaọrụ akara iwu sdiff maka ndị mbido. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla, jiri ụdị nkọwa n'okpuru iru anyị.