Ihe Nlereanya Iwu 5 maka Linux Newbies
iwu stat bụ ihe bara uru maka ịlele faịlụ ma ọ bụ ọkwa sistemụ faịlụ. Ọ na-eweghachite ozi dịka ụdị faịlụ; nweta ikike na octal na mmadụ-agụ; mgbanwe data ikpeazụ, mgbanwe ọnọdụ ikpeazụ na ma mmadụ-agụ na na sekọnd kemgbe Epoch, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.
Ọ nwere nhọrọ ịkọwapụta usoro omenala kama nke ndabara, maka igosipụta ozi. N'ime ntuziaka a, anyị ga-eleba anya n'ihe atụ iwu iwu ise maka Linux newbies.
Lelee ọnọdụ faịlụ Linux
1. Ụzọ kachasị mfe iji stat bụ ịnye ya faịlụ dị ka arụmụka. Iwu na-esonụ ga-egosipụta nha, ngọngọ, IO blocks, ụdị faịlụ, uru inode, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke njikọ na ọtụtụ ozi gbasara faịlụ/var/log/syslog, dị ka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo:
$ stat /var/log/syslog File: '/var/log/syslog' Size: 26572 Blocks: 56 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 80ah/2058d Inode: 8129076 Links: 1 Access: (0640/-rw-r-----) Uid: ( 104/ syslog) Gid: ( 4/ adm) Access: 2018-04-06 09:42:10.987615337 +0530 Modify: 2018-04-06 11:09:29.756650149 +0530 Change: 2018-04-06 11:09:29.756650149 +0530 Birth: -
Lelee Ọnọdụ Sistemu Faịlụ
2. N'ihe atụ gara aga, iwu stat na-emeso faịlụ ntinye dị ka faịlụ nkịtị, Otú ọ dị, iji gosipụta ọkwa faịlụ kama ịnọ na ọkwa faịlụ, jiri -fnhọrọ.
$ stat -f /var/log/syslog
File: "/var/log/syslog"
ID: ce97e63d2201c974 Namelen: 255 Type: ext2/ext3
Block size: 4096 Fundamental block size: 4096
Blocks: Total: 84769790 Free: 16012830 Available: 11700997
Inodes: Total: 21544960 Free: 20995459
Ị nwekwara ike ịnye ndekọ/sistemụ faịlụ dịka arụmụka dịka egosiri.
$ stat -f /
File: "/"
ID: ce97e63d2201c974 Namelen: 255 Type: ext2/ext3
Block size: 4096 Fundamental block size: 4096
Blocks: Total: 84769790 Free: 16056471 Available: 11744638
Inodes: Total: 21544960 Free: 21005263
Kwado iso njikọ akara ngosi
3. Ebe Linux na-akwado njikọ (ihe atụ na njikọ siri ike), ụfọdụ faịlụ nwere ike ịnwe otu njikọ ma ọ bụ karịa, ma ọ bụ na ha nwere ike ịdị na sistemụ faịlụ.
Iji mee ka stat soro njikọ, jiri ọkọlọtọ -L dị ka egosiri.
$ stat -L / File: '/' Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory Device: 80ah/2058d Inode: 2 Links: 25 Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2018-04-09 10:55:55.119150525 +0530 Modify: 2018-02-20 11:15:54.462893167 +0530 Change: 2018-02-20 11:15:54.462893167 +0530 Birth: -
Jiri usoro omenala iji gosi ozi
4. stat na-enye gị ohere iji otu ụdị ma ọ bụ omenala kama nke ndabara. A na-eji ọkọlọtọ -c akọwapụta usoro eji eme ihe, ọ na-ebipụta ahịrị ọhụrụ ka ejiri usoro usoro ọ bụla.
N'aka nke ọzọ, ị nwere ike iji --printf nhọrọ nke na-enyere nkọwa nke backslash gbanarị usoro wee gbanyụọ mbipụta nke ọhụrụ ahịrị. Ịkwesịrị iji n'ụdị iji bipụta ahịrị ọhụrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ.
# stat --printf='%U\n%G\n%C\n%z\n' /var/log/secure
Pụtara usoro usoro maka faịlụ ejiri mee ihe atụ n'elu:
- %U – aha njirimara onye nwe
- %G - aha onye nwe otu
- %C - eriri gburugburu nchekwa SELinux
- %z - oge mgbanwe ọnọdụ ikpeazụ, nke mmadụ nwere ike ịgụ
5. Nke a bụ ọmụmaatụ nke na-egosi iji usoro usoro anabatara maka sistemụ faịlụ.
$ stat --printf='%n\n%a\n%b\n' /
Pụtara nke usoro usoro eji na iwu dị n'elu.
- %n – na-egosi aha faịlụ
- %a - bipụta ngọngọ efu dị maka ndị na-abụghị ndị superuser
- %b - na-ewepụta mkpokọta data n'ime sistemụ faịlụ
Bipụta ozi n'ụdị Terse
6. Enwere ike iji nhọrọ -t bipụta ozi n'ụdị terse.
$ stat -t /var/log/syslog /var/log/syslog 12760 32 81a0 104 4 80a 8129076 1 0 0 1523251873 1523256421 1523256421 0 4096
Dịka nkọwa ikpeazụ, shei gị nwere ike ịnwe ụdị stat nke ya, biko rụtụ aka na akwụkwọ shei gị maka nkọwa gbasara nhọrọ ọ na-akwado. Ka ịhụ usoro usoro mmepụta niile anabatara, rụtụ aka na ibe stat man.
$ man stat
N'edemede a, anyị akọwaala ihe atụ iwu iwu ise maka Linux newbies. Jiri mpempe nzaghachi n'okpuru jụọ ajụjụ ọ bụla.