Ụzọ 11 iji chọta ozi Akaụntụ onye ọrụ na nkọwa nbanye na Linux
Edemede a ga-egosi gị ụzọ iri na otu bara uru iji chọta ozi gbasara ndị ọrụ na sistemụ Linux. N'ebe a, anyị ga-akọwa iwu iji nweta nkọwa akaụntụ onye ọrụ, gosi nkọwa nbanye yana ihe ndị ọrụ na-eme na sistemụ.
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịgbakwunye ndị ọrụ na Linux, jiri usermod site na ahịrị iwu dịka akọwara na ntuziaka ndị a:
- 15 Ọmụmaatụ bara uru na iwu 'useradd'
- 15 Ọmụmaatụ bara uru na iwu 'usermod'
Anyị ga-amalite site na ilele iwu iji chọta ozi akaụntụ onye ọrụ, wee gaba n'ihu ịkọwa iwu ka ịlele nkọwa nbanye.
1. id Iwu
id bụ ngwa ahịrị iwu dị mfe maka igosipụta ezigbo onye ọrụ yana ID otu dị ka ndị a.
$ id tecmint uid=1000(tecmint) gid=1000(tecmint) groups=1000(tecmint),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),113(lpadmin),130(sambashare)
2. otu iwu
A na-eji iwu otu dị iche iche gosi otu niile onye ọrụ nwere dị ka nke a.
$ groups tecmint tecmint : tecmint adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare
3. mkpịsị aka Iwu
A na-eji iwu mkpịsị aka chọọ ozi gbasara onye ọrụ na Linux. A naghị wụnye ya na ọtụtụ sistemụ Linux.
Iji wụnye ya na sistemụ gị, gbanye iwu a na ọnụ.
$ sudo apt install finger #Debian/Ubuntu $ sudo yum install finger #RHEL/CentOS $ sudo dnf install finger #Fedora 22+
Ọ na-egosi ezigbo aha onye ọrụ; ndekọ ụlọ; shei; nbanye: aha, oge; na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka n'okpuru.
$ finger tecmint Login: tecmint Name: TecMint Directory: /home/tecmint Shell: /bin/bash On since Fri Sep 22 10:39 (IST) on tty8 from :0 2 hours 1 minute idle No mail. No Plan.
4. getent Iwu
getent bụ akụrụngwa ahịrị iwu maka ịweta ndenye sitere na ọba akwụkwọ mgbanwe Aha Ọrụ (NSS) site na nchekwa data sistemụ akọwapụtara.
Iji nweta nkọwa akaụntụ onye ọrụ, jiri passwd nchekwa data na aha njirimara dị ka ndị a.
$ getent passwd tecmint tecmint:x:1000:1000:TecMint,,,:/home/tecmint:/bin/bash
5. grep Iwu
iwu grep bụ ngwá ọrụ nyocha usoro siri ike dị na ọtụtụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị sistemụ Linus niile. Ị nwere ike iji ya chọta ozi gbasara otu onye ọrụ site na faịlụ akaụntụ sistemụ: /etc/passwd dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
$ grep -i tecmint /etc/passwd tecmint:x:1000:1000:TecMint,,,:/home/tecmint:/bin/bash
6. lslogins Iwu
Iwu lslogins na-egosi ozi gbasara ndị ọrụ amaara na sistemụ ahụ, ọkọlọtọ -u na-egosiputa naanị akaụntụ onye ọrụ.
$ lslogins -u UID USER PROC PWD-LOCK PWD-DENY LAST-LOGIN GECOS 0 root 144 root 1000 tecmint 70 10:39:07 TecMint,,, 1001 aaronkilik 0 1002 john 0 John Doo
7. Ndị ọrụ Iwu
iwu ndị ọrụ na-egosi aha njirimara nke ndị ọrụ niile abanyela na sistemụ dị ka otu a.
$ users tecmint aaron
8. onye Iwu
onye nyere iwu iji gosipụta ndị ọrụ abanyela na sistemụ, gụnyere ọdụ ndị ha na-ejikọ.
$ who -u tecmint tty8 2017-09-22 10:39 02:09 2067 (:0)
9. w Iwu
w iwu na-egosi ndị ọrụ niile abanyela na sistemụ yana ihe ha na-eme.
$ w 12:46:54 up 2:10, 1 user, load average: 0.34, 0.44, 0.57 USER TTY FROM [email IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT tecmint tty8 :0 10:39 2:10m 4:43 0.46s cinnamon-sessio
10. ikpeazụ ma ọ bụ lastb iwu
iwu ikpeazụ/lastb na-egosiputa ndepụta nke ndị ọrụ abanyela na sistemụ.
$ last OR $ last -a #show hostname on the last column
tecmint tty8 Fri Sep 22 10:39 gone - no logout :0 reboot system boot Fri Sep 22 10:36 still running 4.4.0-21-generic tecmint tty8 Thu Sep 21 10:44 - down (06:56) :0 reboot system boot Thu Sep 21 10:42 - 17:40 (06:58) 4.4.0-21-generic tecmint tty8 Wed Sep 20 10:19 - down (06:50) :0 reboot system boot Wed Sep 20 10:17 - 17:10 (06:52) 4.4.0-21-generic tecmint pts/14 Tue Sep 19 15:15 - 15:16 (00:00) tmux(14160).%146 tecmint pts/13 Tue Sep 19 15:15 - 15:16 (00:00) tmux(14160).%145 ...
Iji gosi ndị ọrụ niile nọ na oge a kapịrị ọnụ, jiri nhọrọ -p dị ka ndị a.
$ last -ap now tecmint tty8 Fri Sep 22 10:39 gone - no logout :0 reboot system boot Fri Sep 22 10:36 still running 4.4.0-21-generic wtmp begins Fri Sep 1 16:23:02 2017
11. lastlog Iwu
A na-eji iwu lastlog chọta nkọwa nke nbanye ndị ọrụ niile ma ọ bụ nke onye ọrụ nyere nso nso a.
$ lastlog OR $ lastlog -u tecmint #show lastlog records for specific user tecmint
Username Port From Latest root **Never logged in** kernoops **Never logged in** pulse **Never logged in** rtkit **Never logged in** saned **Never logged in** usbmux **Never logged in** mdm **Never logged in** tecmint pts/1 127.0.0.1 Fri Jan 6 16:50:22 +0530 2017 ..
Ọ bụ ya! Ọ bụrụ na ị maara aghụghọ-akara aghụghọ ọ bụla ọzọ ma ọ bụ iwu iji lelee nkọwa akaụntụ onye ọrụ soro anyị kerịta.
Ị ga-ahụ na akụkọ ndị a metụtara ya bara uru:
- Otu esi ejikwa ndị ọrụ na otu dị na Linux
- Otu esi ehichapụ akaụntụ onye ọrụ na akwụkwọ ndekọ ụlọ na Linux
- Ụzọ 3 iji gbanwee Shell onye ọrụ na Linux
- Otu esi egbochi ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ nbanye onye ọrụ na Linux
N'isiokwu a, anyị akọwala ụzọ dị iche iche iji chọta ozi gbasara ndị ọrụ na nkọwa nbanye na sistemụ Linux. Ị nwere ike ịjụ ajụjụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ kesaa echiche gị site na mpempe nzaghachi n'okpuru.