Otu esi edobe usoro Linux ụzọ site n'iji iwu mara mma ma dị mma

N'ime edemede a, anyị ga-akọwa nkenke nke onye nhazi kernel (nke a makwaara dị ka onye nhazi usoro), na nhazi ụzọ, nke bụ isiokwu karịrị oke ntuziaka a. Mgbe ahụ, anyị ga-abanye n'ime ntakịrị njikwa usoro Linux: hụ ka esi agba ọsọ mmemme ma ọ bụ iwu site na mkpa gbanwetụrụ ma gbanwee mkpa nke ịme usoro Linux.

Gụọkwa: Otu esi enyocha usoro Linux wee tọọ oke usoro na ndabere onye ọrụ

Onye nhazi kernel bụ nkeji nke kernel nke na-ekpebi usoro kacha dabara adaba na usoro niile enwere ike ime na-esote; ọ allocates processor oge n'etiti runnable Filiks na a usoro. Usoro a na-agba ọsọ bụ nke na-echere naanị oge CPU, ọ dị njikere igbu ya.

Onye nhazi oge na-etolite isi nke multitasking na Linux, na-eji usoro nhazi oge dabere na mkpa ịhọrọ n'etiti usoro ịgba ọsọ na sistemụ. Ọ na-akwado usoro dabere na nke kwesịrị ekwesị yana mkpa oge CPU.

Mkpụrụ ndụ kernel na-echekwa ozi dị ukwuu gbasara usoro gụnyere mkpa usoro nke bụ naanị usoro nhazi oge etinyere na usoro. A ga-eme usoro ndị nwere mkpa dị elu n'ihu ndị nwere obere mkpa, ebe a na-ahazi usoro ndị nwere otu mkpa otu mgbe ọzọ, ugboro ugboro.

Enwere ngụkọta ihe dị mkpa 140 yana ọkwa abụọ dị mkpa etinyere na Linux. Nke mbụ bụ uru mara mma (ịma mma) nke sitere na -20(uru kacha mkpa) ruo 19(uru kachasị mkpa) yana ndabara bụ 0, nke a bụ ihe anyị ga-ekpughe na ntuziaka a. Nke ọzọ bụ ezigbo oge mkpa, nke sitere na 1 ruo 99 site na ndabara, mgbe ahụ 100 ruo 139 bụ maka ohere onye ọrụ.

Otu njirimara dị mkpa nke Linux bụ nhazi oge dabere na mkpa dị ike, nke na-enye ohere ịgbanwe uru nke usoro dị mma (ịbawanye ma ọ bụ ibelata) dabere na mkpa gị, dịka anyị ga-ahụ ma emechaa.

Otu esi elele ezigbo uru nke usoro Linux

Iji hụ ụkpụrụ mara mma nke usoro, anyị nwere ike iji ngwa ọrụ dị ka htop.

Ka ilele usoro ọmarịcha uru yana iwu ps n'ụdị akọwapụtara onye ọrụ (ebe a NI kọlụm na-egosi ịdị mma nke usoro).

$ ps -eo pid,ppid,ni,comm

N'aka nke ọzọ, ị nwere ike iji n'elu ma ọ bụ htop utilities na-elele usoro Linux dị mma dị ka egosiri.

$ top
$ htop

Site n'elu na nkwuputa htop dị n'elu, ị ga-achọpụta na enwere kọlụm a na-akpọ PR na PRI na-anabata nke na-egosi mkpa usoro.

Ya mere, nke a pụtara na:

  • NI - bụ uru mara mma, nke bụ echiche oghere onye ọrụ, mgbe
  • PR ma ọ bụ PRI - bụ usoro dị mkpa n'ezie, dịka kernel Linux hụrụ.

Total number of priorities = 140
Real time priority range(PR or PRI):  0 to 99 
User space priority range: 100 to 139

Ọnụ ahịa dị mma (NI): -20 ruo 19

PR = 20 + NI
PR = 20 + (-20 to + 19)
PR = 20 + -20  to 20 + 19
PR = 0 to 39 which is same as 100 to 139.

Mana ọ bụrụ na ịhụ rt karịa ọnụọgụ dị ka egosipụtara na nseta ihuenyo dị n'okpuru, ọ pụtara na usoro a na-aga n'ihu n'usoro nhazi oge.

Otu esi agba ọsọ iwu site na iji ezigbo uru enyere na Linux

N'ebe a, anyị ga-eleba anya ka esi edobe ojiji CPU nke mmemme ma ọ bụ iwu. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmemme ma ọ bụ ọrụ siri ike CPU, mana ị ghọtakwara na ọ nwere ike iwe ogologo oge iji wuchaa, ịnwere ike ịtọ ya ihe kacha mkpa ma ọ bụ dị mma site na iji iwu mara mma.

Okwu ahụ bụ nke a:

$ nice -n niceness-value [command args] 
OR
$ nice -niceness-value [command args] 	#it’s confusing for negative values
OR
$ nice --adjustment=niceness-value [command args]

Ihe dị mkpa:

  • Ọ bụrụ na enweghị uru ọ bụla enyere, ọmarịcha na-ebute ụzọ nke 10 site na ndabara.
  • Iwu ma ọ bụ mmemme na-agba ọsọ na-enweghị ezigbo ndabara na ihe kacha mkpa nke efu.
  • Naanị mgbọrọgwụ nwere ike ịme iwu ma ọ bụ mmemme nwere nnukwu mkpa ma ọ bụ dị elu.
  • Ndị ọrụ nkịtị nwere ike ịme naanị iwu ma ọ bụ mmemme nwere obere mkpa.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, kama ịmalite mmemme ma ọ bụ iwu site na mkpa ndabara, ị nwere ike ịmalite ya na mkpa dị mkpa site na iji iwu mara mma.

$ sudo nice -n 5 tar -czf backup.tar.gz ./Documents/*
OR
$ sudo nice --adjustment=5 tar -czf backup.tar.gz ./Documents/*

Ị nwekwara ike iji usoro nke atọ nke bụ ntakịrị mgbagwoju anya karịsịa maka ụkpụrụ ịdị mma na-adịghị mma.

$ sudo nice -5 tar -czf backup.tar.gz  ./Documents/*

Gbanwee usoro nhazi oge nke usoro na Linux

Dị ka anyị kwuru na mbụ, Linux na-enye ohere nhazi usoro dabere na mkpa dị ike. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na mmemme na-agba ọsọ, ị nwere ike ịgbanwe mkpa ya site na iwu reni n'ụdị a:

$ renice -n  -12  -p 1055
$ renice -n -2  -u apache

Site na nlele elu nke dị n'okpuru, ịdị mma nke teamspe+ nwere PID 1055 bụ ugbu a -12 na usoro niile nke onye ọrụ apache nwere bụ -2.

N'iji mmepụta a, ị nwere ike ịhụ usoro PR = 20 + NI,

PR for ts3server = 20 + -12 = 8
PR for apache processes = 20 + -2 = 18

Mgbanwe ọ bụla ị jiri iwu renice mee na usoro onye ọrụ ụkpụrụ mara mma na-adabara naanị ruo mgbe ịmalitegharị ọzọ. Ka ịtọọ ụkpụrụ ndabara na-adịgide adịgide, gụọ ngalaba na-esote.

Otu esi edobe uru mara mma nke usoro onye ọrụ akọwapụtara

Ị nwere ike ịtọ uru dị mma nke otu onye ọrụ ma ọ bụ otu na faịlụ /etc/security/limits.conf. Ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ ịkọwapụta oke akụrụngwa maka ndị ọrụ abanye na PAM.

Okwu syntax maka ịkọwa oke maka onye ọrụ bụ nke a (na ụkpụrụ enwere ike nke kọlụm dị iche iche ka akọwara na faịlụ ahụ):

#<domain>   <type>  <item>  <value>

Ugbu a jiri syntax dị n'okpuru ebe ike - pụtara ịkwado njikọ siri ike na ụzọ dị nro - na-eme ka njedebe dị nro.

<username>  <hard|soft>  priority  <nice value>

N'aka nke ọzọ, mepụta faịlụ n'okpuru /etc/security/limit.d/ nke na-ewepụ ntọala na faịlụ bụ isi n'elu, a na-agụkwa faịlụ ndị a n'usoro mkpụrụedemede.

Malite site na ịmepụta faịlụ /etc/security/limits.d/tecmint-priority.conf maka onye ọrụ tecmint:

# vi /etc/security/limits.d/tecmint-priority.conf

Mgbe ahụ tinye nhazi a na ya:

tecmint  hard  priority  10

Chekwaa ma mechie faịlụ ahụ. Site ugbu a gaa n'ihu, usoro ọ bụla nke tecmt nwere ga-enwe uru mara mma nke 10 na PR nke 30.

Maka ozi ndị ọzọ, gụọ akwụkwọ nwoke nke nice and renice:

$ man nice
$ man renice

Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị ịgụ akụkọ ndị a gbasara njikwa usoro Linux.

  1. Otu esi achọta ma gbuo usoro ịgba ọsọ na Linux
  2. Ntuziaka igbu, Pkill na igbu egbu iji kwụsị usoro na Linux
  3. Otu esi eleba anya na ojiji sistemụ, ọpụpụ na nsogbu sava Linux
  4. CPUTool – Oke na jikwaa ojiji CPU nke usoro ọ bụla na Linux

N'edemede a, anyị kọwara nkenke nkenke onye nhazi kernel, usoro ihe kacha mkpa, leba anya ka esi eme mmemme ma ọ bụ iwu nke nwere mkpa gbanwere ma gbanwee mkpa nke usoro Linux na-arụ ọrụ. Ị nwere ike ịkekọrịta echiche ọ bụla gbasara isiokwu a site na mpempe nzaghachi n'okpuru.