Otu esi ebu ma budata modul kernel na Linux


Modul kernel bụ mmemme nwere ike ibunye ma ọ bụ budata ya na kernel mgbe achọrọ ya, na-edobeghi ya (kernel) ma ọ bụ malitegharịa sistemụ ahụ, ma ezubere iji kwalite ọrụ kernel.

N'okwu ngwanrọ n'ozuzu, modul dị ka plugins na ngwanrọ dịka WordPress. Ngwa mgbakwunye na-enye ụzọ ịgbatị arụmọrụ ngwanrọ, na-enweghị ha, ndị nrụpụta ga-arụ otu nnukwu sọftụwia nwere ọrụ niile etinyere na ngwugwu. Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ọrụ ọhụrụ, a ga-agbakwunye ha na ụdị ngwanrọ ọhụrụ.

N'otu aka ahụ na-enweghị modul, a ga-arụrịrị kernel na arụ ọrụ niile etinyere ozugbo na onyonyo kernel. Nke a ga-apụta inwe mkpụrụ ndụ buru ibu, ndị na-ahụ maka sistemụ ga-achọkwa ịchịkọta kernel ahụ oge ọ bụla achọrọ ọrụ ọhụrụ.

Ihe atụ dị mfe nke modul bụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala - nke na-enyere kernel aka ịnweta akụrụngwa/ngwaọrụ ejikọrọ na sistemụ.

Depụta Modul kernel niile na Linux

Na Linux, modul niile na-eji ndọtị .ko ejedebe, a na-ebukarịkwa ha na-akpaghị aka ka achọpụtara ngwaike na sistemụ buut. Agbanyeghị, onye na-ahụ maka sistemụ nwere ike ijikwa ụfọdụ iwu.

Iji depụta modul niile ejirila ugbu a na Linux, anyị nwere ike iji iwu lsmod (ndepụta modul) nke na-agụ ọdịnaya nke /proc/modul dị ka nke a.

# lsmod
Module                  Size  Used by
rfcomm                 69632  2
pci_stub               16384  1
vboxpci                24576  0
vboxnetadp             28672  0
vboxnetflt             28672  0
vboxdrv               454656  3 vboxnetadp,vboxnetflt,vboxpci
bnep                   20480  2
rtsx_usb_ms            20480  0
memstick               20480  1 rtsx_usb_ms
btusb                  45056  0
uvcvideo               90112  0
btrtl                  16384  1 btusb
btbcm                  16384  1 btusb
videobuf2_vmalloc      16384  1 uvcvideo
btintel                16384  1 btusb
videobuf2_memops       16384  1 videobuf2_vmalloc
bluetooth             520192  29 bnep,btbcm,btrtl,btusb,rfcomm,btintel
videobuf2_v4l2         28672  1 uvcvideo
videobuf2_core         36864  2 uvcvideo,videobuf2_v4l2
v4l2_common            16384  1 videobuf2_v4l2
videodev              176128  4 uvcvideo,v4l2_common,videobuf2_core,videobuf2_v4l2
intel_rapl             20480  0
x86_pkg_temp_thermal    16384  0
media                  24576  2 uvcvideo,videodev
....

Otu esi ebugharị na bupu (wepu) modul kernel na Linux

Iji buo modul kernel, anyị nwere ike iji iwu insmod (fanye modul). N'ebe a, anyị ga-akọwapụta ụzọ zuru ezu nke modul. Iwu dị n'okpuru ga-etinye modul speedstep-lib.ko.

# insmod /lib/modules/4.4.0-21-generic/kernel/drivers/cpufreq/speedstep-lib.ko 

Iji budata modul kernel, anyị na-eji iwu rmmod (wepu modul). Ihe atụ na-esonụ ga-ebutu ma ọ bụ wepụ modul speedstep-lib.ko.

# rmmod /lib/modules/4.4.0-21-generic/kernel/drivers/cpufreq/speedstep-lib.ko 

Otu esi ejikwa modul kernel Iji modprobe Command

modprobe bụ iwu nwere ọgụgụ isi maka ịdepụta, ntinye yana iwepu modul na kernel. Ọ na-achọ na modul ndekọ /lib/modul/&& # 36 (name -r) maka modul na faịlụ ndị metụtara ya, ma na-ewepu ọzọ nhazi faịlụ na /etc/modprobe.d directory.

N'ebe a, ị chọghị ụzọ zuru oke nke modul; nke a bụ uru nke iji modprobe karịa iwu ndị gara aga.

Iji tinye modul, naanị nye aha ya ka ndị a.

# modprobe speedstep-lib

Iji wepu modul, jiri ọkọlọtọ -r dị ka nke a.

# modprobe -r speedstep-lib

Cheta na: N'okpuru modprobe, a na-eme mgbanwe mgbanwe akpaaka, yabụ enweghị ọdịiche dị n'etiti _ na mgbe ị na-abanye aha modul.

Maka ozi ojiji na nhọrọ ndị ọzọ, gụọ site na ibe modprobe man.

# man modprobe

Echefula ịlele:

  1. Otu esi agbanwe kernel Runtime Parameters n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide na nke anaghị adịgide adịgide
  2. Otu esi etinye ma ọ bụ kwalite gaa na ụdị kernel kacha ọhụrụ na CentOS 7
  3. Etu esi ebulite kernel ka ọ bụrụ ụdị kacha ọhụrụ na Ubuntu

Nke ahụ bụ ihe niile ugbu a! Ị nwere echiche ọ bụla bara uru, nke ịchọrọ ka anyị tinye na ntuziaka ma ọ bụ ajụjụ a, jiri ụdị nzaghachi dị n'okpuru dobere anyị ha.