Ghọta ọrịre ibu Linux yana nyochaa arụmọrụ Linux


N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-akọwa otu n'ime ọrụ nchịkwa sistemụ Linux dị oke mkpa - nlekota oru n'ihe gbasara ibu sistemu/CPU na oke ibu.

Tupu anyị aga n'ihu, ka anyị ghọta nkebi ahịrịokwu abụọ dị mkpa na sistemụ Unix niile:

    Ibu Sistemụ/Ibu Ibu CPU - bụ nha nke CPU n'ofe ma ọ bụ na-ejighị ya na sistemụ Linux; Ọnụọgụ usoro nke CPU na-eme ma ọ bụ na steeti echere.
  • Nkezi ibu – bụ nkezi ibu sistemu a gbakọrọ n’ime oge enyere nke 1, 5 na nkeji iri na ise.

Na Linux, a na-ekwenye na nkezi ibu a bụ usoro na-agba ọsọ n'ime ahịrị mkpochapụ (kernel) nke akpọrọ dị ka ịgba ọsọ ma ọ bụ enweghị nkwụsị.

Rụba nke ahụ ama:

  • Ihe niile ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ọtụtụ sistemu Linux ma ọ bụ sistemu Unix ndị ọzọ na-akwado ga-enwe ike igosi uru nkezi ibu ebe maka onye ọrụ.
  • Sistemụ Linux na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nwere ike ịnwe nkezi ibu nke efu, ewezuga usoro arụghị ọrụ.
  • Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ sistemụ Unix niile na-agụ naanị usoro na steeti ịgba ọsọ ma ọ bụ echere. Ma nke a abụghị ikpe na Linux, ọ gụnyere usoro na steeti ụra na-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị; ndị na-echere akụrụngwa sistemu ndị ọzọ dị ka diski I/O wdg.

Otu esi enyocha nkezi ibu sistemu Linux

Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ iji nyochaa nkezi ibu sistemu gụnyere oge oge nke na-egosi ogologo oge sistemụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ, ọnụọgụ ndị ọrụ yana oke ibu:

$ uptime

07:13:53 up 8 days, 19 min,  1 user,  load average: 1.98, 2.15, 2.21

A na-agụ ọnụọgụgụ ndị ahụ site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri, na mmepụta n'elu pụtara na:

  • nkezi ibu n'ime nkeji 1 gara aga bụ 1.98
  • nkezi ibu n'ime nkeji ise gara aga bụ 2.15
  • nkezi ibu n'ime nkeji iri na ise gara aga bụ 2.21

Oke ibu dị elu na-egosi na a na-ebufe sistemu; ọtụtụ usoro na-echere oge CPU.

Anyị ga-ekpughe nke a na ngalaba na-esote gbasara ọnụọgụ cores CPU. Na mgbakwunye, anyị nwekwara ike iji ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ ama ama dị ka nlele nke na-egosipụta ọnọdụ sistemụ Linux na-agba ọsọ, yana ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ:

$ top
top - 12:51:42 up  2:11,  1 user,  load average: 1.22, 1.12, 1.26
Tasks: 243 total,   1 running, 242 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 17.4 us,  2.9 sy,  0.3 ni, 74.8 id,  4.6 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :  8069036 total,   388060 free,  4381184 used,  3299792 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  3906556 total,  3901876 free,     4680 used.  2807464 avail Mem 

  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                                                                                        
 6265 tecmint   20   0 1244348 170680  83616 S  13.3  2.1   6:47.72 Headset                                                                                                                                        
 2301 tecmint    9 -11  640332  13344   9932 S   6.7  0.2   2:18.96 pulseaudio                                                                                                                                     
 2459 tecmint   20   0 1707692 315628  62992 S   6.7  3.9   6:55.45 cinnamon                                                                                                                                       
 2957 tecmint   20   0 2644644 1.035g 137968 S   6.7 13.5  50:11.13 firefox                                                                                                                                        
 3208 tecmint   20   0  507060  52136  33152 S   6.7  0.6   0:04.34 gnome-terminal-                                                                                                                                
 3272 tecmint   20   0 1521380 391324 178348 S   6.7  4.8   6:21.01 chrome                                                                                                                                         
 6220 tecmint   20   0 1595392 106964  76836 S   6.7  1.3   3:31.94 Headset                                                                                                                                        
    1 root      20   0  120056   6204   3964 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.83 systemd                                                                                                                                        
    2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kthreadd                                                                                                                                       
    3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.10 ksoftirqd/0                                                                                                                                    
    5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H   
....
$ glances
TecMint (LinuxMint 18 64bit / Linux 4.4.0-21-generic)                                                                                                                                               Uptime: 2:16:06

CPU      16.4%  nice:     0.1%                                        LOAD    4-core                                        MEM     60.5%  active:    4.90G                                        SWAP      0.1%
user:    10.2%  irq:      0.0%                                        1 min:    1.20                                        total:  7.70G  inactive:  2.07G                                        total:   3.73G
system:   3.4%  iowait:   2.7%                                        5 min:    1.16                                        used:   4.66G  buffers:    242M                                        used:    4.57M
idle:    83.6%  steal:    0.0%                                        15 min:   1.24                                        free:   3.04G  cached:    2.58G                                        free:    3.72G

NETWORK     Rx/s   Tx/s   TASKS 253 (883 thr), 1 run, 252 slp, 0 oth sorted automatically by cpu_percent, flat view
enp1s0     525Kb   31Kb
lo           2Kb    2Kb     CPU%  MEM%  VIRT   RES   PID USER        NI S    TIME+ IOR/s IOW/s Command 
wlp2s0        0b     0b     14.6  13.3 2.53G 1.03G  2957 tecmint      0 S 51:49.10     0   40K /usr/lib/firefox/firefox 
                             7.4   2.2 1.16G  176M  6265 tecmint      0 S  7:08.18     0     0 /usr/lib/Headset/Headset --type=renderer --no-sandbox --primordial-pipe-token=879B36514C6BEDB183D3E4142774D1DF --lan
DISK I/O     R/s    W/s      4.9   3.9 1.63G  310M  2459 tecmint      0 R  7:12.18     0     0 cinnamon --replace
ram0           0      0      4.2   0.2  625M 13.0M  2301 tecmint    -11 S  2:29.72     0     0 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
ram1           0      0      4.2   1.3 1.52G  105M  6220 tecmint      0 S  3:42.64     0     0 /usr/lib/Headset/Headset 
ram10          0      0      2.9   0.8  409M 66.7M  6240 tecmint      0 S  2:40.44     0     0 /usr/lib/Headset/Headset --type=gpu-process --no-sandbox --supports-dual-gpus=false --gpu-driver-bug-workarounds=7,2
ram11          0      0      2.9   1.8  531M  142M  1690 root         0 S  6:03.79     0     0 /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg :0 -audit 0 -auth /var/lib/mdm/:0.Xauth -nolisten tcp vt8
ram12          0      0      2.6   0.3 79.3M 23.8M  9651 tecmint      0 R  0:00.71     0     0 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/glances
ram13          0      0      1.6   4.8 1.45G  382M  3272 tecmint      0 S  6:25.30     0    4K /opt/google/chrome/chrome 
...

A na-agụ nkezi ibu ọrụ ndị a gosipụtara /proc/loadavg faịlụ, nke ị nwere ike ịlele site na iji iwu pusi dị ka n'okpuru:

$ cat /proc/loadavg

2.48 1.69 1.42 5/889 10570

Iji nyochaa nha nha n'ụdị eserese, lelee: ttyload - Na-egosi eserese nke agba nke Linux Load Nkezi na Terminal.

N'elu igwe desktọpụ, e nwere ngwaọrụ ihe nlere anya onye ọrụ anyị nwere ike iji lelee oke ibu sistemu.

Ịghọta Nkezi Ibu Sistemụ na Ọnụ Ọgụgụ CPU

Anyị enweghị ike ịkọwa ibu sistemu ma ọ bụ arụmọrụ sistemu na-eme ka enweghị ìhè na mmetụta nke ọnụọgụ cores CPU na arụmọrụ.

  • Multi-processor – bụ ebe ejikọtara CPU abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime otu sistemụ kọmputa.
  • Multi-core processor - bụ otu CPU anụ ahụ nke nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa cores dị iche iche (ma ọ bụ ihe anyị nwekwara ike na-ezo aka dị ka nhazi nkeji) na-arụ ọrụ n'otu n'otu. Nke pụtara dual-core nwere nkeji nhazi abụọ abụọ, quad-core nwere nkeji nhazi 4 na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Ọzọkwa, enwekwara teknụzụ nhazi nke Intel bu ụzọ webatara iji kwalite kọmpụta myirịta, nke akpọrọ hyper threading.

N'okpuru hyper threading, otu isi CPU anụ ahụ na-egosi dị ka CPU abụọ ezi uche dị na ya na sistemụ arụmọrụ (mana n'eziokwu, enwere otu ngwaike anụ ahụ).

Rịba ama na otu isi CPU nwere ike ịrụ naanị otu ọrụ n'otu oge, ya mere e wetara teknụzụ dị ka ọtụtụ CPUs/processors, CPU multi-core na hyper-threading.

N'iji ihe karịrị otu CPU, enwere ike ịme ọtụtụ mmemme n'otu oge. Ndị CPU Intel nke oge a na-eji ngwakọta nke ma otutu cores na teknụzụ hyper-threading.

Iji chọta ọnụọgụ nhazi nke dị na sistemụ, anyị nwere ike iji iwu nproc ma ọ bụ lscpu dị ka ndị a:

$ nproc
4

OR
lscpu

Ụzọ ọzọ ịchọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nhazi nhazi site na iji iwu grep dị ka egosiri.

$ grep 'model name' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l

4

Ugbu a, ka ị ghọtakwuo ibu sistemu, anyị ga-ewere echiche ole na ole. Ka anyị kwuo na anyị nwere oke ibu n'okpuru:

23:16:49 up  10:49,  5 user,  load average: 1.00, 0.40, 3.35

  • CPU bụ nke zuru oke (100%) etinyere na nkezi; Usoro 1 na-agba ọsọ na CPU (1.00) n'ime nkeji 1 gara aga.
  • CPU anaghị arụ ọrụ site na 60% na nkezi; ọ dịghị usoro na-echere oge CPU (0.40) n'ime nkeji ise ikpeazụ.
  • CPU bujuru ya site na 235% na nkezi; Usoro 2.35 na-echere oge CPU (3.35) n'ime nkeji iri na ise gara aga.

  • Otu CPU bụ 100% na-abaghị uru na nkezi, a na-eji otu CPU; ọ dịghị usoro na-echere oge CPU (1.00) n'ime nkeji 1 ikpeazụ.
  • Ndị CPU anaghị arụ ọrụ site na 160% na nkezi; ọ dịghị usoro na-echere oge CPU. (0.40) n'ime nkeji ise gara aga.
  • 135% bufere CPUs na nkezi; Usoro 1.35 na-echere oge CPU. (3.35) n'ime nkeji iri na ise gara aga.

Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị:

  1. Ngwá ọrụ ahịrị iwu 20 iji nyochaa arụmọrụ Linux - Nkebi nke 1
  2. Ngwaọrụ nleba anya arụmọrụ Linux 13 - Nkebi nke 2
  3. Perf- Ngwá Ọrụ Nlebanya na Nyocha Arụmọrụ maka Linux
  4. Nmon: Nyochaa ma nyochaa arụmọrụ Sistemụ Linux

N'ikpeazụ, ọ bụrụ na ị bụ onye nchịkwa sistemụ mgbe ahụ oke ibu dị elu dị adị na-echegbu onwe ya. Mgbe ha dị elu, karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cores CPU, ọ na-egosi nnukwu ọchịchọ maka CPUs, na obere ibu dị n'okpuru ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cores CPU na-agwa anyị na CPU adịghị arụ ọrụ.