Iwu 9 bara uru iji nweta ozi CPU na Linux

N'ime edemede gara aga, anyị na-ejikọta ndepụta nke iwu 10 bara uru iji nakọta ozi sistemụ na ngwaike na Linux. N'ime ntuziaka a, anyị ga-agbada na CPU/processor, ma gosi gị ụzọ dị iche iche isi wepụta ozi zuru ezu gbasara CPU igwe gị.

Naanị iji nye gị nkọwapụta, anyị ga-ajụ ajụjụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ CPU, vendor_id, model, model name, number of CPU cores, ọsọ nke isi ọ bụla, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.
N'ụzọ bụ isi,/proc/cpuinfo nwere ozi a niile, iwu/akụrụngwa ọ bụla na-enweta nsonaazụ ya na faịlụ a.

Site na nke ahụ kwuru, n'okpuru bụ iwu 9 maka ịnweta ozi gbasara Linux CPU gị.

1. Nweta ozi CPU Iji cat Command

Ị nwere ike ịlele ozi nke sistemụ CPU gị site na ịlele ọdịnaya nke faịlụ /proc/cpuinfo site na enyemaka nke iwu cat dị ka ndị a:

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor	: 0
vendor_id	: GenuineIntel
cpu family	: 6
model		: 69
model name	: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
stepping	: 1
microcode	: 0x1c
cpu MHz		: 1700.062
cache size	: 3072 KB
physical id	: 0
siblings	: 4
core id		: 0
cpu cores	: 2
apicid		: 0
initial apicid	: 0
fpu		: yes
fpu_exception	: yes
cpuid level	: 13
wp		: yes
flags		: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts
bugs		:
bogomips	: 4788.92
clflush size	: 64
cache_alignment	: 64
address sizes	: 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
......

Iji nweta ntakịrị nkọwapụta, ị nwere ike were iwu grep - ngwá ọrụ CLI maka ịchọ data ederede doro anya maka ahịrị dabara na okwu oge niile. Nke a nwere ike inyere gị aka naanị wepụta aha onye na-ere ahịa, aha ihe nlereanya, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nrụpụta, ọnụọgụ cores, wdg:

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'vendor' | uniq		#view vendor name
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name' | uniq		#display model name
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l		#count the number of processing units
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'core id'			#show individual cores

2. lscpu Iwu - Na-egosi CPU Architecture Ama

Iwu lscpu na-ebipụta ozi ihe owuwu CPU site na sysfs na /proc/cpuinfo dị ka egosiri n'okpuru:

$ lscpu

Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                4
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    2
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 69
Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
Stepping:              1
CPU MHz:               1303.687
CPU max MHz:           2700.0000
CPU min MHz:           800.0000
BogoMIPS:              4788.92
Virtualization:        VT-x
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              3072K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-3
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts

3. cpuid Iwu - Na-egosi x86 CPU

Iwu cpuid na-atụfu ozi zuru oke gbasara CPU(s) anakọtara na ntuziaka CPUID, ma chọpụtakwa ụdị x86 CPU(s) kpọmkwem site na ozi ahụ.

Jide n'aka na ịwụnye ya tupu ịme ya.

$ sudo apt install cpuid        #Debian/Ubuntu systems
$ sudo yum install cpuid	#RHEL/CentOS systems 
$ sudo dnf install cpuid	#Fedora 22+

Ozugbo etinyere ya, gbaa cpuid iji nakọta ozi gbasara x86 CPU.

$ cpuid

CPU 0:
   vendor_id = "GenuineIntel"
   version information (1/eax):
      processor type  = primary processor (0)
      family          = Intel Pentium Pro/II/III/Celeron/Core/Core 2/Atom, AMD Athlon/Duron, Cyrix M2, VIA C3 (6)
      model           = 0x5 (5)
      stepping id     = 0x1 (1)
      extended family = 0x0 (0)
      extended model  = 0x4 (4)
      (simple synth)  = Intel Mobile Core i3-4000Y / Mobile Core i5-4000Y / Mobile Core i7-4000Y / Mobile Pentium 3500U/3600U/3500Y / Mobile Celeron 2900U (Mobile U/Y) (Haswell), 22nm
   miscellaneous (1/ebx):
      process local APIC physical ID = 0x0 (0)
      cpu count                      = 0x10 (16)
      CLFLUSH line size              = 0x8 (8)
      brand index                    = 0x0 (0)
   brand id = 0x00 (0): unknown
   feature information (1/edx):
      x87 FPU on chip                        = true
      virtual-8086 mode enhancement          = true
      debugging extensions                   = true
      page size extensions                   = true
      time stamp counter                     = true
      RDMSR and WRMSR support                = true
      physical address extensions            = true
....

4. dmidecode Command - Na-egosi Linux Hardware Ama

dmidecode bụ ngwa maka iweghachite ozi ngwaike nke sistemụ Linux ọ bụla. Ọ na-atụfu ọdịnaya tebụl DMI nke kọmpụta (aka SMBIOS) n'ụdị mmadụ nwere ike ịgụ maka iweghachi ngwa ngwa. Nkọwa SMBIOS na-akọwa ụdị DMI dị iche iche, maka CPU, jiri \processor dị ka ndị a:

$ sudo dmidecode --type processor

# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 42 bytes
Processor Information
	Socket Designation: U3E1
	Type: Central Processor
	Family: Core i5
	Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation
	ID: 51 06 04 00 FF FB EB BF
	Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 69, Stepping 1
	Flags:
		FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
		VME (Virtual mode extension)
		DE (Debugging extension)
		PSE (Page size extension)
		TSC (Time stamp counter)
		MSR (Model specific registers)
		PAE (Physical address extension)
		MCE (Machine check exception)
		CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
		APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
		SEP (Fast system call)
		MTRR (Memory type range registers)
		PGE (Page global enable)
		MCA (Machine check architecture)
.....

5. Ngwá Ọrụ Inxi - Na-egosi Ozi Sistemụ Linux

Inxi bụ mkpụrụedemede ozi usoro usoro iwu siri ike ezubere maka njikwa njikwa yana IRC (Internet Relay Chat). Ị nwere ike iji ya weghachite ozi ngwaike ozugbo.

Ị nwere ike ịwụnye dị ka:

$ sudo apt install inxi 	#Debian/Ubuntu systems
$ sudo yum install inxi		#RHEL/CentOS systems 
$ sudo dnf install inxi		#Fedora 22+

Iji gosi ozi CPU zuru oke, gụnyere kwa ọsọ elekere CPU yana ọsọ max CPU (ọ bụrụ na ọ dị), jiri ọkọlọtọ -C dị ka ndị a:

$ inxi -C

CPU:       Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB 
           clock speeds: max: 2700 MHz 1: 1958 MHz 2: 1993 MHz 3: 1775 MHz 4: 1714 MHz

6. lshw Ngwá Ọrụ - Ndepụta Akụrụngwa Nhazi

lshw bụ obere ngwa maka ịnakọta ozi dị omimi na nhazi ngwaike nke kọmputa. Ị nwere ike iji -C nhọrọ ịhọrọ klaasị ngwaike, CPU na nke a:

$ sudo lshw -C CPU

*-cpu                   
       description: CPU
       product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
       vendor: Intel Corp.
       physical id: 4
       bus info: [email 
       version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz
       serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
       slot: U3E1
       size: 2626MHz
       capacity: 2700MHz
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 100MHz
       capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts cpufreq
       configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=4

7. hardinfo - Na-egosiputa ozi ngwaike na windo GTK+

Hardinfo na-egosiputa ozi ngwaike na windo GTK+, ị nwere ike iwunye ya dị ka ndị a:

$ sudo apt install hardinfo 	#Debian/Ubuntu systems
$ sudo yum install hardinfo	#RHEL/CentOS systems 
$ sudo dnf install hardinfo	#Fedora 22+

Ozugbo i tinyechara ya, pịnye:

$ hardinfo

Ọ na-enye gị ohere ịmepụta akụkọ ozi ngwaike sistemu site na ịpị bọtịnụ Mepụta mkpesa Site na interface dị n'okpuru, pịa Mepụta ka ịga n'ihu. Mara na ị nwere ike họrọ udi ozi ngwaike nke a ga-emepụta.

Ozugbo ịmepụtara akụkọ ahụ n'ụdị html, ị nwere ike ịlele ya site na ihe nchọgharị weebụ dịka egosiri n'okpuru.

8. hwinfo - Na-egosi Ozi ngwaike dị ugbu a

A na-eji hwinfo wepụta ozi gbasara ngwaike dị na sistemụ Linux. Iji gosi ozi gbasara CPU gị, jiri --cpu

$ hwinfo --cpu

01: None 00.0: 10103 CPU                                        
  [Created at cpu.460]
  Unique ID: rdCR.j8NaKXDZtZ6
  Hardware Class: cpu
  Arch: X86-64
  Vendor: "GenuineIntel"
  Model: 6.69.1 "Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz"
  Features: fpu,vme,de,pse,tsc,msr,pae,mce,cx8,apic,sep,mtrr,pge,mca,cmov,pat,pse36,clflush,dts,acpi,mmx,fxsr,sse,sse2,ss,ht,tm,pbe,syscall,nx,pdpe1gb,rdtscp,lm,constant_tsc,arch_perfmon,pebs,bts,rep_good,nopl,xtopology,nonstop_tsc,aperfmperf,eagerfpu,pni,pclmulqdq,dtes64,monitor,ds_cpl,vmx,est,tm2,ssse3,sdbg,fma,cx16,xtpr,pdcm,pcid,sse4_1,sse4_2,movbe,popcnt,tsc_deadline_timer,aes,xsave,avx,f16c,rdrand,lahf_lm,abm,epb,tpr_shadow,vnmi,flexpriority,ept,vpid,fsgsbase,tsc_adjust,bmi1,avx2,smep,bmi2,erms,invpcid,xsaveopt,dtherm,ida,arat,pln,pts
  Clock: 2080 MHz
  BogoMips: 4788.92
  Cache: 3072 kb
  Units/Processor: 16
  Config Status: cfg=new, avail=yes, need=no, active=unknown
....

9. nproc – Bipute Ọnụ Ọgụgụ Nke Nhazi

A na-eji iwu nproc gosi ọnụọgụ nhazi nke dị na kọmputa gị:

$ nproc

Maka ozi ojiji na nhọrọ ndị ọzọ, gụọ site na ibe nwoke nke iwu ndị a dị ka nke a:

$ man commandname

Ọzọkwa, lelee:

Cpustat – Na-enyocha ojiji CPU site na usoro ịgba ọsọ na Linux
CoreFreq – Ngwá ọrụ nlekota CPU siri ike maka Sistemụ Linux
Chọta usoro ịgba ọsọ kacha elu site na ebe nchekwa kacha elu yana ojiji CPU na Linux
Otu esi ewebata ibu CPU dị elu na nnwale nrụgide na Linux Iji Ngwá Ọrụ ‘Stress-ng’

Nke ahụ bụ maka ugbu a! Ị nwere ike ịkọrọ anyị ụzọ ndị ọzọ iji wepụ ozi CPU na Linux site na ụdị nzaghachi n'okpuru.