Otu esi etinye sava DHCP na Ubuntu na Debian


Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) bụ usoro netwọkụ nke ejiri mee ka kọmpụta ndị ọbịa nwee ike kenye adreesị IP na akpaghị aka na nhazi netwọkụ metụtara site na sava.

Adreesị IP nke ihe nkesa DHCP kenyere onye ahịa DHCP nọ na '' mgbazinye '', oge ịgbazinye ego na-adịkarị iche dabere na ogologo oge kọmputa onye ahịa nwere ike ịchọ njikọ ma ọ bụ nhazi DHCP.

Nke a bụ nkọwa ngwa ngwa ka DHCP si arụ ọrụ:

  • Ozugbo onye ahịa (nke ahaziri iji DHCP) wee jikọọ na akpụkpọ ụkwụ netwọk, ọ na-eziga ngwugwu DHCPDISCOVER na sava DHCP.
  • Mgbe ihe nkesa DHCP nwetara ngwugwu arịrịọ DHCPDISCOVER, ọ na-aza na ngwugwu DHCPOFFER.
  • Mgbe ahụ onye ahịa ahụ ga-enweta ngwugwu DHCPREQUEST, wee zipu ngwugwu DHCPREQUEST na sava ahụ na-egosi na ọ dịla njikere ịnata ozi nhazi netwọkụ enyere na ngwugwu DHCPREQUEST.
  • N'ikpeazụ, mgbe ihe nkesa DHCP natachara ngwungwu DHCPREQUEST n'aka onye ahịa, ọ na-eziga ngwugwu DHCPACK na-egosi na ekwenyere onye ahịa ikike iji adreesị IP ekenyere ya.

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-egosi gị otu esi edozi ihe nkesa DHCP na Ubuntu/Debian Linux, anyị ga-ejikwa iwu sudo mee iwu niile iji nweta ohere ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ.

Anyị ga-eji gburugburu nnwale maka nhazi a.

DHCP Server - Ubuntu 16.04 
DHCP Clients - CentOS 7 and Fedora 25

Kwụpụ 1: Wụnye DHCP Server na Ubuntu

1. Gbaa iwu dị n'okpuru ka ịwụnye ngwugwu ihe nkesa DCHP, nke a na-akpọbu dhcp3-server.

$ sudo apt install isc-dhcp-server

2. Mgbe echichi mechara, dezie faịlụ /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server iji kọwaa interfaces DHCP kwesịrị iji jee ozi DHCP arịrịọ, na nhọrọ INTERFACES.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ka DHHCPD daemon gee na eth0, tọọ ya ka ọ dị:

INTERFACES="eth0"

Mụtakwa ka esi ahazi adreesị IP static maka interface dị n'elu.

Kwụpụ 2: Ịhazi DHCP Server na Ubuntu

3. Isi faịlụ nhazi DHCP bụ /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf, ị ga-agbakwunyerịrị ozi netwọkụ gị niile ka ezigara ndị ahịa ebe a.

Na, enwere ụdị nkwupụta abụọ akọwapụtara na faịlụ nhazi DHCP, ndị a bụ:

  • parameters – ezipụta otu esi arụ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ ịrụ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ nhọrọ nhazi netwọkụ ị ga-ezigara onye ahịa DHCP.
  • nkwupụta - kọwapụta topology netwọkụ, kwupụta ndị ahịa, nye adreesị maka ndị ahịa, ma ọ bụ tinye otu paramita na otu nkwupụta.

4. Ugbu a, mepee ma gbanwee faịlụ nhazi isi, kọwaa nhọrọ nkesa DHCP gị:

$ sudo vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 

Tọọ paramita ndị a zuru ụwa ọnụ n'elu faịlụ ahụ, ha ga-etinye aka na nkwupụta niile dị n'okpuru (kpọpụta ụkpụrụ na-emetụta ọnọdụ gị):

option domain-name "tecmint.lan";
option domain-name-servers ns1.tecmint.lan, ns2.tecmint.lan;
default-lease-time 3600; 
max-lease-time 7200;
authoritative;

5. Ugbu a, kọwaa subnetwork; Ebe a, anyị ga-edozi DHCP maka 192.168.10.0/24 LAN netwọk (jiri paramita ndị metụtara gị dịruru ná njọ).

subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        option routers                  192.168.10.1;
        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;
        option domain-search            "tecmint.lan";
        option domain-name-servers      192.168.10.1;
        range   192.168.10.10   192.168.10.100;
        range   192.168.10.110   192.168.10.200;
}

Kwụpụ 3: Hazie IP Static na igwe ndị ahịa DHCP

6. Iji kenye adreesị IP a kapịrị ọnụ na kọmpụta ndị ahịa, gbakwunye ngalaba dị n'okpuru ebe ịchọrọ ịkọwapụta nke ọma na adreesị MAC na IP ga-ekenye ya nke ọma:

host centos-node {
	 hardware ethernet 00:f0:m4:6y:89:0g;
	 fixed-address 192.168.10.105;
 }

host fedora-node {
	 hardware ethernet 00:4g:8h:13:8h:3a;
	 fixed-address 192.168.10.106;
 }

Chekwaa faịlụ ma mechie ya.

7. Ọzọ, malite ọrụ DHCP maka oge a, ma mee ka ọ malite na-akpaghị aka site na buut na-esote usoro, dị ka:

------------ SystemD ------------ 
$ sudo systemctl start isc-dhcp-server.service
$ sudo systemctl enable isc-dhcp-server.service


------------ SysVinit ------------ 
$ sudo service isc-dhcp-server.service start
$ sudo service isc-dhcp-server.service enable

8. Ọzọ, echefula ikwe ka ọrụ DHCP (DHCPD daemon na-ege ntị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 67/UDP) na firewall dị ka n'okpuru:

$ sudo ufw allow  67/udp
$ sudo ufw reload
$ sudo ufw show

Kwụpụ 4: Na-ahazi igwe ndị ahịa DHCP

9. N'ebe a, ị nwere ike hazie gị ahịa kọmputa na netwọk na-akpaghị aka na-enweta adreesị IP si DHCP nkesa.

Banye na kọmputa ndị ahịa wee dezie faịlụ nhazi interface Ethernet dị ka ndị a (hụta aha interface/nọmba):

$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

Ma kọwaa nhọrọ n'okpuru:

auto  eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Chekwaa faịlụ wee pụọ. Ma malitegharịa ọrụ netwọk dị ka ya (ma ọ bụ malitegharịa usoro):

------------ SystemD ------------ 
$ sudo systemctl restart networking

------------ SysVinit ------------ 
$ sudo service networking restart

N'aka nke ọzọ, jiri GUI na igwe desktọpụ iji rụọ ntọala, tọọ usoro ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akpaaka (DHCP) dị ka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo dị n'okpuru (Fedora 25 desktọpụ).

N'oge a, ọ bụrụ na ahaziri ntọala niile nke ọma, igwe onye ahịa gị kwesịrị ịnata adreesị IP na-akpaghị aka site na sava DHCP.

Ọ bụ ya! N'ime nkuzi a, anyị gosiri gị otu esi edozi ihe nkesa DHCP na Ubuntu/Debian. Gwa anyị echiche gị site na ngalaba nzaghachi n'okpuru. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji nkesa dabere Fedora, gagharịa ka esi edobe sava DHCP na CentOS/RHEL.