Otu esi etinye sava DHCP na CentOS, RHEL na Fedora
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) bụ usoro netwọkụ nke na-enyere onye nkesa aka ikenye adreesị IP na-akpaghị aka ma nye ndị ahịa na netwọk mmekọrịta, site na ọdọ mmiri IP akọwapụtara nke ọma.
Nke a pụtara na oge ọ bụla onye ahịa (jikọrọ na netwọkụ) na-akpụ akpụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ, ọ na-enweta adreesị IP \dynamic n'adịghị ka adreesị IP static nke na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. Adreesị IP nke ihe nkesa DHCP kenyere onye ahịa DHCP bụ na lease, oge mgbazinye nwere ike ịdịgasị iche dabere n'ogologo oge onye ahịa ga-achọ njikọ ma ọ bụ nhazi DHCP.
N'ime nkuzi a, anyị ga-ekpuchi otu esi etinye ma hazie ihe nkesa DHCP na nkesa CentOS/RHEL na Fedora.
Anyị ga-eji gburugburu nnwale maka nhazi a.
DHCP Server - CentOS 7 DHCP Clients - Fedora 25 and Ubuntu 16.04
Tupu anyị aga n'ihu, ka anyị kọwaa nkenke ka DHCP si arụ ọrụ:
- Mgbe agbanyere kọmputa onye ahịa (ahaziri ka ọ jiri DHCP) wee jikọọ na netwọkụ, ọ na-ebuga ozi DHCPDISCOVER na sava DHCP.
- Ma mgbe ihe nkesa DHCP natachara ozi arịrịọ DHCPDISCOVER, ọ na-aza ozi DHCPOFFER.
- Mgbe ahụ onye ahịa ahụ na-enweta ozi DHCPREQUEST, wee ziga ozi DHCPREQUEST na sava ahụ na-egosi, ọ dị njikere ịnweta nhazi netwọkụ enyere na ozi DHCPFER.
- N'ikpeazụ ma ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ, ihe nkesa DHCP na-enweta ozi DHCPREQUEST n'aka onye ahịa, wee ziga ozi DHCPACK na-egosi na ekwenyere onye ahịa ya ugbu a iji adreesị IP ekenyere ya.
Kwụpụ 1: Wụnye DHCP Server na CentOS
1. Ịwụnye DCHP bụ nnọọ ogologo n'ihu, nanị na-agba ọsọ iwu n'okpuru.
# yum -y install dhcp
Ihe dị mkpa: N'iche na enwere ihe karịrị otu netwọkụ netwọk jikọtara na sistemụ, mana ịchọrọ ka ịmalite sava DHCP naanị n'otu n'ime oghere ahụ, tọọ ihe nkesa DHCP ka ọ malite naanị na interface ahụ dị ka ndị a.
2. Mepee faịlụ /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd, tinye aha nke interface a kapịrị ọnụ na ndepụta DHCPDARGS, dịka ọmụmaatụ ma ọ bụrụ na interface bụ eth0, wee tinye:
DHCPDARGS=eth0
Chekwaa faịlụ wee pụọ.
Kwụpụ 2: Ịhazi nkesa DHCP na CentOS
3. Maka ndị mbido, iji dozie ihe nkesa DHCP, nzọụkwụ mbụ bụ ịmepụta faịlụ nhazi dhcpd.conf, na isi faịlụ nhazi DHCP na-abụkarị /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf (nke bụ. efu na ndabara), ọ na-edobe ozi netwọk niile ezigara ndị ahịa.
Otú ọ dị, enwere faịlụ nhazi ihe atụ /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample, nke bụ ezigbo mmalite maka ịhazi ihe nkesa DHCP.
Na, enwere ụdị nkwupụta abụọ akọwapụtara na faịlụ nhazi DHCP, ndị a bụ:
- parameters – kwupụta otu esi arụ ọrụ, ma ịrụ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ nhọrọ nhazi netwọkụ ị ga-ezigara onye ahịa DHCP.
- nkwupụta – ezipụta topology netwọkụ, kọwapụta ndị ahịa, nye adreesị maka ndị ahịa, ma ọ bụ tinye otu paramita na otu nkwupụta.
Ya mere, malite site na iṅomi faịlụ nhazi ihe atụ dịka faịlụ nhazi isi dị ka nke a:
# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
4. Ugbu a, mepee faịlụ nhazi isi wee kọwaa nhọrọ nkesa DHCP gị:
# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
Malite site na ịtọ ntọala ụwa ndị a nke ga-emetụta netwọkụ subnetwork niile (kpọpụta ụkpụrụ ndị metụtara ọnọdụ gị) n'elu faịlụ ahụ:
option domain-name "tecmint.lan"; option domain-name-servers ns1.tecmint.lan, ns2.tecmint.lan; default-lease-time 3600; max-lease-time 7200; authoritative;
5. Ugbu a, kọwaa subnetwork; na ọmụmaatụ a, anyị ga-ahazi DHCP maka netwọk LAN 192.168.56.0/24 (cheta na iji parampat na-emetụta ọnọdụ gị):
subnet 192.168.56.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.56.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option domain-search "tecmint.lan";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.56.1;
range 192.168.56.10 192.168.56.100;
range 192.168.56.120 192.168.56.200;
}
Kwụpụ 3: Kenye Static IP na onye ahịa DHCP
Ị nwere ike kenye adreesị IP kwụ ọtọ na kọmpụta onye ahịa na netwọkụ, kọwapụta naanị ngalaba dị n'okpuru na faịlụ /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf, ebe ị ga-ezipụta nke ọma na adreesị MAC na IP edobere ka ekenye ya:
host ubuntu-node {
hardware ethernet 00:f0:m4:6y:89:0g;
fixed-address 192.168.56.105;
}
host fedora-node {
hardware ethernet 00:4g:8h:13:8h:3a;
fixed-address 192.168.56.110;
}
Chekwaa faịlụ ma mechie ya.
Mara: Ị nwere ike ịchọpụta ma ọ bụ gosipụta adreesị Mac Linux site na iji iwu na-esonụ.
# ifconfig -a eth0 | grep HWaddr
6. Ugbu a malite ọrụ DHCP maka oge ọ bụla ma mee ka ọ malite na-akpaghị aka site na buut usoro ọzọ, na-eji iwu ndị a:
---------- On CentOS/RHEL 7 ---------- # systemctl start dhcpd # systemctl enable dhcpd ---------- On CentOS/RHEL 6 ---------- # service dhcpd start # chkconfig dhcpd on
7. Ọzọ, echefula ikwe ka ọrụ DHCP (DHCPD daemon na-ege ntị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 67/UDP) dị ka n'okpuru:
---------- On CentOS/RHEL 7 ---------- # firewall-cmd --add-service=dhcp --permanent # firewall-cmd --reload ---------- On CentOS/RHEL 6 ---------- # iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 67 -j ACCEPT # service iptables save
Kwụpụ 4: Na-ahazi ndị ahịa DHCP
8. Ugbu a, ị nwere ike hazie gị ahịa na netwọk na-akpaghị aka na-enweta adreesị IP si DHCP nkesa. Banye na igwe onye ahịa wee gbanwee faịlụ nhazi interface Ethernet dị ka ndị a (wepu aha/nọmba interface):
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
Tinye nhọrọ n'okpuru:
DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=dhcp TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes
Chekwaa faịlụ wee pụọ.
9. Ị nwekwara ike ịrụ ntọala site na iji GUI na kọmputa desktọọpụ, tọọ usoro na-akpaghị aka (DHCP) dị ka egosiri na nseta ihuenyo dị n'okpuru (Ubuntu 16.04 desktọọpụ).
10. Mgbe ahụ malitegharịa ọrụ netwọk dị ka ndị a (ị nwere ike ịmalitegharị usoro ahụ):
---------- On CentOS/RHEL 7 ---------- # systemctl restart network ---------- On CentOS/RHEL 6 ---------- # service network restart
N'oge a, ọ bụrụ na ntọala niile ziri ezi, ndị ahịa gị kwesịrị ịnata adreesị IP na-akpaghị aka site na sava DHCP.
Ị nwekwara ike ịgụ:
- Otu esi etinye ma hazie Multihomed ISC DHCP Server na Linux Debian
- 10 bara uru \IP Iwu iji hazie interface netwọk
N'ime nkuzi a, anyị gosiri gị otu esi edobe sava DHCP na RHEL/CentOS. Jiri mpempe nkọwa n'okpuru dee azụ n'elu anyị. N'ime edemede na-abịa, anyị ga-egosi gị otu esi edozi ihe nkesa DHCP na Debian/Ubuntu. Ruo mgbe ahụ, na-ejikọrọ na TecMint mgbe niile.