Otu esi etinye ma ọ bụ kwalite na kernel 5.0 na CentOS 7
Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị na-eji okwu Linux na-anọchi anya sistemụ arụmọrụ n'ozuzu ya, ọ dị mkpa ịmara na, n'ikwu ya n'ụzọ doro anya, Linux bụ naanị kernel. N'aka nke ọzọ, nkesa bụ usoro na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke nke e wuru n'elu kernel nwere ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa na ụlọ akwụkwọ.
N'oge arụ ọrụ nkịtị, kernel na-ahụ maka ịrụ ọrụ abụọ dị mkpa:
- Na-eme dị ka interface n'etiti ngwaike na ngwanro na-arụ na sistemụ.
- Jikwaa akụrụngwa sistemụ dị ka o kwere mee.
Iji mee nke a, kernel na-ekwurịta okwu na ngwaike site na ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala arụnyere n'ime ya ma ọ bụ ndị nwere ike ịmechaa dị ka modul.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ngwa na-arụ ọrụ na igwe gị chọrọ ijikọ na netwọk ikuku, ọ na-enyefe arịrịọ ahụ na kernel, nke n'aka nke ya na-eji ọkwọ ụgbọala ziri ezi jikọọ na netwọk.
Site na ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ na teknụzụ na-apụta kwa oge, ọ dị mkpa idobe kernel anyị ka ọ dị ọhụrụ ma ọ bụrụ na anyị chọrọ iji ha eme nke ọma. Na mgbakwunye, imelite kernel anyị ga-enyere anyị aka ijikwa ọrụ kernel ọhụrụ na ichekwa onwe anyị pụọ na adịghị ike nke achọpụtara na nsụgharị ndị gara aga.
Ị dịla njikere imelite kernel gị na CentOS 7 ma ọ bụ otu n'ime usoro ha dị ka RHEL 7 na Fedora? Ọ bụrụ otú ahụ, nọgide na-agụ!
Kwụpụ 1: Lelee ụdị kernel arụnyere
Mgbe anyị rụnyere nkesa ọ gụnyere ụfọdụ ụdị kernel Linux. Iji gosi ụdị arụnyere ugbu a na sistemụ anyị anyị nwere ike ime:
# uname -sr
Foto a na-egosi mmepụta nke iwu dị n'elu na sava CentOS 7:
Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-aga ugbu a na https://www.kernel.org/, anyị ga-ahụ na ụdị kernel kacha ọhụrụ bụ 5.0 n'oge ederede (ụdị ndị ọzọ dị na saịtị ahụ).
Ụdị kernel 5.0 ọhụrụ a bụ ntọhapụ ogologo oge ma a ga-akwado ya maka afọ 6, na mbụ akwadoro ụdị Linux Kernel niile maka afọ 2 naanị.
Otu ihe dị mkpa ị ga-atụle bụ usoro ndụ ndụ nke ụdị kernel - ọ bụrụ na ụdị nke ị na-eji ugbu a na-eru nso na njedebe nke ndụ ya, a gaghị eweta mmezi ahụhụ ọzọ mgbe ụbọchị ahụ gasịrị. Maka ozi ndị ọzọ, rụtụ aka na ibe mwepụta kernel.
Kwụpụ 2: Nweta nkwalite kernel na CentOS 7
Ọtụtụ nkesa ọgbara ọhụrụ na-enye ụzọ iji kwalite kernel site na iji sistemụ njikwa ngwugwu dị ka yum na ebe nchekwa gọọmentị na-akwado.
Ihe dị mkpa: Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ ka ị na-agba ọsọ kernel chịkọtara, mgbe ahụ ị ga-agụ akụkọ anyị na-akọwa Otu esi ejikọta Linux Kernel na CentOS 7 site na isi mmalite.
Agbanyeghị, nke a ga-eme naanị nkwalite gaa na ụdị kachasị ọhụrụ dị na ebe nchekwa nkesa - ọ bụghị nke kachasị ọhụrụ dị na https://www.kernel.org/. O di nwute, okpu uhie na-enye ohere iji kwalite kernel site na iji nhọrọ mbu.
N'adịghị ka Red Hat, CentOS na-enye ohere iji ELRepo, ebe nchekwa ndị ọzọ na-eme ka nkwalite gaa na ụdị ọhụrụ kernel.
Iji mee ka ebe nchekwa ELRepo dị na CentOS 7, mee:
# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org # rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
Ozugbo agbanyere ebe nchekwa ahụ, ị nwere ike iji iwu na-esonụ iji depụta ngwugwu ndị metụtara kernel.
# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * elrepo-kernel: mirror-hk.koddos.net Available Packages kernel-lt.x86_64 4.4.176-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 4.4.176-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-doc.noarch 4.4.176-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 4.4.176-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 4.4.176-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 4.4.176-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 4.4.176-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml.x86_64 5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-doc.noarch 5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel perf.x86_64 5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel python-perf.x86_64 5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
Na-esote, wụnye kernel kwụ ọtọ mainline kacha ọhụrụ:
# yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.mirror.net.in * elrepo: mirror-hk.koddos.net * elrepo-kernel: mirror-hk.koddos.net * epel: repos.del.extreme-ix.org * extras: centos.mirror.net.in * updates: centos.mirror.net.in Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package kernel-ml.x86_64 0:5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ==================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ==================================================================================== Installing: kernel-ml x86_64 5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 47 M Transaction Summary ==================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 47 M Installed size: 215 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: kernel-ml-5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 47 MB 00:01:21 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : kernel-ml-5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : kernel-ml-5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1 Installed: kernel-ml.x86_64 0:5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo Complete!
N'ikpeazụ, reboot igwe gị iji tinye kernel kachasị ọhụrụ, wee họrọ kernel kachasị ọhụrụ na menu dị ka egosiri.
Banye dị ka mgbọrọgwụ, wee gbaa iwu na-esonụ ka ịlele ụdị kernel:
# uname -sr
Kwụpụ 3: Tọọ ụdịdị kernel na GRUB
Iji mee ụdị arụnyere ọhụrụ ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ buut ndabara, ị ga-agbanwe nhazi GRUB dị ka ndị a:
Mepee ma dezie faịlụ /etc/default/grub wee tọọ GRUB_DEFAULT=0. Nke a pụtara na a ga-eji kernel mbụ dị na ihuenyo mbụ GRUB dị ka ndabara.
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet" GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
Na-esote, gbaa iwu na-esonụ iji megharịa nhazi kernel.
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.0.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.20.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.20.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.11-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.19.11-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-4.19.0-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-1e2b46dbc0c04b05b592c837c366bb76 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-1e2b46dbc0c04b05b592c837c366bb76.img done
Malitegharịa ma chọpụta na a na-eji kernel ọhụrụ ugbu a na ndabara.
Ekele! Ị kwalitela kernel gị na CentOS 7!
N'ime edemede a, anyị akọwala otu esi ebulite kernel Linux ngwa ngwa na sistemụ gị. Enwere ụzọ ọzọ anyị ekpuchibeghị ebe ọ gụnyere ịchịkọta kernel site na isi iyi, nke ga-enwerịrị akwụkwọ zuru oke na anaghị akwado ya na sistemu mmepụta.
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-anọchi anya otu n'ime ahụmịhe mmụta kachasị mma ma na-enye ohere maka nhazi nke ọma nke kernel, ị nwere ike mee ka usoro gị ghara ịdị irè ma nwee ike ịwụnye ya na ọkọ.
Ọ bụrụ na ị ka nwere mmasị n'ịrụ kernel dị ka ahụmịhe mmụta, ị ga-ahụ ntuziaka maka otu esi eme ya na ibe Kernel Newbies.
Dị ka mgbe niile, nweere onwe gị iji ụdị dị n'okpuru ebe a ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ kwuo banyere akụkọ a.