Ngwa 9 iji nyochaa akụkụ diski Linux na ojiji na Linux
N'ime edemede a, anyị ga-enyocha ọtụtụ ngwa ahịrị ahịrị iwu Linux nke ị nwere ike iji lelee akụkụ diski na Linux.
Nleba anya ojiji oghere (s) nchekwa ngwaọrụ bụ otu n'ime ọrụ kachasị mkpa nke SysAdmin, nke a na-enyere aka hụ na ohere efu zuru oke na ngwaọrụ nchekwa maka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma nke sistemụ Linux gị.
Iwu Line Utilities Iji bipụta tebụl nkebi Linux Disk
Ndị na-esonụ bụ ndepụta nke ngwa ahịrị iwu maka ibipụta tebụl nkebi ngwaọrụ nchekwa yana ojiji oghere.
fdisk bụ ngwa ahịrị ahịrị iwu siri ike ma ama ama ejiri maka imepụta na ijikwa tebụl nkebi diski.
Ọ na-akwado GPT, MBR, Sun, SGI na tebụl nkebi BSD. Ị nwere ike ịgba ọsọ fdisk iwu site na enyi na enyi ya, ederede dabere na menu ebugharị iji gosipụta, mepụta, gbanwee, ihichapụ, gbanwee, detuo ma bugharịa akụkụ na diski nchekwa.
Iwu fdisk dị n'okpuru ga-ebipụta tebụl nkebi nke ngwaọrụ ngọngọ niile agbakwunyere:
$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 82213CA8-50E4-4DDB-9337-85E46DA03430 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 2050047 2048000 1000M Windows recovery environment /dev/sda2 2050048 2582527 532480 260M EFI System /dev/sda3 2582528 4630527 2048000 1000M Lenovo boot partition /dev/sda4 4630528 4892671 262144 128M Microsoft reserved /dev/sda5 4892672 1173295103 1168402432 557.1G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda6 1870348288 1922777087 52428800 25G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda7 1922777088 1953523711 30746624 14.7G Windows recovery environment /dev/sda8 1173295104 1173297151 2048 1M BIOS boot /dev/sda9 1173297152 1181110271 7813120 3.7G Linux swap /dev/sda10 1181110272 1870348287 689238016 328.7G Linux filesystem Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Maka ojiji ọzọ na ọmụmaatụ gbasara iwu fdisk gụọ 10 'fdisk' Ihe atụ Iwu iji jikwaa nkebi.
sfdisk na-arụ ọrụ karịa fdisk, ọ na-ebipụta ma ọ bụ na-emegharị tebụl nkebi diski nchekwa. Agbanyeghị, sfdisk na-enye atụmatụ ndị ọzọ adịghị na fdisk. Ị nwere ike iji ya dị ka fdisk, ọ na-akwado GPT, MBR, Sun na SGI nkebi tebụl.
Otu ihe dị iche n'etiti ha abụọ bụ na sfdisk anaghị emepụta akụkụ usoro ọkọlọtọ maka akara SGI na SUN disk dị ka fdisk na-eme.
$ sudo sfdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 82213CA8-50E4-4DDB-9337-85E46DA03430 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 2050047 2048000 1000M Windows recovery environment /dev/sda2 2050048 2582527 532480 260M EFI System /dev/sda3 2582528 4630527 2048000 1000M Lenovo boot partition /dev/sda4 4630528 4892671 262144 128M Microsoft reserved /dev/sda5 4892672 1173295103 1168402432 557.1G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda6 1870348288 1922777087 52428800 25G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda7 1922777088 1953523711 30746624 14.7G Windows recovery environment /dev/sda8 1173295104 1173297151 2048 1M BIOS boot /dev/sda9 1173297152 1181110271 7813120 3.7G Linux swap /dev/sda10 1181110272 1870348287 689238016 328.7G Linux filesystem Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Maka ojiji ọzọ, gaa na ibe sfdisk man.
cfdisk bụ mmemme dị mfe eji maka ibipụta na ijikwa akụkụ diski. Ọ na-enye ọrụ nkebi nke nkiti yana interface enyi na enyi. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ yiri iwu ndị dị ike karị: fdisk na sfdisk na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere ịlele, tinye, ihichapụ, na gbanwee akụkụ diski ike.
Jiri igodo aka nri na aka ekpe ka ibugharịa ihe ngosi n'elu taabụ menu.
$ sudo cfdisk
Disk: /dev/sda Size: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Label: gpt, identifier: 82213CA8-50E4-4DDB-9337-85E46DA03430 Device Start End Sectors Size Type >> Free space 2048 2048 0 0B /dev/sda1 2048 2050047 2048000 1000M Windows recovery environm /dev/sda2 2050048 2582527 532480 260M EFI System /dev/sda3 2582528 4630527 2048000 1000M Lenovo boot partition /dev/sda4 4630528 4892671 262144 128M Microsoft reserved /dev/sda5 4892672 1173295103 1168402432 557.1G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda6 1870348288 1922777087 52428800 25G Microsoft basic data /dev/sda7 1922777088 1953523711 30746624 14.7G Windows recovery environm /dev/sda8 1173295104 1173297151 2048 1M BIOS boot /dev/sda9 1173297152 1181110271 7813120 3.7G Linux swap /dev/sda10 1181110272 1870348287 689238016 328.7G Linux filesystem ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Filesystem: ntfs │ │Filesystem label: WINRE_DRV │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ [ New ] [ Quit ] [ Help ] [ Sort ] [ Write ] [ Dump ]
Parted bụkwa ngwá ọrụ ahịrị iwu ama ama maka igosipụta na ijikwa akụkụ diski. Ọ na-aghọta ọtụtụ usoro tebụl nkebi, gụnyere MBR na GPT.
Enwere ike iji Parted maka ịmepụta oghere maka nkebi ọhụrụ, ịhazigharị ojiji diski, na iṅomi data na diski ike ọhụrụ na karịa.
$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA ST1000LM024 HN-M (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 1050MB 1049MB ntfs Basic data partition hidden, diag 2 1050MB 1322MB 273MB fat32 EFI system partition boot, hidden, esp 3 1322MB 2371MB 1049MB fat32 Basic data partition hidden 4 2371MB 2505MB 134MB Microsoft reserved partition msftres 5 2505MB 601GB 598GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata 8 601GB 601GB 1049kB bios_grub 9 601GB 605GB 4000MB linux-swap(v1) 10 605GB 958GB 353GB ext4 6 958GB 984GB 26.8GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata 7 984GB 1000GB 15.7GB ntfs Basic data partition hidden, diag
Maka ojiji ọzọ gụọ Iwu 8 Linux 'parted' iji jikwaa nkebi Linux Disk
lsblk na-ebipụta ozi gụnyere aha, ụdị, ebe ugwu gbasara ngwaọrụ ngọngọ niile dị ma ọ bụ nke etinyere na ewepu RAM diski.
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 260M 0 part ├─sda3 8:3 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda4 8:4 0 128M 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 557.1G 0 part ├─sda6 8:6 0 25G 0 part ├─sda7 8:7 0 14.7G 0 part ├─sda8 8:8 0 1M 0 part ├─sda9 8:9 0 3.7G 0 part [SWAP] └─sda10 8:10 0 328.7G 0 part / sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
blkid akụrụngwa nke na-achọpụta ma ọ bụ na-egosiputa njiri njirimara ngwaọrụ ( NAME = uru bara uru ) dị ka ngwaọrụ ma ọ bụ aha nkebi, labelụ, ụdị faịlụ ya na ndị ọzọ.
$ blkid
/dev/sda1: LABEL="WINRE_DRV" UUID="D4A45AAAA45A8EBC" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="dcc4de2d-8fc4-490f-85e0-50c2e18cc33d" /dev/sda2: LABEL="SYSTEM_DRV" UUID="185C-DA5B" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI system partition" PARTUUID="b13c479a-d63b-4fec-9aee-f926fe7b0b16" /dev/sda3: LABEL="LRS_ESP" UUID="0E60-2E0E" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="d464feab-0791-4866-a36b-90dbe6d6a437" /dev/sda5: LABEL="Windows8_OS" UUID="18D0632AD0630CF6" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="8a66bd5b-8624-4fdb-9ad8-18d8cd356160" /dev/sda6: LABEL="LENOVO" UUID="9286FFD986FFBC33" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="92fbbea9-6bcd-4ae5-a322-c96a07a81013" /dev/sda7: LABEL="PBR_DRV" UUID="ECD06683D066543C" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="0e2878a2-377c-4b35-9454-f1f2c6398405" /dev/sda9: UUID="e040de62-c837-453e-88ee-bd9000387083" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="f5eef371-a152-4208-a62f-0fb287f9acdd" /dev/sda10: UUID="bb29dda3-bdaa-4b39-86cf-4a6dc9634a1b" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="26b60905-1c39-4fd4-bdce-95c517c781fa"
hwinfo na-ebipụta ozi zuru ezu gbasara ngwaike sistemụ. Mana ị nwere ike ịme iwu hwinfo dị n'okpuru ebe ị na-eji --
nhọrọ iji depụta ngwa ngwa niile nke ụdị akọwapụtara (na nke a na-egbochi ngwaọrụ dị ka diski na akụkụ ha).
Iji machibido ozi ahụ na nchịkọta, jiri nhọrọ --short
dị ka iwu dị n'okpuru:
$ hwinfo --short --block
disk: /dev/sda ST1000LM024 HN-M /dev/ram0 Disk /dev/ram1 Disk /dev/ram2 Disk /dev/ram3 Disk /dev/ram4 Disk /dev/ram5 Disk /dev/ram6 Disk /dev/ram7 Disk /dev/ram8 Disk /dev/ram9 Disk /dev/ram10 Disk /dev/ram11 Disk /dev/ram12 Disk /dev/ram13 Disk /dev/ram14 Disk /dev/ram15 Disk partition: /dev/sda1 Partition /dev/sda2 Partition /dev/sda3 Partition /dev/sda4 Partition /dev/sda5 Partition /dev/sda6 Partition /dev/sda7 Partition /dev/sda8 Partition /dev/sda9 Partition /dev/sda10 Partition cdrom: /dev/sr0 PLDS DVD-RW DA8A5SH
Gbaa mbọ hụ na etinyere ngwaọrụ hwinfo na sistemụ gị ka ị nweta nsonaazụ dị n'elu.
Utilities Command Line iji nyochaa ojiji oghere diski na Linux
Ndị na-esonụ bụ ndepụta nke ngwa ahịrị iwu maka nyochaa ojiji oghere diski Linux.
df na-ebipụta nchịkọta nke sistemụ faịlụ diski ohere na ọnụ. N'iwu dị n'okpuru ebe a, mgba ọkụ -hT
na-enyere aka ịkọ ọkwa nha diski, oghere ejiri, oghere dị na pasent ohere ejiri mee ihe n'ụdị mmadụ nwere ike ịgụ.
$ df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run /dev/sda10 ext4 324G 132G 176G 43% / tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 86M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup cgmfs tmpfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs tmpfs tmpfs 788M 32K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
pydf bụ ọrụ ahịrị iwu Python pụrụ iche yana nnukwu nnọchi nke df na Linux. Ọ na-eji agba dị iche iche iji gosipụta akụkụ diski nwere njirimara akọwapụtara.
$ pydf
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda10 323G 132G 175G 40.7 [######################................................] /
Gbaa mbọ hụ na arụnyere pydf na sistemụ ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị ya site na iji Wụnye Pydf Tool iji nyochaa ojiji Linux Disk.
Ozugbo ị ghọtara na diski(s) nchekwa gị ọ bụla na-agwụcha oghere ma ọ bụ juputara, ị kwesịrị:
- Nke mbụ, mee nkwado ndabere nke faịlụ gị niile dị mkpa na sistemụ site na iji ngwaọrụ nchekwa sistemụ Linux ọ bụla.
- Na-esote, lelee faịlụ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na-eburu ohere kacha ukwuu na diski (s) site na iji iwu du.
- Mgbe ahụ, hichapụ na diski nchekwa, faịlụ ọ bụla na-adịkwaghị mkpa ma ọ bụ nke ị gaghị eji n'ọdịnihu site n'enyemaka nke iwu
rm
ma ọ bụ ị nwere ike fslint iji chọta na hichapụ faịlụ ndị achọghị na Linux. - Ọ bụrụ na nkebi mgbọrọgwụ gị na-ejupụta, ị nwere ike megharịa nkebi mgbọrọgwụ site na iji LVM, ọ kwesịrị ịdị mma kwụ ọtọ.
Mara: Ọ bụrụ na ihichapụ faịlụ ọ bụla dị mkpa, ị nwere ike weghachite faịlụ ehichapụ na Linux.
N'isiokwu a, anyị na-ekwu maka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bara uru akara utilities maka na-egosipụta nchekwa diski nkebi table na nlekota ohere ojiji.
Ọ bụrụ na e nwere ihe ọ bụla mkpa iwu ahịrị ịba uru maka otu nzube, na anyị hapụrụ? Mee ka anyị mara site na ngalaba nkọwa n'okpuru. Ị nwere ike jụọ ajụjụ ma ọ bụ nyekwa anyị nzaghachi.