Ngwa 9 iji nyochaa akụkụ diski Linux na ojiji na Linux


N'ime edemede a, anyị ga-enyocha ọtụtụ ngwa ahịrị ahịrị iwu Linux nke ị nwere ike iji lelee akụkụ diski na Linux.

Nleba anya ojiji oghere (s) nchekwa ngwaọrụ bụ otu n'ime ọrụ kachasị mkpa nke SysAdmin, nke a na-enyere aka hụ na ohere efu zuru oke na ngwaọrụ nchekwa maka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma nke sistemụ Linux gị.

Iwu Line Utilities Iji bipụta tebụl nkebi Linux Disk

Ndị na-esonụ bụ ndepụta nke ngwa ahịrị iwu maka ibipụta tebụl nkebi ngwaọrụ nchekwa yana ojiji oghere.

fdisk bụ ngwa ahịrị ahịrị iwu siri ike ma ama ama ejiri maka imepụta na ijikwa tebụl nkebi diski.

Ọ na-akwado GPT, MBR, Sun, SGI na tebụl nkebi BSD. Ị nwere ike ịgba ọsọ fdisk iwu site na enyi na enyi ya, ederede dabere na menu ebugharị iji gosipụta, mepụta, gbanwee, ihichapụ, gbanwee, detuo ma bugharịa akụkụ na diski nchekwa.

Iwu fdisk dị n'okpuru ga-ebipụta tebụl nkebi nke ngwaọrụ ngọngọ niile agbakwunyere:

$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 82213CA8-50E4-4DDB-9337-85E46DA03430

Device          Start        End    Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1        2048    2050047    2048000  1000M Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda2     2050048    2582527     532480   260M EFI System
/dev/sda3     2582528    4630527    2048000  1000M Lenovo boot partition
/dev/sda4     4630528    4892671     262144   128M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda5     4892672 1173295103 1168402432 557.1G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda6  1870348288 1922777087   52428800    25G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda7  1922777088 1953523711   30746624  14.7G Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda8  1173295104 1173297151       2048     1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda9  1173297152 1181110271    7813120   3.7G Linux swap
/dev/sda10 1181110272 1870348287  689238016 328.7G Linux filesystem

Partition table entries are not in disk order.

Maka ojiji ọzọ na ọmụmaatụ gbasara iwu fdisk gụọ 10 'fdisk' Ihe atụ Iwu iji jikwaa nkebi.

sfdisk na-arụ ọrụ karịa fdisk, ọ na-ebipụta ma ọ bụ na-emegharị tebụl nkebi diski nchekwa. Agbanyeghị, sfdisk na-enye atụmatụ ndị ọzọ adịghị na fdisk. Ị nwere ike iji ya dị ka fdisk, ọ na-akwado GPT, MBR, Sun na SGI nkebi tebụl.

Otu ihe dị iche n'etiti ha abụọ bụ na sfdisk anaghị emepụta akụkụ usoro ọkọlọtọ maka akara SGI na SUN disk dị ka fdisk na-eme.

$ sudo sfdisk -l 
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 82213CA8-50E4-4DDB-9337-85E46DA03430

Device          Start        End    Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1        2048    2050047    2048000  1000M Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda2     2050048    2582527     532480   260M EFI System
/dev/sda3     2582528    4630527    2048000  1000M Lenovo boot partition
/dev/sda4     4630528    4892671     262144   128M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda5     4892672 1173295103 1168402432 557.1G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda6  1870348288 1922777087   52428800    25G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda7  1922777088 1953523711   30746624  14.7G Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda8  1173295104 1173297151       2048     1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda9  1173297152 1181110271    7813120   3.7G Linux swap
/dev/sda10 1181110272 1870348287  689238016 328.7G Linux filesystem

Partition table entries are not in disk order.

Maka ojiji ọzọ, gaa na ibe sfdisk man.

cfdisk bụ mmemme dị mfe eji maka ibipụta na ijikwa akụkụ diski. Ọ na-enye ọrụ nkebi nke nkiti yana interface enyi na enyi. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ yiri iwu ndị dị ike karị: fdisk na sfdisk na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere ịlele, tinye, ihichapụ, na gbanwee akụkụ diski ike.

Jiri igodo aka nri na aka ekpe ka ibugharịa ihe ngosi n'elu taabụ menu.

$ sudo cfdisk
                                 Disk: /dev/sda
            Size: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
          Label: gpt, identifier: 82213CA8-50E4-4DDB-9337-85E46DA03430

    Device          Start        End    Sectors   Size Type
>>  Free space       2048       2048          0     0B                          
    /dev/sda1        2048    2050047    2048000  1000M Windows recovery environm
    /dev/sda2     2050048    2582527     532480   260M EFI System
    /dev/sda3     2582528    4630527    2048000  1000M Lenovo boot partition
    /dev/sda4     4630528    4892671     262144   128M Microsoft reserved
    /dev/sda5     4892672 1173295103 1168402432 557.1G Microsoft basic data
    /dev/sda6  1870348288 1922777087   52428800    25G Microsoft basic data
    /dev/sda7  1922777088 1953523711   30746624  14.7G Windows recovery environm
    /dev/sda8  1173295104 1173297151       2048     1M BIOS boot
    /dev/sda9  1173297152 1181110271    7813120   3.7G Linux swap
    /dev/sda10 1181110272 1870348287  689238016 328.7G Linux filesystem
 ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │      Filesystem: ntfs                                                      │
 │Filesystem label: WINRE_DRV                                                 │
 └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
     [   New  ]  [  Quit  ]  [  Help  ]  [  Sort  ]  [  Write ]  [  Dump  ]

Parted bụkwa ngwá ọrụ ahịrị iwu ama ama maka igosipụta na ijikwa akụkụ diski. Ọ na-aghọta ọtụtụ usoro tebụl nkebi, gụnyere MBR na GPT.

Enwere ike iji Parted maka ịmepụta oghere maka nkebi ọhụrụ, ịhazigharị ojiji diski, na iṅomi data na diski ike ọhụrụ na karịa.

$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA ST1000LM024 HN-M (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system     Name                          Flags
 1      1049kB  1050MB  1049MB  ntfs            Basic data partition          hidden, diag
 2      1050MB  1322MB  273MB   fat32           EFI system partition          boot, hidden, esp
 3      1322MB  2371MB  1049MB  fat32           Basic data partition          hidden
 4      2371MB  2505MB  134MB                   Microsoft reserved partition  msftres
 5      2505MB  601GB   598GB   ntfs            Basic data partition          msftdata
 8      601GB   601GB   1049kB                                                bios_grub
 9      601GB   605GB   4000MB  linux-swap(v1)
10      605GB   958GB   353GB   ext4
 6      958GB   984GB   26.8GB  ntfs            Basic data partition          msftdata
 7      984GB   1000GB  15.7GB  ntfs            Basic data partition          hidden, diag

Maka ojiji ọzọ gụọ Iwu 8 Linux 'parted' iji jikwaa nkebi Linux Disk

lsblk na-ebipụta ozi gụnyere aha, ụdị, ebe ugwu gbasara ngwaọrụ ngọngọ niile dị ma ọ bụ nke etinyere na ewepu RAM diski.

$ lsblk  
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda       8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk 
├─sda1    8:1    0  1000M  0 part 
├─sda2    8:2    0   260M  0 part 
├─sda3    8:3    0  1000M  0 part 
├─sda4    8:4    0   128M  0 part 
├─sda5    8:5    0 557.1G  0 part 
├─sda6    8:6    0    25G  0 part 
├─sda7    8:7    0  14.7G  0 part 
├─sda8    8:8    0     1M  0 part 
├─sda9    8:9    0   3.7G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda10   8:10   0 328.7G  0 part /
sr0      11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  

blkid akụrụngwa nke na-achọpụta ma ọ bụ na-egosiputa njiri njirimara ngwaọrụ ( NAME = uru bara uru ) dị ka ngwaọrụ ma ọ bụ aha nkebi, labelụ, ụdị faịlụ ya na ndị ọzọ.

$ blkid 
/dev/sda1: LABEL="WINRE_DRV" UUID="D4A45AAAA45A8EBC" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="dcc4de2d-8fc4-490f-85e0-50c2e18cc33d"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="SYSTEM_DRV" UUID="185C-DA5B" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI system partition" PARTUUID="b13c479a-d63b-4fec-9aee-f926fe7b0b16"
/dev/sda3: LABEL="LRS_ESP" UUID="0E60-2E0E" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="d464feab-0791-4866-a36b-90dbe6d6a437"
/dev/sda5: LABEL="Windows8_OS" UUID="18D0632AD0630CF6" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="8a66bd5b-8624-4fdb-9ad8-18d8cd356160"
/dev/sda6: LABEL="LENOVO" UUID="9286FFD986FFBC33" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="92fbbea9-6bcd-4ae5-a322-c96a07a81013"
/dev/sda7: LABEL="PBR_DRV" UUID="ECD06683D066543C" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="0e2878a2-377c-4b35-9454-f1f2c6398405"
/dev/sda9: UUID="e040de62-c837-453e-88ee-bd9000387083" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="f5eef371-a152-4208-a62f-0fb287f9acdd"
/dev/sda10: UUID="bb29dda3-bdaa-4b39-86cf-4a6dc9634a1b" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="26b60905-1c39-4fd4-bdce-95c517c781fa"

hwinfo na-ebipụta ozi zuru ezu gbasara ngwaike sistemụ. Mana ị nwere ike ịme iwu hwinfo dị n'okpuru ebe ị na-eji -- nhọrọ iji depụta ngwa ngwa niile nke ụdị akọwapụtara (na nke a na-egbochi ngwaọrụ dị ka diski na akụkụ ha).

Iji machibido ozi ahụ na nchịkọta, jiri nhọrọ --short dị ka iwu dị n'okpuru:

$ hwinfo --short --block
disk:                                                           
  /dev/sda             ST1000LM024 HN-M
  /dev/ram0            Disk
  /dev/ram1            Disk
  /dev/ram2            Disk
  /dev/ram3            Disk
  /dev/ram4            Disk
  /dev/ram5            Disk
  /dev/ram6            Disk
  /dev/ram7            Disk
  /dev/ram8            Disk
  /dev/ram9            Disk
  /dev/ram10           Disk
  /dev/ram11           Disk
  /dev/ram12           Disk
  /dev/ram13           Disk
  /dev/ram14           Disk
  /dev/ram15           Disk
partition:
  /dev/sda1            Partition
  /dev/sda2            Partition
  /dev/sda3            Partition
  /dev/sda4            Partition
  /dev/sda5            Partition
  /dev/sda6            Partition
  /dev/sda7            Partition
  /dev/sda8            Partition
  /dev/sda9            Partition
  /dev/sda10           Partition
cdrom:
  /dev/sr0             PLDS DVD-RW DA8A5SH

Gbaa mbọ hụ na etinyere ngwaọrụ hwinfo na sistemụ gị ka ị nweta nsonaazụ dị n'elu.

Utilities Command Line iji nyochaa ojiji oghere diski na Linux

Ndị na-esonụ bụ ndepụta nke ngwa ahịrị iwu maka nyochaa ojiji oghere diski Linux.

df na-ebipụta nchịkọta nke sistemụ faịlụ diski ohere na ọnụ. N'iwu dị n'okpuru ebe a, mgba ọkụ -hT na-enyere aka ịkọ ọkwa nha diski, oghere ejiri, oghere dị na pasent ohere ejiri mee ihe n'ụdị mmadụ nwere ike ịgụ.

$ df -hT
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     788M  9.6M  779M   2% /run
/dev/sda10     ext4      324G  132G  176G  43% /
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G   86M  3.8G   3% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgmfs          tmpfs     100K     0  100K   0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs          tmpfs     788M   32K  788M   1% /run/user/1000

pydf bụ ọrụ ahịrị iwu Python pụrụ iche yana nnukwu nnọchi nke df na Linux. Ọ na-eji agba dị iche iche iji gosipụta akụkụ diski nwere njirimara akọwapụtara.

$ pydf
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use%                                                          Mounted on
/dev/sda10 323G 132G  175G 40.7 [######################................................] /         

Gbaa mbọ hụ na arụnyere pydf na sistemụ ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị ya site na iji Wụnye Pydf Tool iji nyochaa ojiji Linux Disk.

Ozugbo ị ghọtara na diski(s) nchekwa gị ọ bụla na-agwụcha oghere ma ọ bụ juputara, ị kwesịrị:

  1. Nke mbụ, mee nkwado ndabere nke faịlụ gị niile dị mkpa na sistemụ site na iji ngwaọrụ nchekwa sistemụ Linux ọ bụla.
  2. Na-esote, lelee faịlụ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na-eburu ohere kacha ukwuu na diski (s) site na iji iwu du.
  3. Mgbe ahụ, hichapụ na diski nchekwa, faịlụ ọ bụla na-adịkwaghị mkpa ma ọ bụ nke ị gaghị eji n'ọdịnihu site n'enyemaka nke iwu rm ma ọ bụ ị nwere ike fslint iji chọta na hichapụ faịlụ ndị achọghị na Linux.
  4. Ọ bụrụ na nkebi mgbọrọgwụ gị na-ejupụta, ị nwere ike megharịa nkebi mgbọrọgwụ site na iji LVM, ọ kwesịrị ịdị mma kwụ ọtọ.

Mara: Ọ bụrụ na ihichapụ faịlụ ọ bụla dị mkpa, ị nwere ike weghachite faịlụ ehichapụ na Linux.

N'isiokwu a, anyị na-ekwu maka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bara uru akara utilities maka na-egosipụta nchekwa diski nkebi table na nlekota ohere ojiji.

Ọ bụrụ na e nwere ihe ọ bụla mkpa iwu ahịrị ịba uru maka otu nzube, na anyị hapụrụ? Mee ka anyị mara site na ngalaba nkọwa n'okpuru. Ị nwere ike jụọ ajụjụ ma ọ bụ nyekwa anyị nzaghachi.