Otu esi elele nchịkọta MD5 nke ngwugwu arụnyere na Debian/Ubuntu Linux
Ọ dịtụla mgbe ị nọ na-eche ihe kpatara ọnụọgụ abụọ ma ọ bụ ngwugwu etinyere na sistemụ gị anaghị arụ ọrụ dịka atụmanya gị siri dị, nke pụtara na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma dịka ekwesịrị ime, ikekwe ọ nweghị ike ịmalite ihe omume ma ọlị.
Mgbe ị na-ebudata ngwungwu, ị nwere ike ihu ihe ịma aka nke njikọ netwọkụ na-akwụghị ọtọ ma ọ bụ mwepu ọkụ na-atụghị anya ya, nke a nwere ike bute nrụnye ngwugwu mebiri emebi.
N'ịtụle nke a dị ka ihe dị mkpa n'ịkwado ngwugwu na-adịghị emebi emebi na sistemụ gị, ọ bụ ya mere ọ dị mkpa iji nyochaa faịlụ ndị dị na sistemụ faịlụ megide ozi echekwara na ngwugwu site na iji isiokwu na-esonụ.
Otu esi enyocha ngwugwu Debian arụnyere megide MD5 Checksum
Na sistemu Debian/Ubuntu, ị nwere ike iji ngwa debssum iji lelee nchikota MD5 nke ngwugwu arụnyere. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịmata ozi gbasara ngwugwu debssum tupu ịwụnye ya, ịnwere ike iji APT-CACHE dị ka:
$ apt-cache search debsums
Na-esote, wụnye ya site na iji apt Command dị ka ndị a:
$ sudo apt install debsums
Ugbu a bụ oge ịmụta ka esi eji ngwá ọrụ debssum iji nyochaa MD5sum nke ngwugwu arụnyere.
Mara: Ejila m sudo na iwu niile dị n'okpuru n'ihi na ụfọdụ faịlụ nwere ike ọ gaghị agụ ikike maka ndị ọrụ oge niile.
Na mgbakwunye, mmepụta sitere na iwu debssum na-egosi gị ebe faịlụ dị n'aka ekpe na nsonaazụ nlele n'aka nri. Enwere nsonaazụ atọ enwere ike nweta, ha gụnyere:
- OK – na-egosi na nchikota MD5 faịlụ dị mma.
- EMELA – na-egosi na nchikota MD5 faịlụ adabaghị.
- Edochiri - pụtara na ejirila faịlụ sitere na ngwungwu ọzọ dochie faịlụ ahụ akọwapụtara.
Mgbe ị na-agba ya na-enweghị nhọrọ ọ bụla, debssum na-enyocha faịlụ ọ bụla dị na sistemụ gị megide faịlụ md5sum.
$ sudo debsums
/usr/bin/a11y-profile-manager-indicator OK /usr/share/doc/a11y-profile-manager-indicator/copyright OK /usr/share/man/man1/a11y-profile-manager-indicator.1.gz OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/facebook.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/facebook/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-facebook/copyright OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/flickr.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/flickr/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-flickr/copyright OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/google.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/google/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-drive.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-im.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/picasa.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-google/copyright OK /lib/systemd/system/accounts-daemon.service OK /usr/lib/accountsservice/accounts-daemon OK /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces/org.freedesktop.Accounts.User.xml OK /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces/org.freedesktop.Accounts.xml OK /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.Accounts.service OK /usr/share/doc/accountsservice/README OK /usr/share/doc/accountsservice/TODO OK ....
Iji mee ka ịlele faịlụ ọ bụla na nhazi faịlụ maka ngwungwu ọ bụla maka mgbanwe ọ bụla, tinye -a ma ọ bụ --niile nhọrọ:
$ sudo debsums --all
/usr/bin/a11y-profile-manager-indicator OK /usr/share/doc/a11y-profile-manager-indicator/copyright OK /usr/share/man/man1/a11y-profile-manager-indicator.1.gz OK /etc/xdg/autostart/a11y-profile-manager-indicator-autostart.desktop OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/facebook.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/facebook/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/facebook-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-facebook/copyright OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/www.facebook.com.conf OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/flickr.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/flickr/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-microblog.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/flickr-sharing.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-flickr/copyright OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/login.yahoo.com.conf OK /usr/share/accounts/providers/google.provider OK /usr/share/accounts/qml-plugins/google/Main.qml OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-drive.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/google-im.service OK /usr/share/accounts/services/picasa.service OK /usr/share/doc/account-plugin-google/copyright OK ...
Ọ ga-ekwe omume ịlele naanị faịlụ nhazi ewepu faịlụ ngwugwu ndị ọzọ site na iji -e ma ọ bụ -config nhọrọ:
$ sudo debsums --config
/etc/xdg/autostart/a11y-profile-manager-indicator-autostart.desktop OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/www.facebook.com.conf OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/login.yahoo.com.conf OK /etc/signon-ui/webkit-options.d/accounts.google.com.conf OK /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.Accounts.conf OK /etc/acpi/asus-keyboard-backlight.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-keyboard-backlight-down OK /etc/acpi/ibm-wireless.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/tosh-wireless OK /etc/acpi/asus-wireless.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/lenovo-undock OK /etc/default/acpi-support OK /etc/acpi/events/ibm-wireless OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-wireless-on OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-wireless-off OK /etc/acpi/tosh-wireless.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/asus-keyboard-backlight-up OK /etc/acpi/events/thinkpad-cmos OK /etc/acpi/undock.sh OK /etc/acpi/events/powerbtn OK /etc/acpi/powerbtn.sh OK /etc/init.d/acpid OK /etc/init/acpid.conf OK /etc/default/acpid OK ...
Na-esote, naanị igosi faịlụ ndị gbanwere na mmepụta nke debssum, jiri nhọrọ -c ma ọ bụ --gbanwere nhọrọ. Ahụghị m faịlụ ọ bụla gbanwere na sistemụ m.
$ sudo debsums --changed
Iwu na-esote na-ebipụta faịlụ ndị na-enweghị md5sum info, ebe a anyị na-eji nhọrọ -l na --list-efu nhọrọ. Na sistemụ m, iwu ahụ anaghị egosi faịlụ ọ bụla.
$ sudo debsums --list-missing
Ugbu a ọ bụ oge iji nyochaa md5 nchikota nke otu ngwugwu site na ịkọwa aha ya:
$ sudo debsums apache2
/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d/apache2-systemd.conf OK /usr/sbin/a2enmod OK /usr/sbin/a2query OK /usr/sbin/apache2ctl OK /usr/share/apache2/apache2-maintscript-helper OK /usr/share/apache2/ask-for-passphrase OK /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/a2enmod OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/NEWS.Debian.gz OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/PACKAGING.gz OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.backtrace OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.multiple-instances OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/copyright OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/apache2.monit OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/secondary-init-script OK /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/setup-instance OK /usr/share/lintian/overrides/apache2 OK /usr/share/man/man1/a2query.1.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/a2enconf.8.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/a2enmod.8.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/a2ensite.8.gz OK /usr/share/man/man8/apache2ctl.8.gz OK
Na-eche na ị na-eme debsums dị ka onye ọrụ mgbe niile na-enweghị sudo, ị nwere ike na-emeso njehie ikike dị ka ịdọ aka ná ntị site n'iji --ignore-permissions nhọrọ:
$ debsums --ignore-permissions
Otu esi emepụta MD5 Sums si .Deb Files
Nhọrọ -g na-agwa mwepu ka iwepụta nchikota MD5 site na ọdịnaya akwụ ụgwọ, ebe:
- na-efunahụ - nye ndụmọdụ ka ọ wepụta nchikota MD5 site na ụgwọ maka ngwugwu na-enyeghị otu.
- niile – na-eduzi mwepu ka ọ leghara nchikota diski anya wee jiri nke dị na faịlụ ụgwọ ụgwọ, ma ọ bụ mebere ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị.
- dobe – na-agwa mwepu ka ha dee nchikota ewepụtara/mepụtara na /var/lib/dpkg/info/package.md5sums faịlụ.
- nocheck – pụtara na anaghị enyocha ego ewepụtara/mepụtara megide ngwungwu arụnyere.
Mgbe ị na-elele ọdịnaya nke ndekọ /var/lib/dpkg/info/ , ị ga-ahụ md5sums maka faịlụ dị iche iche na-achịkọta dị ka ọ dị na foto dị n'okpuru:
$ cd /var/lib/dpkg/info $ ls *.md5sums
a11y-profile-manager-indicator.md5sums account-plugin-facebook.md5sums account-plugin-flickr.md5sums account-plugin-google.md5sums accountsservice.md5sums acl.md5sums acpid.md5sums acpi-support.md5sums activity-log-manager.md5sums adduser.md5sums adium-theme-ubuntu.md5sums adwaita-icon-theme.md5sums aisleriot.md5sums alsa-base.md5sums alsa-utils.md5sums anacron.md5sums apache2-bin.md5sums apache2-data.md5sums apache2.md5sums apache2-utils.md5sums apg.md5sums apparmor.md5sums app-install-data.md5sums app-install-data-partner.md5sums ...
Cheta na iji -g nhọrọ bụ otu ihe ahụ na --generate=missing, ị nwere ike ịgbalị ịmepụta md5 nchikota maka ngwugwu apache2 site n'ịgba iwu na-esonụ.
$ sudo debsums --generate=missing apache2
Ebe ọ bụ na ngwugwu apache2 na sistemụ m enweela md5, ọ ga-egosi mmepụta n'okpuru, nke bụ otu ihe na-agba ọsọ:
$ sudo debsums apache2
Maka nhọrọ ndị ọzọ na-atọ ụtọ na ozi ojiji, lee anya na ibe debssums man.
$ man debsums
N'isiokwu a, anyị na-ekerịta otu esi enyocha ngwugwu Debian/Ubuntu arụnyere megide MD5 checksums, nke a nwere ike ịba uru iji zere ịwụnye na imezu ọnụọgụ abụọ ma ọ bụ faịlụ ngwugwu na sistemụ gị site na ịlele faịlụ na sistemụ faịlụ megide ozi echekwara na ya. ngwugwu.
Maka ajụjụ ma ọ bụ nzaghachi ọ bụla, were ohere nke ụdị nkọwa dị n'okpuru. N'echiche, ị nwekwara ike ịnye otu aro ma ọ bụ abụọ iji mee ka ọkwa a ka mma.