4 kacha mma Linux Boot Loaders

Mgbe ịgbanwuo igwe gị, ozugbo POST (Power On Self Test) mechara nke ọma, BIOS chọtara mgbasa ozi bootable ahazi, wee gụọ ntuziaka ụfọdụ sitere na ndekọ ndekọ bootable (MBR) ma ọ bụ GUID nkebi tebụl nke bụ 512 bytes mbụ. nke mgbasa ozi bootable. MBR nwere ozi abụọ dị mkpa, otu bụ bootloader na abụọ, tebụl nkebi.

Ihe eji ebu boot bụ obere mmemme echekwara na tebụl nkebi MBR ma ọ bụ GUID nke na-enyere aka ịkwanye sistemụ arụmọrụ n'ime ebe nchekwa. Enweghị bootloader, enweghị ike ibunye sistemụ arụmọrụ gị na ebe nchekwa.

Enwere ọtụtụ bootloaders anyị nwere ike ịwụnye ya na Linux na sistemụ anyị yana n'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ekwu okwu nkenke maka ole na ole nke kacha mma Linux bootloaders iji rụọ ọrụ.

1. GNU GRUB

GNU GRUB bụ ihe a ma ama na eleghị anya nke ọtụtụ bootboot Linux bootloader dị, dabere na GRUB mbụ (GRand Unified Bootlader) nke Eirch Stefan Broleyn mepụtara. Ọ na-abịa na ọtụtụ nkwalite, atụmatụ ọhụrụ yana ndozi ahụhụ dị ka nkwalite nke mmemme GRUB mbụ.

Nke dị mkpa, GRUB 2 edochiela GRUB ugbu a. Ma n'ụzọ doro anya, aha GRUB ka ahagharịrị ka ọ bụrụ GRUB Legacy ma emebebeghị ya nke ọma, agbanyeghị, enwere ike iji ya maka ịmalite sistemụ ochie ebe ọ bụ na ndozi ahụhụ ka na-aga.

GRUB nwere atụmatụ ndị a ma ama:

  1. Na-akwado multiboot
  2. Na-akwado ọtụtụ nhazi ngwaike na sistemu arụ ọrụ dịka Linux na Windows
  3. Na-enye interface ahịrị iwu mmekọrịta mmekọrịta dị ka Bash maka ndị ọrụ ka ha na-eme iwu GRUB yana iji faịlụ nhazi emekọrịta nke ọma
  4. Na-enye ohere ịnweta ndezi GRUB
  5. Na-akwado ntọala okwuntughe yana nzuzo maka nchekwa
  6. Na-akwado mbupụ site na netwọk yana ọtụtụ atụmatụ ndị ọzọ dị obere

Gaa na ibe: https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/

2. LILO (Linux Loader)

LILO bụ ihe dị mfe ma dị ike ma kwụsie ike Linux bootloader. Site na ewu ewu na ojiji nke GRUB na-eto eto, nke nwere ọtụtụ nkwalite na njirimara dị ike, LILO aghọwo ihe na-ewu ewu n'etiti ndị ọrụ Linux.

Mgbe ọ na-ebu ibu, a na-egosipụta okwu LILO na ihuenyo ma akwụkwọ ozi ọ bụla na-apụta tupu ma ọ bụ mgbe otu ihe omume mere, Otú ọ dị, a kwụsịrị mmepe LILO na December 2015, ọ nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ dị ka edepụtara n'okpuru:

  1. A naghị enye interface ahịrị iwu mmekọrịta
  2. Na-akwado ọtụtụ koodu mperi
  3. anaghị enye nkwado maka ịbupu na netwọkụ
  4. A na-echekwa faịlụ ya niile na 1024 cylinders mbụ nke draịva
  5. Mgbochi chere ihu na BTFS, GPT na RAID yana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Gaa na ibe: http://lilo.alioth.debian.org/

3. BURG - New Boot Loader

Dabere na GRUB, BURG bụ bootloader Linux ọhụrụ. N'ihi na esitere na GRUB, ọ na-ebufe ya na ụfọdụ njirimara GRUB bụ isi, agbanyeghị, ọ na-enyekwa atụmatụ dị ịrịba ama dị ka usoro ihe ọhụrụ iji kwado ọtụtụ nyiwe gụnyere Linux, Windows, Mac OS, FreeBSD na ndị ọzọ.

Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-akwado ederede nwere ike ịhazi nke ukwuu yana menu buut ọnọdụ eserese, iyi gbakwunyere atụmatụ ndozi n'ọdịnihu ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na ngwaọrụ ntinye/mmepụta dị iche iche.

Gaa na ibe: https://launchpad.net/burg

4. Syslinux

Syslinux bụ ụdị dị iche iche nke ndị na-ebu buut dị arọ nke na-enyere gị aka ịgbapụ na CD-ROM, site na netwọk na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-akwado sistemụ faịlụ dịka FAT maka MS-DOS, yana ext2, ext3, ext4 maka Linux. Ọ na-akwadokwa otu ngwaọrụ Btrfs na-enweghị mkpakọ.

Rịba ama na Syslinux na-enweta naanị faịlụ na nkebi nke ya, yabụ, ọ naghị enye ikike buut ọtụtụ faịlụ faịlụ.

Gaa na ibe mbụ: http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_Syslinux_Project

Ihe eji ebu boot na-enye gị ohere ijikwa ọtụtụ sistemụ arụmọrụ na igwe gị wee họrọ nke ị ga-eji n'otu oge, na-enweghị ya, igwe gị enweghị ike ibunye kernel na faịlụ sistemụ arụmọrụ ndị ọzọ.

Anyị agbagharala bootloader Linux ọ bụla ebe a? Ọ bụrụ otu a, mee ka anyị mara site n'iji ụdị nkọwa dị n'okpuru ebe a site n'ịtụnye aro bootloaders ọ bụla nwere ike ịkwado sistemụ arụmọrụ Linux.