Smem - na-akọpụta oriri ebe nchekwa kwa usoro yana ndabere onye ọrụ na Linux
Njikwa ebe nchekwa n'ihe gbasara nlekota ojiji ebe nchekwa bụ otu ihe dị mkpa ị ga-eme na sistemụ Linux gị, enwere ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ dị maka nyochaa ojiji ebe nchekwa gị nke ị nwere ike ịhụ na nkesa Linux dị iche iche. Mana ha na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche, na nke a ka esi eduzi, anyị ga-eleba anya n'otu esi etinye na iji otu ụdị ngwaọrụ a na-akpọ smem.
Smem bụ ngwá ọrụ mkpesa ebe nchekwa iwu nke na-enye onye ọrụ akụkọ dị iche iche gbasara ojiji ebe nchekwa na sistemụ Linux. Enwere otu ihe pụrụ iche gbasara smem, n'adịghị ka ngwaọrụ mgbasa ozi ebe nchekwa ọdịnala ndị ọzọ, ọ na-akọ PSS (Proportal Set Size), ihe nnọchianya bara uru nke ojiji ebe nchekwa site na ngwa na ọba akwụkwọ na ntọala ebe nchekwa mebere.
Ngwa ọdịnala dị adị na-elekwasị anya n'ịgụ RSS (Resident Set Size) nke bụ ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ iji nyochaa ojiji ebe nchekwa n'ime atụmatụ ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ, mana ọ na-achọ ibufe ojiji ebe nchekwa site na ngwa.
N'aka nke ọzọ, PSS na-enye ihe ezi uche dị na ya site n'ịchọpụta \fair-share nke ebe nchekwa nke ngwa na ụlọ akwụkwọ na-eji na atụmatụ ebe nchekwa mebere.
Ị nwere ike ịgụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka a (banyere ebe nchekwa RSS na PSS) iji ghọta oriri ebe nchekwa na sistemụ Linux, mana ka anyị gaa n'ihu na-elele ụfọdụ njirimara nke smem.
- Nleba anya sistemu
- Ndepụta yana nzacha site na usoro, eserese ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ
- Iji data sitere na /proc filesystem
- Ogidi ndepụta enwere ike ịhazi site na isi mmalite data dị iche iche
- Nkeji mmepụta na pasentị nwere ike ịhazi
- Ọ dị mfe ịhazi ndị nkụnye eji isi mee na mkpokọta na ndepụta
- Iji data snapshots sitere na enyo ndekọ ma ọ bụ faịlụ tar abịakọrọ
- Usoro ọgbọ eserese arụnyere
- Ngwá ọrụ nwude dị fechaa ejiri n'ime sistemu agbakwunyere
Otu esi etinye Smem – Ngwá Ọrụ mkpesa ebe nchekwa na Linux
Tupu ịmalite itinye smem, sistemụ gị ga-enwerịrị ihe ndị a chọrọ:
- Kernel nke oge a (> 2.6.27 ma ọ bụ karịa)
- ụdị Python ọhụrụ na-adịbeghị anya (2.4 ma ọ bụ karịa)
- ọba akwụkwọ matplotlib nhọrọ maka ọgbọ eserese
Ọtụtụ n'ime nkesa Linux nke oge a na-abịa na ụdị kernel kachasị ọhụrụ na nkwado Python 2 ma ọ bụ 3, yabụ naanị ihe achọrọ bụ ịwụnye ọba akwụkwọ matplotlib nke ejiri mepụta eserese mara mma.
Buru ụzọ mee ka ebe nchekwa EPEL (Ngwugwu Mgbakwunye maka Linux Enterprise) wee wụnye dị ka ndị a:
# yum install smem python-matplotlib python-tk
$ sudo apt-get install smem
$ sudo apt-get install smem python-matplotlib python-tk
Jiri ebe nchekwa AUR a.
Otu esi eji Smem - Ngwá ọrụ mkpesa ebe nchekwa na Linux
Ka ilele akụkọ ojiji ebe nchekwa n'ofe sistemụ niile, nke ndị ọrụ sistemu niile, mee iwu a:
$ sudo smem
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 145 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 147 1676 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 165 1780 7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 178 1832 5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 179 1916 1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0 152 184 2052 1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0 156 187 2060 1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0 156 187 2060 1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0 156 188 2124 1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0 164 196 2064 2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0 164 196 2136 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 212 224 1540 1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0 220 236 1604 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 252 292 2556 3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0 300 326 2548 1588 root cron 0 292 333 2344 1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0 124 334 1632 1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0 316 343 2096 585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0 328 351 1820 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 360 2160 1346 root upstart-file-bridge --daemo 0 348 371 1776 2607 root /usr/bin/xdm 0 188 378 2368 1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops 0 352 386 2684 344 root upstart-udev-bridge --daemo 0 400 427 2132 2960 tecmint /usr/bin/ssh-agent /usr/bin 0 480 485 992 3468 tecmint /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f 0 344 515 3284 1559 avahi avahi-daemon: running [tecm 0 284 517 3108 7289 postfix pickup -l -t unix -u -c 0 288 534 2808 2135 root /usr/lib/postfix/master 0 352 576 2872 2436 postfix qmgr -l -t unix -u 0 360 606 2884 1521 root /lib/systemd/systemd-logind 0 600 650 3276 2222 nobody /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --no-reso 0 604 669 3288 ....
Mgbe onye ọrụ nkịtị na-agba ọsọ smem, ọ na-egosiputa ojiji ebe nchekwa site na usoro nke onye ọrụ malitere, a na-ahazi usoro ahụ ka ọ na-abawanye PSS.
Lelee nsonaazụ dị n'okpuru na sistemụ m maka ojiji ebe nchekwa site na usoro nke onye ọrụ malitere aaronkilik:
$ smem
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 6367 tecmint cat 0 100 145 1784 6368 tecmint cat 0 100 147 1676 2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 166 1780 3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 212 224 1540 3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 252 292 2556 3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 360 2160 3468 tecmint /bin/dbus-daemon --config-f 0 344 515 3284 3122 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd 0 656 801 5552 3471 tecmint /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp 0 708 864 5992 3396 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-mtp-volu 0 804 914 6204 3208 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/i 0 892 1012 6188 3380 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-afc-volu 0 820 1024 6396 3034 tecmint //bin/dbus-daemon --fork -- 0 920 1081 3040 3365 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-gphoto2- 0 972 1099 6052 3228 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-trash - 0 980 1153 6648 3107 tecmint /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-servic 0 1212 1283 5376 6399 tecmint /opt/google/chrome/chrome - 0 144 1409 10732 3478 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/g 0 1724 1820 6320 7365 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-http -- 0 1352 1884 8704 6937 tecmint /opt/libreoffice5.0/program 0 1140 2328 5040 3194 tecmint /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/p 0 1956 2405 14228 6373 tecmint /opt/google/chrome/nacl_hel 0 2324 2541 8908 3313 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-udisks2- 0 2460 2754 8736 3464 tecmint /usr/lib/at-spi2-core/at-sp 0 2684 2823 7920 5771 tecmint ssh -p 4521 [email 0 2544 2864 6540 5759 tecmint /bin/bash 0 2416 2923 5640 3541 tecmint /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/mi 0 2584 3008 7248 7657 tecmint bash 0 2516 3055 6028 3127 tecmint /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-fuse /r 0 3024 3126 8032 3205 tecmint mate-screensaver 0 2520 3331 18072 3171 tecmint /usr/lib/mate-panel/notific 0 2860 3495 17140 3030 tecmint x-session-manager 0 4400 4879 17500 3197 tecmint mate-volume-control-applet 0 3860 5226 23736 ...
Enwere ọtụtụ nhọrọ ị ga-akpọku mgbe ị na-eji smem, dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji lelee oriri ebe nchekwa zuru oke, mee iwu a:
$ sudo smem -w
Area Used Cache Noncache firmware/hardware 0 0 0 kernel image 0 0 0 kernel dynamic memory 1425320 1291412 133908 userspace memory 2215368 451608 1763760 free memory 4424936 4424936 0
Ka ilele ojiji ebe nchekwa n'otu n'otu, mee iwu n'okpuru:
$ sudo smem -u
User Count Swap USS PSS RSS rtkit 1 0 300 326 2548 kernoops 1 0 352 385 2684 avahi 2 0 408 851 4740 postfix 2 0 648 1140 5692 messagebus 1 0 1012 1173 3320 syslog 1 0 1396 1419 3232 www-data 2 0 5100 6572 13580 mpd 1 0 7416 8302 12896 nobody 2 0 4024 11305 24728 root 39 0 323876 353418 496520 tecmint 64 0 1652888 1815699 2763112
Ị nwekwara ike ịkọ akụkọ ojiji ebe nchekwa site na eserese dị ka ndị a:
$ sudo smem -m
Map PIDs AVGPSS PSS /dev/fb0 1 0 0 /home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/7ef2298f 18 0 0 /home/tecmint/.cache/fontconfig/c57959a1 18 0 0 /home/tecmint/.local/share/mime/mime.cac 15 0 0 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_100_p 9 0 0 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_material_200_p 9 0 0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gconv/gconv-mo 41 0 0 /usr/share/icons/Mint-X-Teal/icon-theme. 15 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/0c9eb80ebd1c36541e 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/0d8c3b2ac0904cb8a5 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/1ac9eb803944fde146 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/3830d5c3ddfd5cd38a 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/385c0604a188198f04 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/4794a0821666d79190 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/56cf4f4769d0f4abc8 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/767a8244fc0220cfb5 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/8801497958630a81b7 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/99e8ed0e538f840c56 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/b9d506c9ac06c20b43 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/c05880de57d1f5e948 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/dc05db6664285cc2f1 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/e13b20fdb08344e0e6 20 0 0 /var/cache/fontconfig/e7071f4a29fa870f43 20 0 0 ....
Enwekwara nhọrọ maka nzacha mmepụta smem ma anyị ga-eleba anya n'ihe atụ abụọ ebe a.
Iji nzacha mmepụta site na aha njirimara, kpọkuo -u ma ọ bụ --userfilter=\regex\ nhọrọ dị ka n'okpuru:
$ sudo smem -u
User Count Swap USS PSS RSS rtkit 1 0 300 326 2548 kernoops 1 0 352 385 2684 avahi 2 0 408 851 4740 postfix 2 0 648 1140 5692 messagebus 1 0 1012 1173 3320 syslog 1 0 1400 1423 3236 www-data 2 0 5100 6572 13580 mpd 1 0 7416 8302 12896 nobody 2 0 4024 11305 24728 root 39 0 323804 353374 496552 tecmint 64 0 1708900 1871766 2819212
Iji nzacha mmepụta site na aha usoro, kpọkuo -P ma ọ bụ --processfilter=\regex\ nhọrọ dị ka ndị a:
$ sudo smem --processfilter="firefox"
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS 9212 root sudo smem --processfilter=f 0 1172 1434 4856 9213 root /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/sm 0 7368 7793 11984 4424 tecmint /usr/lib/firefox/firefox 0 931732 937590 961504
Nhazi mmepụta nwere ike dị ezigbo mkpa, ma enwere nhọrọ iji nyere gị aka ịhazi akụkọ ebe nchekwa ma anyị ga-elele ihe atụ ole na ole n'okpuru.
Iji gosi kọlụm achọrọ na akụkọ ahụ, jiri -c ma ọ bụ --ogidi nhọrọ dị ka ndị a:
$ sudo smem -c "name user pss rss"
Name User PSS RSS cat tecmint 145 1784 cat tecmint 147 1676 ck-launch-sessi tecmint 165 1780 gnome-pty-helpe tecmint 178 1832 gnome-pty-helpe tecmint 179 1916 getty root 184 2052 getty root 187 2060 getty root 187 2060 getty root 188 2124 getty root 196 2064 getty root 196 2136 sh tecmint 224 1540 acpid root 236 1604 syndaemon tecmint 296 2560 rtkit-daemon rtkit 326 2548 cron root 333 2344 avahi-daemon avahi 334 1632 irqbalance root 343 2096 upstart-socket- root 351 1820 dbus-launch tecmint 360 2160 upstart-file-br root 371 1776 xdm root 378 2368 kerneloops kernoops 386 2684 upstart-udev-br root 427 2132 ssh-agent tecmint 485 992 ...
Ị nwere ike kpọkuo -p nhọrọ iji kọọ iji ebe nchekwa na pasentị, dịka n'iwu dị n'okpuru:
$ sudo smem -p
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS
6367 tecmint cat 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
6368 tecmint cat 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
9307 tecmint sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1588 root cron 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03%
....
Iwu dị n'okpuru ga-egosi mkpokọta na njedebe nke kọlụm ọ bụla nke mmepụta:
$ sudo smem -t
PID User Command Swap USS PSS RSS
6367 tecmint cat 0 100 139 1784
6368 tecmint cat 0 100 141 1676
9307 tecmint sh -c { sudo /usr/lib/linux 0 96 158 1508
2864 tecmint /usr/bin/ck-launch-session 0 144 163 1780
3544 tecmint sh -c /usr/lib/linuxmint/mi 0 108 170 1540
5758 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 176 1916
7656 tecmint gnome-pty-helper 0 156 176 1832
1441 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 0 152 181 2052
1434 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty5 0 156 184 2060
1444 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 0 156 184 2060
1432 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 0 156 185 2124
1452 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty6 0 164 193 2064
2619 root /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 0 164 193 2136
1504 root acpid -c /etc/acpi/events - 0 220 232 1604
3311 tecmint syndaemon -i 0.5 -K -R 0 260 298 2564
3143 rtkit /usr/lib/rtkit/rtkit-daemon 0 300 324 2548
1588 root cron 0 292 326 2344
1589 avahi avahi-daemon: chroot helpe 0 124 332 1632
1523 root /usr/sbin/irqbalance 0 316 340 2096
585 root upstart-socket-bridge --dae 0 328 349 1820
3033 tecmint /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit 0 328 359 2160
1346 root upstart-file-bridge --daemo 0 348 370 1776
2607 root /usr/bin/xdm 0 188 375 2368
1635 kernoops /usr/sbin/kerneloops 0 352 384 2684
344 root upstart-udev-bridge --daemo 0 400 426 2132
.....
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
134 11 0 2171428 2376266 3587972
Ọzọkwa, enwere nhọrọ maka akụkọ eserese nke ị nwekwara ike iji ma anyị ga-abanye n'ime ha na mpaghara mpaghara a.
Ị nwere ike ịmepụta eserese mmanya nke usoro na ụkpụrụ PSS na RSS ha, na ihe atụ dị n'okpuru ebe a, anyị na-emepụta eserese mmanya nke usoro nke onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ nwere.
Ụgbọ elu kwụ ọtọ na-egosi usoro PSS na RSS na ụgbọ elu kwụ ọtọ na-anọchi anya usoro onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ ọ bụla:
$ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --bar pid -c"pss rss"
Ị nwekwara ike ịmepụta eserese achịcha na-egosi usoro na oriri ebe nchekwa ha dabere na ụkpụrụ PSS ma ọ bụ RSS. Iwu dị n'okpuru na-ewepụta eserese achịcha maka usoro nke onye ọrụ na-atụ ụkpụrụ nwere.
Aha --pie pụtara akara site na aha yana nhọrọ -s na-enyere aka ịhazi site na uru PSS.
$ sudo smem --userfilter="root" --pie name -s pss
Enwere ọtụtụ ubi ndị ọzọ amaara ma e wezụga PSS na RSS ejiri maka ịde akara:
Iji nweta enyemaka, pịnye naanị smem -h ma ọ bụ gaa na ibe ntinye akwụkwọ ntuziaka.
Anyị ga-akwụsị ebe a na smem, mana iji ghọta ya nke ọma, jiri ya na ọtụtụ nhọrọ ndị ọzọ ị nwere ike ịhụ na ibe nwoke. Dị ka ọ dị na mbụ ị nwere ike iji ngalaba nkọwa n'okpuru kwupụta echiche ma ọ bụ nchegbu ọ bụla.
Njikọ njikọ: https://www.selenic.com/smem/