Otu esi ebuli site na Ubuntu 15.10 gaa na Ubuntu 16.04 na Desktọpụ na mbipụta nkesa

Ubuntu 16.04, codename Xenial Xerus, nke nwere nkwado ogologo oge ka ewepụtara n'ihu ọha taa n'ọhịa maka Desktop, Server, Cloud and Mobile. Canonical kwupụtara na nkwado gọọmentị maka ụdị a ga-adịgide ruo 2021.

N'ime ọtụtụ ndozi ahụhụ na ngwugwu emelitere, Ubuntu 16.04 na-abịa na njirimara ọhụrụ ndị a na ụdị nkesa:

  1. Linux kernel 4.4
  2. OpenSSH 7.2p2 (SSH ụdị 1 protocol wepụrụ kpamkpam yana nkwado maka mgbanwe igodo DH 1024-bit)
  3. Apache na Nginx nwere nkwado PHP 7.0
  4. Python 3.5
  5. LXD 2.0
  6. Docker 1.10
  7. libvirt 1.3.1
  8. qemu 2.5
  9. Apt 1.2
  10. GNU toolchain (glib 2.23, bindutils 2.2, GCC 5.3)
  11. OpenStack Mitaka
  12. VSwitch 2.5.0
  13. Nginx 1.9.15 nwere nkwado HTTP/2
  14. MySQL 5.7
  15. Nkwado sistemụ faịlụ ZFS

Akụkụ ụdị desktọpụ ahụ nwere atụmatụ ndị a ma ama:

  1. Ịdị n’otu 7
  2. Ubuntu Software ejiri Gnome Software dochie ya
  3. Brasero na ọmịiko wepụrụ
  4. Agbanyụrụ ọchụchọ dash n'ịntanetị
  5. Enwere ike ibugharị ihe mmalite gaa na ala
  6. LibreOffice 5.1
  7. Ndozi mperi ọtụtụ
  8. Firefox 45

Nkuzi a ga-eduzi gị ka ị ga-esi kwalite site na Ubuntu 15.10, Desktọpụ na Server, gaa na ụdị Ubuntu ọhụrụ, 16.04, site na ahịrị iwu.

Ị kwesịrị ịma na usoro nke nkwalite si ochie version na a ọhụrụ version mgbe niile na-agụnye ụfọdụ ihe ize ndụ na data ọnwụ ma ọ bụ nwere ike imebi gị usoro ma ọ bụ tinye ya na a ọdịda ala.

Ya mere, mgbe niile na-eme nkwado ndabere nke data gị dị mkpa tupu ị gaa n'ihu na nkwalite usoro ma na-anwale usoro ahụ mgbe niile na usoro ndị na-abụghị mmepụta.

Kwalite ngwugwu Sistemu

1. Tupu ịga n'ihu na usoro nkwalite ahụ buru ụzọ jide n'aka na ị nwere ngwugwu kachasị ọhụrụ sitere na ntọhapụ gị ugbu a arụnyere na sistemụ gị site na ịnye iwu ndị a na Terminal:

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade

2. Na-esote, jide n'aka na ị na-akwalite usoro ahụ na ihe ndabere kachasị ọhụrụ na kernels ma ọ bụ ngwugwu nke na-ejide azụ site na iwu melite site na-agba ọsọ n'okpuru iwu.

$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3. N'ikpeazụ, mgbe update usoro okokụre, na-amalite wepụ junk software si gị usoro ka free ohere disk site n'inye n'okpuru iwu:

$ sudo apt-get autoremove
$ sudo apt-get clean

Nke a ga-ewepụ ngwungwu ụgwọ niile echekwara na /var/cache/apt/Archive/ directory na ndabere na-enweghị isi, ngwugwu, kernel ochie ma ọ bụ ọba akwụkwọ.

Ozugbo emechara usoro ahụ maka nkwalite, ị ga-amalitegharị sistemụ ahụ mgbe usoro nkwalite ahụ gachara ka ị were buo kernel ọhụrụ.

Nweta nkwalite na desktọpụ Ubuntu 16.04

4. Tupu ịmalite usoro nkwalite ahụ na ụdị Ubuntu kachasị ọhụrụ, jide n'aka na ngwugwu update-manager-core, nke bụ ngwá ọrụ akwadoro nke Canonical nyere maka nkwalite ụdị, arụnyere na usoro site n'inye iwu dị n'okpuru ebe a.

$ sudo apt-get install update-manager-core

5. Ugbu a, malite nkwalite site na iwu dị n'okpuru:

$ sudo do-release-upgrade

6. Mgbe a usoro nke usoro ego na repositories faịlụ mgbanwe ngwá ọrụ ga-agwa gị banyere ihe niile usoro mgbanwe na ga-ajụ gị ma ị chọrọ ịnọgide ma ọ bụ na-ele zuru ezu banyere nkwalite usoro. Pịnye y na ngwa ngwa ka ị gaa n'ihu na nkwalite.

7. Dabere na njikọ ịntanetị gị, usoro nkwalite ahụ kwesịrị iwepụta oge. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a ga-ebudata ngwugwu ahụ na sistemụ gị wee tinye ya.

Ọzọkwa, nwelite- manager-core nwere ike jụọ gị ma ịchọrọ ịmalitegharị ọrụ na-akpaghị aka ma ọ bụ jiri ụdị ọhụrụ dochie faịlụ nhazi maka ngwugwu.

Ị ga-aza na ee maka ọrụ malitegharịa mana ọ ka mma idowe faịlụ nhazi ochie maka ngwungwu arụnyere ọhụrụ ma ọ bụrụ na i doghachighị faịlụ conf ndị ahụ. Ọzọkwa, ọ ga-adị mma iwepu ngwungwu ochie site na ịpị y na ngwa ngwa mmekọrịta.

8. N'ikpeazụ, mgbe usoro nkwalite ahụ gwụchara na ihe ịga nke ọma na installer ga-agwa gị na usoro ahụ kwesịrị ịmaliteghachi iji tinye mgbanwe ma mechaa usoro nkwalite ahụ dum. Zaa na ee ka ịga n'ihu.

9. Mgbe Malitegharịa ekwentị, usoro kwesịrị buut-elu ọhụrụ kwalite Ubuntu nkesa, 16.04. Iji nyochaa ntọhapụ nkesa gị wepụta iwu ndị dị n'okpuru na ọnụ.

$ uname –a
$ cat /etc/lsb-release
$ cat /etc/issue.net
$ cat /etc/debian_version

10. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahọrọ iji nyochaa ntọhapụ nkesa gị na GUI, mepee System Setting wee gaa na nkọwa nkọwa.

Kwalite na Ubuntu 16.04 Server

11. Otu usoro akọwara ebe a nwere ike tinye na Ubuntu Server ntọhapụ kwa. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na usoro nkwalite ahụ emebere ya site na njikọ SSH, usoro SSH ọzọ maka mgbake ga-amalite na-akpaghị aka maka gị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 1022 ma ọ bụrụ na ọdịda usoro.

Naanị ka ọ dị mma jikọọ na njikwa ihe nkesa site na SSH na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 1022, ma ọ bụghị tupu ị gbakwunye iwu firewall iji mee ka njikọ ahụ dị maka mgbalị ndị ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na firewall na-agba ọsọ, dị ka e gosiri na nseta ihuenyo dị n'okpuru. .

$ sudo do-release-upgrade -d

12. Mgbe ịmechara njikọ SSH nke abụọ na ihe nkesa gị, gaa n'ihu na nkwalite usoro dị ka ọ dị na mbụ. Mgbe usoro nkwalite ahụ gwụchara, malitegharịa igwe ma rụọ ọrụ ihicha sistemu site n'inye iwu ndị a:

$ sudo apt-get autoremove
$ sudo apt-get clean

Ọ gwụla! Nwee obi ụtọ na Ubuntu 16.04 na kọmputa gị, ma ọ bụ desktọpụ ma ọ bụ ihe nkesa.