Otu esi eji Awk na nkwupụta oge niile iji yochaa ederede ma ọ bụ eriri na faịlụ

Mgbe anyị na-agba ọsọ ụfọdụ iwu na Unix/Linux ịgụ ma ọ bụ dezie ederede site na eriri ma ọ bụ faịlụ, ọtụtụ oge anyị na-agbalị nyochaa mmepụta na akụkụ nke mmasị. Nke a bụ ebe iji okwu mgbe niile na-aba uru.

Enwere ike ịkọwa okwu oge niile dị ka eriri na-anọchi anya ọtụtụ usoro mkpụrụedemede. Otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa gbasara nkwupụta okwu mgbe niile bụ na ha na-enye gị ohere nyochaa mmepụta nke iwu ma ọ bụ faịlụ, dezie akụkụ nke ederede ma ọ bụ faịlụ nhazi na ihe ndị ọzọ.

A na-eme okwu mgbe niile site na:

Ihe odide nkịtị dị ka oghere, mesie akara (_), A-Z, a-z, 0-9.
Mkpụrụedemede meta agbasawanye gaa na mkpụrụedemede nkịtị, ha gụnyere:
1. (.) ọ dabara otu mkpụrụedemede ma ewezuga ahịrị ọhụrụ.
2. (*) ọ dabara efu ma ọ bụ karịa nke agwa dị ya ụzọ.
3. [ agwa(s) dakọtara na mkpụrụedemede ọ bụla akọwapụtara na mkpụrụedemede, mmadụ nwekwara ike iji akara akara (-) pụtara oke. mkpụrụedemede dị ka [a-f], [1-5], na ndị ọzọ.
4. ^ ọ dabara na mmalite ahịrị dị na faịlụ.
5. $ dakọtara na ngwụcha ahịrị dị na faịlụ.
6. ọ bụ agwa mgbapụ.
Iji nzacha ederede, mmadụ ga-eji ngwa nzacha ederede dị ka awk. Ị nwere ike iche maka awk dị ka asụsụ mmemme nke ya. Mana maka oke ntuziaka a maka iji awk, anyị ga-ekpuchi ya dị ka ngwa nzacha ahịrị iwu dị mfe.

Okwu izugbe nke awk bụ:
```
# awk 'script' filename
```
Ebe script bụ usoro iwu nke awk ghọtara ma na-eme ya na faịlụ, aha faịlụ.
Ọ na-arụ ọrụ site n'ịgụ akara enyere na faịlụ ahụ, na-eme otu ahịrị ahụ wee mebie edemede ahụ na ahịrị. A na-emegharị nke a na ahịrị niile dị na faịlụ ahụ.
script dị n'ụdị /ụkpụrụ/omume ebe ụkpụrụ bụ okwu mgbe niile na omume bụ ihe awk ga-eme mgbe ọ chọtara ụkpụrụ enyere n'ahịrị.
Otu esi eji ngwa nzacha Awk na Linux
N'ihe atụ ndị a, anyị ga-elekwasị anya na mkpụrụedemede meta nke anyị tụlere n'elu n'okpuru atụmatụ awk.
Ihe atụ dị n'okpuru na-ebipụta ahịrị niile dị na faịlụ /etc/hosts ebe ọ bụ na enyeghị ụkpụrụ ọ bụla.
```
# awk '//{print}'/etc/hosts
```
N'ihe atụ dị n'okpuru, e nyela ụkpụrụ localhost, yabụ awk ga-adaba n'ahịrị nwere localhost na faịlụ /etc/hosts.
```
# awk '/localhost/{print}' /etc/hosts 
```
(.) ga-adakọ na eriri nwere loc, localhost, localnet n'ihe atụ dị n'okpuru.
Ya bụ ịsị * l ụfọdụ_otu agwa c *.
```
# awk '/l.c/{print}' /etc/hosts
```
Ọ ga-adakọrịrị eriri nwere localhost, localnet, ahịrị, nwere ike, dịka ọmụmaatụ n'okpuru:
```
# awk '/l*c/{print}' /etc/localhost
```
Ị ga-achọpụtakwa na (*) na-agbalị ime ka ị nweta egwuregwu kacha ogologo enwere ike ịchọpụta.
Ka ileba anya n'okwu nke gosipụtara nke a, were okwu mgbe niile t*t nke pụtara eriri dakọtara na-amalite na mkpụrụedemede t wee kwụsị na t n'ahịrị n'okpuru:
```
this is tecmint, where you get the best good tutorials, how to's, guides, tecmint. 
```
Ị ga-enweta ohere ndị a mgbe ị na-eji ụkpụrụ /t*t/:
```
this is t
this is tecmint
this is tecmint, where you get t
this is tecmint, where you get the best good t
this is tecmint, where you get the best good tutorials, how t
this is tecmint, where you get the best good tutorials, how tos, guides, t
this is tecmint, where you get the best good tutorials, how tos, guides, tecmint
```
Na (*) na /t*t/ agwa kaadị ọhịa na-enye ohere awk ịhọrọ nhọrọ ikpeazụ:
```
this is tecmint, where you get the best good tutorials, how to's, guides, tecmint
```
Were dịka ọmụmaatụ [al1], ebe a awk ga-adakọ na eriri niile nwere agwa a ma ọ bụ l ma ọ bụ 1 n'ahịrị na faịlụ /etc/hosts.
```
# awk '/[al1]/{print}' /etc/hosts
```
Ọmụmaatụ na-esote dakọtara eriri na-amalite site na K ma ọ bụ k na-esote T:
```
# awk '/[Kk]T/{print}' /etc/hosts 
```
Jiri awk ghọta mkpụrụedemede:
1. [0-9] pụtara otu nọmba
2. [a-z] pụtara dakọtara otu mkpụrụedemede obere
3. [A-Z] pụtara dakọtara otu mkpụrụedemede ukwu
4. [a-zA-Z] pụtara dakọtara otu mkpụrụedemede
5. [a-zA-Z 0-9] pụtara dakọtara otu mkpụrụedemede ma ọ bụ nọmba
Ka anyị lee ihe atụ n'okpuru:
```
# awk '/[0-9]/{print}' /etc/hosts 
```
Ahịrị niile sitere na faịlụ /etc/hosts nwere opekata mpe otu nọmba [0-9] na atụ n'elu.

Ọ dabara na ahịrị niile na-amalite na ụkpụrụ enyere dị ka ọmụmaatụ n'okpuru:
```
# awk '/^fe/{print}' /etc/hosts
# awk '/^ff/{print}' /etc/hosts
```
Ọ dabara na ahịrị niile kwụsịrị na ụkpụrụ enyere:
```
# awk '/ab$/{print}' /etc/hosts
# awk '/ost$/{print}' /etc/hosts
# awk '/rs$/{print}' /etc/hosts
```
Ọ na-enye gị ohere iwere agwa na-esote ya dị ka ihe nkịtị nke bụ ịsị tụlee ya dị ka ọ dị.
N'ihe atụ dị n'okpuru, iwu mbụ na-ebipụta ahịrị niile dị na faịlụ ahụ, iwu nke abụọ na-ebipụtaghị ihe ọ bụla n'ihi na achọrọ m ka ọ dakọtara na ahịrị nwere $25.00, mana ọ dịghị agwa mgbapụ na-eji.
Iwu nke atọ ziri ezi ebe ọ bụ na ejirila agwa mgbapụ gụọ $ka ọ dị.
```
# awk '//{print}' deals.txt
# awk '/$25.00/{print}' deals.txt
# awk '/\$25.00/{print}' deals.txt
```
Nchịkọta
Nke ahụ abụghị ihe niile na ngwa nzacha ahịrị iwu awk, ihe atụ ndị dị n'elu ọrụ bụ isi nke awk. N'akụkụ ndị ọzọ, anyị ga na-aga n'ihu maka otu esi eji atụmatụ mgbagwoju anya nke awk. Daalụ maka ịgụ site na mgbakwunye ma ọ bụ nkọwa ọ bụla, biputere okwu na ngalaba kwuru.

Otu esi eji Awk na nkwupụta oge niile iji yochaa ederede ma ọ bụ eriri na faịlụ

Otu esi eji ngwa nzacha Awk na Linux

Nchịkọta