Kedu ihe bụ APT na Aptitude? na Gịnị bụ ezigbo ọdịiche dị n'etiti Ha?
Aptitude na apt-nweta bụ ngwaọrụ abụọ ewu ewu na-ejikwa njikwa ngwugwu. Abụọ bụ ike nke na-ejizi ụdị nile nke-eme na ngwugwu gụnyere echichi, mwepụ, search wdg Ma ka e nwere ndịiche n'etiti ma ngwaọrụ nke na-eme ka ọrụ na-ahọrọ otu n'elu ndị ọzọ. Kedu ihe dị iche iche na-eme ka ngwá ọrụ abụọ a tụlee iche bụ akụkụ nke isiokwu a.
Gịnị bụ Apt
Ngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa Apt ma ọ bụ Advanced bụ sọftụwia mepere emepe na-emeghe nke na-eji nwayọ ejikwa nrụnye na mwepụ ngwanrọ. Na mbu emere ya maka ngwungwu .deb Debian mana emere ya ka ọ dakọtara na Onye njikwa ngwugwu RPM.
Apt bụ ahịrị iwu niile na-enweghị GUI. Mgbe ọ bụla a kpọrọ ya site na ahịrị iwu yana ịkọwa aha ngwugwu a ga-arụnye, ọ na-achọpụta ngwugwu ahụ na ndepụta ahaziri ahazi nke akọwapụtara na '/etc/apt/sources.list' yana ndepụta nke ndabere maka ngwugwu ahụ wee hazie ha na na-etinye ha na-akpaghị aka yana ngwugwu dị ugbu a wee mee ka onye ọrụ ghara ichegbu onwe ya maka ịwụnye ihe ndabere.
Ọ na-agbanwe nke ukwuu na-enye ohere ka onye ọrụ jikwaa nhazi dị iche iche n'ụzọ dị mfe, dị ka: ịgbakwunye ebe ọhụrụ ọ bụla iji chọọ ngwugwu, apt-pinning ntụgharị akara ngwungwu ọ bụla adịghị n'oge nkwalite sistemụ si otú a na-eme ka ụdị ya ugbu a bụrụ ụdị ikpeazụ arụnyere,\smart ” kwalite ya bụ ịkwalite ngwugwu kacha mkpa na ịhapụ ndị kacha mkpa.
Kedu ihe bụ Aptitude?
Ọdịiche dị n'ihu na ngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị elu nke na-agbakwunye interface onye ọrụ na arụ ọrụ ahụ, si otú a na-enye onye ọrụ ohere iji mmekọrịta chọọ ngwugwu wee wụnye ma ọ bụ wepụ ya. Na mbụ emebere maka Debain, Aptitude gbatịkwara ọrụ ya na nkesa dabere na RPM.
Ihe nrụnye onye ọrụ ya dabere na ọba akwụkwọ ncurses nke na-agbakwunye ihe dị iche iche na ya nke a na-ahụkarị na GUI. Otu n'ime isi ihe ya bụ na ọ nwere ike iṅomi ọtụtụ arụmụka ahịrị iwu apt-get.
Na mkpokọta, Aptitude bụ ndị njikwa ngwugwu dị elu nke na-ewepụta nkọwa ọkwa dị ala, ma nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ UI mmekọrịta dabere na ederede yana ọbụlagodi na ahịrị iwu na-abụghị mmekọrịta.
Ọ bụrụ n’ịchọrọ ịmata ojiji nke APT na Aptitude nwere ihe atụ ụwa n'ezie, ị ga-aga n'ihu na akụkọ ndị a.
- Mụta Ọmụmaatụ 25 bara uru na APT-GET na APT-CACHE
- Mụta njikwa ngwungwu Linux site na ike na Dpkg
Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti APT na Aptitude?
Ewezuga isi ihe dị iche bụ na Aptitude bụ onye njikwa ngwugwu dị elu ebe APT bụ onye njikwa ngwugwu dị ala nke ndị njikwa ngwugwu ndị ọzọ nwere ike iji, isi ihe ndị ọzọ na-ekewa ndị njikwa ngwugwu abụọ a bụ:
- Aptitude dị ukwuu na arụmọrụ karịa apt-get na jikọtara arụmọrụ nke apt-get yana ụdị ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere apt-mark na apt-cache.
Ọ bụ ezie na apt-nweta na-ejikwa nrụnye ngwugwu niile, nkwalite-gradation, nkwalite sistemụ, ngwungwu ihicha, idozi ihe ndabere wdg, Aptitude na-ejikwa ọtụtụ ihe karịa nke dabara adaba, gụnyere arụmọrụ nke apt-mark na apt-cache i.e. ịchọ ngwugwu n'ime. ndepụta ngwugwu arụnyere, na-aka akara ngwugwu na-akpaghị aka ma ọ bụ tinye aka, na-ejide ngwugwu na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị maka nkwalite na ihe ndị ọzọ.
- Mgbe apt-nweta enweghị UI, Aptitude nwere naanị ederede yana UI mmekọrịta
Apt-nweta ịbụ onye njikwa ngwungwu dị ala bụ naanị na ahịrị iwu, ebe Aptitude ịbụ ngwa ọrụ ọkwa dị elu nwere interface mmekọrịta naanị ederede yana nhọrọ nke ịrụ ọrụ ahịrị iwu site na itinye iwu achọrọ.
- Aptitude nwere njikwa ngwugwu ka mma karịa apt-get
N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ metụtara nrụnye, mwepụ na mkpebi esemokwu maka ngwugwu, Aptitude na-egosipụta uru ọ bara karịa ịnweta apt-nweta. Ụfọdụ ọnọdụ gụnyere:
1. Mgbe ị na-ewepụ ngwugwu ọ bụla arụnyere, Aptitude ga-ewepụ ngwugwu ndị a na-ejighị ya na-akpaghị aka, ebe apt-get ga-achọ onye ọrụ iji kọwaa nke a n'ụzọ doro anya site na ịgbakwunye nhọrọ ọzọ nke '-auto-remove' ma ọ bụ ịkọwapụta 'apt-get autoremove'.4
2. Iji nyochaa n'ihu maka ihe kpatara na-egbochi ụfọdụ ihe ma ọ bụ ihe kpatara ya ma ọ bụ ihe kpatara na-agaghị eme otu ihe, Aptitude na-enye iwu ihe kpatara na 'why-not'.
Dị ka: Aptitude nwere ike ịchọta gị ihe mere ị ga-eji wụnye otu ngwugwu site na ile anya na ndepụta nke ngwugwu arụnyere na ịlele ma ọ bụrụ na nke ọ bụla n'ime ngwugwu ha tụrụ aro nwere ihe ndabere ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla dabere na ha na-egosi ngwugwu ahụ ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ.
$ aptitude why yaws-wiki i doc-base Suggests dhelp | dwww | doc-central | yelp | khelpcenter4 p dwww Depends apache2 | httpd-cgi p yaws Provides httpd-cgi p yaws Suggests yaws-wiki
Dị ka ebe a, ọ na-achọ ihe kpatara ịwụnye ngwugwu aha ya bụ yaws-wiki ka ọ bụrụ na a na-atụ aro ya site na ndabere (yaws) nke na-enye ngwugwu mebere () httpd-cgi) nke ngwugwu (dwww) nwere ndabere yana ngwungwu (dwww) ka otu n'ime ngwugwu arụnyere aha ya bụ doc-base tụrụ aro .
Njirimara a na-efu na apt-nweta.
3. Ọ bụ ezie na apt-get nwere ike ịnwụ ma ọ bụrụ na e mere ihe na-emegiderịta onwe ya gbasara ntinye ma ọ bụ iwepụ ngwugwu na ozi, Aptitude nwere ike ịtụ aro ihe ndị nwere ike ime iji wepụ esemokwu ahụ.
Aptitude na-enye nchọta siri ike nke enwere ike iji chọọ ngwungwu ọ bụla ọ bụghị naanị na sistemụ kamakwa na ebe nchekwa niile.
Ebe apt-nweta chọrọ ụdị apt ọzọ dị ka apt-cache iji chọọ ngwugwu, Aptitude na-enye ụzọ dị mfe ma dịkwa mma iji chọọ ngwugwu etinyere ma ọ bụ dị ugbu a na ebe nchekwa mana etinyere ya.
$ apt-cache search 'python' | head -n4 kate - powerful text editor kcachegrind-converters - format converters for KCachegrind profiler visualisation tool kig - interactive geometry tool for KDE python-kde4 - Python bindings for the KDE Development Platform $ aptitude search 'python' | head -n4 i bpython - fancy interface to the Python interpreter p bpython-gtk - fancy interface to the Python interpreter p bpython-urwid - fancy interface to the Python interpreter p bpython3 - fancy interface to the Python3 interpreter
N'ebe a, site na ndabara ma apt-cache na aptitude search maka ngwugwu na ndepụta nchịkọta niile dị na ebe nchekwa, mana mmepụta nke ikike na-egosi ma etinyere ngwugwu ahụ na sistemụ ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị site n'inye ọkọlọtọ ngwugwu nke ebe a bụ p na-egosi na ngwugwu dị ma etinyeghị ya yana i nke na-egosi na etinyere ngwugwu ahụ, ebe apt-cache na-edepụta ngwugwu na nkọwapụta otu ahịrị n'amaghị ma etinyere ngwugwu ahụ. ma ọ bụ ọ bụghị.
1. Ịchọ ngwugwu na ebe nchekwa na python2.7 n'aha ngwugwu yana 2.7 na nkọwa ya.
$ aptitude search '~npython2.7 ~d2.7' p idle-python2.7 - IDE for Python (v2.7) using Tkinter i libpython2.7 - Shared Python runtime library (version 2.7 p libpython2.7:i386 - Shared Python runtime library (version 2.7 p libpython2.7-dbg - Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (ver p libpython2.7-dbg:i386 - Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (ver i A libpython2.7-dev - Header files and a static library for Pyth p libpython2.7-dev:i386 - Header files and a static library for Pyth i libpython2.7-minimal - Minimal subset of the Python language (ver p libpython2.7-minimal:i386 - Minimal subset of the Python language (ver i libpython2.7-stdlib - Interactive high-level object-oriented lan p libpython2.7-stdlib:i386 - Interactive high-level object-oriented lan p libpython2.7-testsuite - Testsuite for the Python standard library i python2.7 - Interactive high-level object-oriented lan p python2.7:i386 - Interactive high-level object-oriented lan p python2.7-dbg - Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (ver p python2.7-dbg:i386 - Debug Build of the Python Interpreter (ver i A python2.7-dev - Header files and a static library for Pyth p python2.7-dev:i386 - Header files and a static library for Pyth p python2.7-doc - Documentation for the high-level object-or p python2.7-examples - Examples for the Python language (v2.7) i python2.7-minimal - Minimal subset of the Python language (ver p python2.7-minimal:i386 - Minimal subset of the Python language (ver
Ebe a ~n na-egosi aha na ~d na-egosi nkọwa. Ụdị ọzọ nke otu iwu bụ:
$ aptitude search '?name(python2.7) ?description(2.7)'
~i ma ọ bụ ?installed(): Na-achọ ngwungwu na listi naanị ngwugwu arụnyere.~U ma ọ bụ ~Enwere ike imelite: depụtara ngwugwu niile enwere ike kwalite site na ụdị ọhụrụ ha dị.~E ma ọ bụ ?Essential(): Ngwugwu ndị ahụ arụnyere ma ọ bụ dị, nke dị mkpa.
$ aptitude versions '?Upgradable' | head -n 12 Package apache2: ph 2.4.7-1ubuntu4 trusty 500 ph 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.5 trusty-security 500 ih 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.8 100 ph 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.9 trusty-updates 500 Package apache2-bin: p A 2.4.7-1ubuntu4 trusty 500 p A 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.5 trusty-security 500 i A 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.8 100 p A 2.4.7-1ubuntu4.9 trusty-updates 500
Dị ka ndepụta mkpirisi egosiri ebe a nke ngwungwu atọ nwere ụdị arụnyere (pụtara na i) yana ụdị nkwalite ha dị ugbu a (gosiri na p).
Iji chọta ngwugwu niile ndị ahụ na-enye ọrụ smtp:
$ aptitude search '?provides(smtp)' p libghc-smtpclient-dev - Simple Haskell SMTP client library p libghc-smtpclient-dev:i386 - Simple Haskell SMTP client library p libghc-smtpclient-prof - Simple Haskell SMTP client library; profil p libghc-smtpclient-prof:i386 - Simple Haskell SMTP client library; profil p syslog-ng-mod-smtp - Enhanced system logging daemon (SMTP plugi p syslog-ng-mod-smtp:i386 - Enhanced system logging daemon (SMTP plugi
Dịka ebe a, anyị depụtara ngwugwu niile na-atụ aro ngwugwu 'gcc'.
$ aptitude search '~DSuggests:gcc' | head -n10 p bochs - IA-32 PC emulator p bochs:i386 - IA-32 PC emulator p cpp-4.4 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.4:i386 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.6 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.6:i386 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.7 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.7:i386 - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.7-arm-linux-gnueabi - GNU C preprocessor p cpp-4.7-arm-linux-gnueabi:i386 - GNU C preprocessor
Mmechi
Ya mere, maka ọtụtụ n'ime okwu ndị ahụ, a na-edobe syntax of Aptitude fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke apt-get, iji mee ka ndị ọrụ nke apt-get enwechaghị ihe mgbu na ịkwaga na Aptitude, ma na mgbakwunye na nke a, a na-ejikọta ọtụtụ atụmatụ dị ike na Aptitude. nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ga-ahọrọ. Ewezuga ndịiche ndị a anyị mere ka ọ pụta ìhè, ọ bụrụ na ịchọta ọdịiche ọ bụla na-atọ ụtọ n'etiti ndị njikwa ngwugwu abụọ a, kwupụta ha na nkwupụta gị.